Question 1: Define the term Answer: Tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and are organized together to perform a specific task. Question 2: How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them. ‘Answer: There ere four different types of cells that make up the xylem tissue. They are: () Tracheids (il) Vessels, (ii) Xylem parenchyma () Xylem fibres Question 3: How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants? Answer: ‘Simple tissue Complex tissue “These tissues consist of |These tissues are made up of more than one only one type of cells, type of cells, Different types of cells perform different functions. For example, in the xylem tissue, tracheids help in water transport, whereas parenchyma stores food, [The cells are more or less similar in structure and perform similar functions, Three types of simple tissues in plants are parenchyma, collenchyma, and ssclerenchyma. Two types of complex permanent tissues in plants are xylem and phloem,Question 4: Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, on the basis of their cell wall. Answer: Perenchyma Collenchyma Solerenchyma ‘Cell walls are relatively | The cell wal is regularly | The ell walls are thin, and the cells in| thickened at the comers, |uniformly thickened, parenchyma tissues | and there is very litte | and there areno ‘are loosely packed. | space between the cells. | intercellular spaces. ‘The cell wall in this | Pectin and hemicellulose | A" 2dditional layer tissue is made up of |arethe major constituents), fhe cell wal cellulose. of the cell wall, |composed mainiy of lignin is found. Question 5: ‘What are the functions of the stomata? Answer: Functions of the stomata: () They allow the exchange of gases (CO, and 0,) with the atmosphere. (i) Evaporation of water from the leaf surface occurs through the stomata. Thus, the stomata help in the process of transpiration.Question 6: Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres. Answer: ‘The three types of muscle fibres are‘Striated muscles, smooth muscles (unstriated muscle fibre), and cardiac muscles. Striated muscle fibres Unstriated muscle fibres HG mae ay Nodes ig Cardiac muscle fibresQuestion 7: ‘What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle? Answer: ‘The specific function of the cardiac muscle is to control the contraction and relaxation of the heart. Question 8: Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site/location in the body. Answer: Striated muscle Unstriated muscle Cardiac muscle (On the basis of structure: Cells are Celis are cylindrical Cells are long inched Cells are not Cells are ried Cells are not branched ached Cells are Cells are multinucleate Cells are uninucteate uninucleate ‘Alternate light and darkbands are | There are no bands present present Faint bands are Present lis ends are flat Its ends are blunt Its ends are tapering and wavy ‘On the basis of location These muscles are] These muscles control the _ | These muscles present in body | movement of food in the ‘control the pparts such as [alimentary canal, the contraction | contraction and hands, legs, tongue, | and relaxation of blood vessels, | relaxation of the etc. etc. heartQuestion 9: Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron. Answer: Structure of a neuron Question 10: Name the following: (2) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth. (b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans. (©) Tissue that transports food in plants. (@) Tissue that stores fat in our body. (@) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix. (P Tissue present in the brain. ‘Answer: (@) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth ~+ Epithelial tissue (©) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans -> Dense regular Connective tissue (tendons) (©) Tissue that transports food in plants + Phloem (@) Tissue that stores fat in our body -* Adipose tissue (€) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix -> Blood (Tissue present in the brain ~ Nervous tissueQuestion 11 Identify the type of tissue in the following: skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle. Answer: Skin: Stratified squamous epithelial tissue Bark of tree: Simple permanent tissue Bone: Connective tissue Lining of kidney tubule: Cuboidal epithelial tissue Vasculer bundle: Complex permanent tissue Question 12: Name the regions in which parenchyma sue is present. Answer: Leaves, fruits, and flowers are the regions where the parenchyma tissue is present. Question 13: ‘What is the role of epidermis in plants? Answer: Epidermis Is present on the outer surface of the entire plant body. The cells of the epidermal tissue form a continuous layer without any intercellular space. It performs the following important functions: () itis protective tissue of the plant body (id It protects the plant against mechanical injury (ii) It allows exchange of gases through the stomateQuestion 14: How does the cork act as a protective tissue? Answer: ‘The outer protective layer or bark of a tree is known as the cork. It is made up of dead cells. Therefore, it protects the plant against ‘mechanical injury, temperature extremes, etc. it also prevents the loss of ‘water by evaporation. Question 15: Complete the table: