1 Knowing Our Numbers

Exercise 1.1
1. (i) -30 minute (ii) + Rs. 3263 (iii) -15° C (iv) + 18 minutes (v) - Rs. 888
(vi) -15 minutes (vii) + 2 hour (viii) + 44°C, 2. (i) 1 (ii) 9 (iii) 18 (iv) 40
3. (i) 7°C (ii) 5°C (iii) 11°C (iv) 19°C
4. (i) -7, - 5, - 4, - 3, 0, 1, 2, 8, 9
(ii) -19, - 18, - 16, - 12, - 4, - 2, 0, 3, 7, 9, 14
5. (i) 23, 20, 6, 0, -1, - 7, - 15, - 23
(ii) 9, 7, 6, 4, 0, -2, - 3, - 6, - 9, - 13, - 19
6. (i) -45 + ( -32) = - 45 - 32 = - 77 (ii) 18 + ( -7) = 18 - 7 = 11
(iii) ( 52) + ( -23) = 52 - 23 = 29 (iv) 16 + ( -7) = 16 - 7 = 9

Exercise 1.2
1. (i) 7 ´ ( -8) = - 56 (ii) 6 ´ 39 = 234
(iii) -125 ´ 4 = - 500 (iv) 55 ´ ( -15) = - 825
(v) 62 ´ ( -7) = - 434 (vi) -21´ 0 = 0
(vii) ( -25) ´ ( -11) = 275 (viii) ( -20) ´ 13 = - 260
(ix) 16 ´ ( -22) = - 352 (x) -8 ´ 9 = - 72
2. (i) ( -5) ´ ( -5) ´ ( -5) = - 125 (ii) ( -0) ´ 25 ´ ( -10) = 0
(iii) 6 ´ ( -7) ´ 8 = - 336 (iv) 2 ´ 3 ´ ( -4 ) = - 24
(v) ( -10) ´ 6 ´ ( -12) = 720 (vi) ( -1) ´ ( -3) ´ 6 = 18
(vii) ( -11) ´ ( -12) ´ ( -13) = - 1716 (viii) ( -4 ) ´ ( -4 ) ´ ( -4 ) = - 64
3. (i) ( -1) ´ 51 = - 51 (ii) ( -1) ´ ( -25) = 25
(iii) ( -1) ´ 49 = 49 (iv) 1´ ( -61) = - 61
4. No, it is not possible 5. ( -2) ´ 25 = - 50 6. Negative
7. ( -3) ´ ( -4 ) = 12, 8. Positive 9. (i) False (ii) True (iii) True (iv) True
10.
X 9 8 7 0 –7 –8 –9
9 81 72 63 0 –63 –72 –81
8 72 64 56 0 –56 –64 –72
7 63 56 49 0 –49 –56 –63
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
–7 –63 –56 –49 0 49 56 63
–8 –72 –64 –56 0 56 64 72
–9 –81 –72 –63 0 63 72 81

2
 (i) Pairs are (9, 0); (8, 0); (7, 0); (0, 0); ( -7, 0); ( -8, 0); ( -9, 0)
(ii) four times (iii) four times
11.
X –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–3 9 6 3 0 –3 –6 –9
–2 6 4 2 0 –2 –4 –6
–1 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
2 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
3 –9 –6 –3 0 3 6 9

Exercise 1.3
1. (i) 5 ´ ( -3) = ( -3) ´ 5
(ii) ( -18) ´ ( -62) = ( -62) ´ ( -18)
(iii) ( -15) ´ 11 = 11´ ( -15)
(iv) 164 ´ ( -3) = ( -3) ´ 164
2. (i) 15 ´ 110 + 15 ´ 20 = 15 (110 + 20) = 15 ´ 130 = 1950
(ii) 18 ´ ( -4 ) + 18 ´ ( -4 ) = 2 ´ 18 ´ ( -4 ) = - 144
(iii) 32 ´ 16 + 20 ´ ( -5) = 512 - 100 = 412
(iv) -121´ 264 + ( -121) ´ 264
= 2 ´ ( -121) ´ 264 = - 63888
(v) 666 ´ 222 + ( -666) ´ 32 + ( -666) ´ 311
= 666 ( 222 - 32 - 311) = 666 ´ ( -121)
= - 80586
(vi) ( -75) ´ 30 + ( -50) ´ 20
= - 2250 - 1000 = - 3250
3. (i) 18 ´ ( -24 ) ´ ( -11) = 4752
(ii) ( -17) ´ ( -4 ) ´ (13) = 884
(iii) ( -25) ´ ( -35) ´ 6 = 5250
(iv) ( -6) ´ ( -4 ) ´ ( -3) = - 72
(v) 9 ´ ( -5) ´ ( -4 ) = 180
(vi) ( -18) ´ ( -10) ´ 9 = 1620
4. (i) (b); (ii) (d); (iii) (a); (iv) (e); (v) (c)
5. Q Weight of an apple = 200 g

3
 \Weight of 42 apples = 42 ´ 200
= 8400 g = 8 kg 400 g
Q Weight of an orange = 150 g
\Weight of 42 oranges = 42 ´ 150
= 6300 g = 6 kg 300 g
6. Temperature fell each day = - 2° C
Temperature fell in a week = ( -2) ´ 7 = - 14° C
Temperature fell by 14°C in a week.
7. Radha’s score = 40 ´ 2 - 10 ´ ( -1)
= 80 - 10 = 70
Her friend’s score = 20 ´ 2 = 40
8. Cost of 6 pens and 4 pencils = Rs. ( 6 ´ 8 + 4 ´ 2)
= Rs. ( 48 + 8) = Rs. 56
9. (i) False (ii) False (iii) False (iv) True (v) True

Exercise 1.4
1. (i) ( -95) ¸ ( -19) = 5 (ii) ( -105) ¸ 5 = - 21
(iii) 56 ¸ ( -14 ) = - 4 (iv) -64 ¸ ( -8) = 8
(v) 0 ¸ ( -95) = 0 (vi) ( -6) ¸ ( -6) = 1
(vii) ( -21) ¸ ( -1) = 21 (vii) ( -48) ¸ 1 = - 48
2. (i) ( -6) ¸ 1 = - 6 (ii) 35 ¸ ( -7) = - 5
(iii) (88) ¸ ( -11) = - 8 (iv) 0 ¸ ( -30) = 0
(v) 310 ¸ ( -310) = - 1 (vi) -56 ¸ 7 = - 8
(vii) ( -10) ¸ ( -1) = 10 (viii) 0 ¸ 10 = 0
3. Cost of 36 samosas = Rs. 180
Cost of 1 samosa = Rs 180 ¸ 36 = Rs. 5
4. Cost of 16 bags apples = Rs. 5600
5600
Cost of 1 bag apples = Rs.
16
Number of apples in one bag = 70
5600
So cost of 70 apples = Rs.
6
5600
Cost of 1 apple = Rs. = Rs. 5
16 ´ 70
5. Product of two number = - 306
On other number = - 306 ¸ 18 = -17

4
 6. (i) Let incorrect answer attempt by Rakesh
So, 12 ´ 5 + x( -2) = 60
2x = 60 - 60 = 0
x = 0 [Ans. 0]
So, he did not attempted incorrect question.
(ii) Let Anjali attempt x incorrect question
11´ 5 + x( -2) = 45
2x = 55 - 45 = 10
x=5
She attempt 5 incorrected questions.
7. Required integer = 196 ¸ ( -7) = - 28
8. Number of radios whose cost is Rs. 600 each in Rs. 11400
11400
= = 19
600
9. (i) 30 ´ 5 + x ´ ( -4 ) = 102
or 5x = 150 - 102 = 48
48
x= = 12
4
So, he sold 12 pens.
(ii) 40 ´ 5 + x( -4 ) = 0
or 4x = 40 ´ 5
40 ´ 5
x= = 50
4
So, he sold 50 pens.
-630
10. Required integer = = 18
-35
11. (i)F (ii) F (iii) T (iv) F (iv) T (vi) T

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (a)
13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (b)

Mental Maths Corner

1. -9° C 2. Commutative property
3. A negative integer 4. Zero
5. Positive integer 6. 1 7. Negative
1
8. Left side 9. 5 10. -
17

5
 2 Fractions
Exercise-2.1
3 18 3 2 16 7
1. (i) 6 ´ = = 3 (ii) 8 ´ = = 1
5 5 5 9 9 9
1 2
(iii) ´ 21 = 3 (iv) ´ 35 = 14
7 5
2 9 3 18 144 4
(v) 56 ´ 1 = 56 ´ = 72 (vi) 3 ´ 8 = ´ 8 = = 28
7 7 5 5 5 5
2 20 80 2
(vii) 12 ´ 2 = 12 ´ = = 26
9 9 3 3
1 37 296 2
(viii) 24 ´ 4 = 24 ´ = = 98
9 9 3 3
1 7 2 37
(ix) 2 ´ 0 = ´ 0 = 0 (x) 0 ´ 7 = 0 ´ =0
2 3 3 5
3 4 12 8 15 5
2. (i) ´ = (ii) ´ =
7 9 63 9 16 6
16 21 1 24 42 49
(iii) ´ = (iv) ´ =
35 48 5 49 51 119
16 3 16 18 32 2
(v) ´ 3 = ´ = =6
9 5 9 5 5 5
3 7
(vi) 20 ´ 1 = 20 ´ = 35
4 4
1 3 16 27
(vii) 5 ´ 3 = ´ = 18
3 8 3 8
4 5 49 33 77 2
(viii) 5 ´ 4 = ´ = = 25
9 7 9 7 3 3
1 2 16 12
(ix) 3 ´ 2 = ´ =8
3 5 3 5
4 5 39 5 15 1
(x) 5 ´ = ´ = =2
7 3 7 13 7 7
3 16 4 1 1 6 1
3. (i) ´ = =1 (ii) ´ =
4 9 3 3 6 7 7
9 2 9 14 3 1
(iii) ´4 = ´ = =1
28 3 28 3 2 2
2 1 2 13 13 1
(iv) ´ 3 = ´ = =2
3 4 3 4 6 6

6
 1 2 10 17 34 1 2 3 68 24
(v) 3 ´ 3 = ´ = = 11 (vi) 22 ´ 3 = ´ = 72
3 5 3 5 3 3 3 7 3 7
2 3 56 3 1 1 3 1 1
(vii) 18 ´ = ´ = 7 (viii) 1 ´ = ´ =
3 8 3 8 2 3 2 3 2
3 4 1 4
4. (i) ´ ´ =
7 9 5 105
12 1 121 12 17 121 187
(ii) ´1 ´ = ´ ´ =
11 16 144 11 16 144 192
3 1 1 3 4 25 5 1
(iii) ´ 1 ´ 3 = ´ ´ = =2
5 3 8 5 3 8 2 2
3 15 1 23 15 121 253 1
(iv) 4 ´ ´ 20 = ´ ´ = = 63
5 22 6 5 22 6 4 4
1 3 4 3 3 4
(v) 24 ´ 1 ´ ´ = 24 ´ ´ ´
2 8 5 2 8 5
54 4
= = 10
5 5
2 4 2 8 14 9
(vi) 2 ´ 2 ´ 1 ´ 28 = ´ ´ ´ 28
3 5 7 3 5 7
1344 4
= = 268
5 5
4 1 3 1
(vii) ´ 1 ´ 7 ´ 5 ´ 25
7 13 5 5
4 14 38 26
= ´ ´ ´ ´ 25
7 13 5 5
= 4 ´ 2 ´ 38 ´ 2 = 608
5 1 1 5
5. (i) 5 ´ 2 = 2 ´ 5
6 7 7 6
35 15 15 35
Þ ´ = ´
6 7 7 6
525 525
Þ =
42 42
Hence, LHS = RHS
æ1 2ö 3 1 æ 2 3ö
(ii) ç ´ 2 ÷ ´ 3 = ´ ç 2 ´ 3 ÷
è4 7ø 8 4 è 7 8ø
æ 1 16 ö 27 1 æ 16 27 ö
Þ ç ´ ÷´ = ´ç ´ ÷
è4 7 ø 8 4 è 7 8ø
16 27 1 54
Þ ´ = ´
28 8 4 7

7
 54 54
Þ =
28 28
Hence, LHS = RHS
1 æ 2 1ö 1 2 1 1
(iii) 5 ´ ç 1 + 2 ÷ = 5 ´ 1 + 5 ´ 2
4 è 3 3ø 4 3 4 3
21 æ 5 7 ö 21 5 21 7
Þ ´ç + ÷= ´ + ´
4 è 3 3ø 4 3 4 3
21 5 + 7 105 147
Þ ´ = +
4 3 12 12
21 12 252
Þ ´ =
4 3 12
Þ 21 = 21
Hence LHS = RHS
1 æ 5 1ö 1 5 1 1
(iv) 3 ´ ç 3 - 2 ÷ = 3 ´ 3 - 3 ´ 2
4 è 6 3ø 4 6 4 3
13 æ 23 7 ö 13 23 13 7
´ç - ÷= ´ - ´
4 è 6 3ø 4 6 4 3
13 æ 23 - 14 ö 299 - 182
´ç ÷=
4 è 6 ø 24
117 117
=
24 24
Hence, LHS = RHS
2 æ 3 5 ö 5 æ 11 23 ö
6. (i) 1 ´ ç 2 + 3 ÷ = ´ ç + ÷
3 è 4 6ø 3 è 4 6ø
5 æ 33 + 46 ö 5 79 395 35
= ´ç ÷= ´ = = 10
3 è 12 ø 3 12 36 36
1 1 1 2 4 9 13 28
(ii) 1 ´ 4 + 3 ´ 2 = ´ + ´
3 2 4 13 3 2 4 13
= 6 + 7 = 13
æ 1 1ö æ 1 1 ö æ 7 13 ö æ 11 7 ö
(iii) ç 3 + 4 ÷ ´ ç 5 - 3 ÷ = ç + ÷ ´ ç - ÷
è 2 3 ø è 2 2ø è 2 3 ø è 2 2ø
æ 21 + 26 ö æ 11 - 7 ö 47 4 94 2
=ç ÷´ ç ÷= ´ = = 15
è 6 ø è 2 ø 6 2 6 3
2 æ 2 4 ö 17 æ 6 - 4 ö 17 2 34
(iv) 3 ç - ÷ = ç ÷= ´ =
5 è 3 9 ø 5 è 9 ø 5 9 45
3 1 128 37
7. Area = 25 ´ 9 = ´
5 4 5 4

8
 1184 4
= = 236 m 2
5 5
3 1
8. Distance cover = 3 ´ 5
4 2
15 11 165 5
= ´ = = 20 m
4 2 8 8
1
9. Rahul had chocolate = 20 ´ = 5 chocolates
4
6 1 370
10. Half tank can contain water = 52 ´ =
7 2 147
185 3
= = 26 litres
7 7
1 2
11. Budget for water harvesting = Rs. 83 ´ crore
3 5
250 2 100
= Rs. ´ crore = Rs. crore
3 5 3
1
= Rs. 33 crore
3
3 88
12. Cost of 1 m cloth = Rs. 17 = Rs.
5 5
1 88 1 88 25
Cost of 6 m cloth = Rs. ´ 6 = Rs. ´
4 5 4 5 4
= Rs. 110
1 25
13. A bucket can contain water = 12 l = l
2 2
1 25 1
2 buckets can contain water = ´ 2
2 2 2
25 5 125
= ´ = l
2 2 4
1
= 31 l
4
1 1
14. Cost of 1 kg sugar = ` 20 = ` 41 l
2 4
1 41 21
Cost of 10 kg sugar = ` ´
2 2 2
861 1
=` = ` 215
4 4

9
 Exercise-2.2
3 11 1
1. (i) ´ =1 (ii) 17 ´ =1
11 3 17
63 25 1
(iii) ´ =1 (iv) ´ 8 = 1
25 63 8
17 5 4 3
(v) ´ =1 (vi) ´ 4 = 1
5 17 19 4
4 5 4 11 10 11
2. (i) ´ = (ii) ´ =
5 4 4 10 11 11
8 9 72 10 11 110
(iii) ´ = (iv) ´ = =1
9 8 72 11 10 110
1 1 1 7 61 3
3. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
2 7 12 3 31 8

Exercise-2.3
15 15 1 3 2 2 1 2
1. (i) ¸5= ´ = (ii) ¸ 7 = ´ =
17 17 5 17 5 5 7 35
3 2 21 16 48 6
(iii) 3 ¸ = 3 ´ = 2 (iv) 9 ¸ = 9´ = =6
2 3 16 21 7 7
2 17 1 17
(v) 3 ¸ 12 = ´ =
5 5 12 60
5 13 8
(vi) 26 ¸ 1 = 26 ¸ = 26 ´ = 16
8 8 13
13 8 13 9 13
2. (i) ¸ = ´ =
27 9 27 8 24
9 1 9 9 4
(ii) ¸ = ´ 7 = =1
35 7 35 5 5
1 9 51 13 17 ´ 13 221 5
(iii) 25 ¸ = ´ = = = 36
2 13 2 9 2´ 3 6 6
15 6 15 61 915 189
(iv) ¸5 = ´ = =3
22 11 22 11 242 242
3 1 31 31 31 10 10 3
(v) 4 ¸ 3 = ¸ = ´ = =1
7 10 7 10 7 31 7 7
7 3 52 13 52 5 4 1
(vi) 3 ¸ 2 = ¸ = ´ = =1
15 5 15 5 15 13 3 3
2 42
3. Cost of 1 chocolate = ` 8 = `
3 5

10
 42
In Rs. 84 chocolates can be bought = ` 84 ¸
5
5
= 84 ´ = 10
42
5 2 95 20
4. Required number = 15 ¸ 6 = ¸
6 3 6 3
95 3 19 3
= ´ = =2
6 20 8 8
4 7 4 17 68 5
5. Required number = ¸ = ´ = =1
9 17 9 7 63 63
3 1
6. Cost of 1 kg sugar = ` 214 ¸ 7
4 2
859 15 859 2
=` ¸ =` ´
4 2 4 15
859 19
=` = ` 28
30 30
1 1
7. Cost of 1 kg tomatoes = ` 194 ¸ 8
4 4
777 33 777 4
=` ¸ = ´
4 4 4 33
777 18
=` = ` 23
33 33
3 777 3 777 11
Cost of 2 kg tomatoes = ` ´2 =` ´
4 33 4 33 4
777 259
=` =`
12 4
3
= ` 64
4
8. Let the total distance = x
4
of x = 40
5
4 5
or x = 40 ¸ = 40 ´ = 50 km
5 4
1 1
9. Number of jars = 28 ¸ 2
8 4
225 9 225 8
= ¸ = ´
8 8 8 9
225
= = 25
9

11
10. Cost of 1 m lace
3 1 923 13
= ` 115 ¸ 6 = ` ¸
8 2 8 2
923 2 71 3
=` ´ =` = ` 17
8 13 4 4
11. Let the number of students = x
4 3
Part of the girls in school = 1 - =
7 7
3
of x = 210
7
3 7
x = 210 ¸ = 210 ´ = 490
7 3
Number of boys = 490 - 210 = 280
4 5
12. Required number = 24 ¸ = 24 ´ = 30
5 4
1 1
13. Cost of 1 m cloth = ` 245 ¸ 18
8 2
1961 37 1961 2
=` ¸ =` ´
8 2 8 37
53 1
=` = 13
4 4
1
Cost of 26 m cloth
2
1 1 53 53
= ` 13 ´ 26 = ` ´
4 2 4 2
53 2809 1
=` ´ = ` 351
4 8 8

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)

Mental Maths Corner

1. Fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator is called proper
fraction
5
2.
13
3. Fraction whose numerator is more than its denominator is called
improper fraction

12
 1
4. 6 times of will make a whole
6
5. No. it will be an improper fraction 6. 1 day
7. A combination of a whole number and a proper fraction is called a
mixed fraction

3 Rational Numbers
Exercise-3.1
2
1. (i) ;
5 0 1 2 3 4 1
5 5 5 5
5
(ii) ;
7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1
7 7 7 7 7 7
13 1
(iii) =4 ;
3 3 0 1 2 3 4 13 14 5
3 3
-3
(iv) ;
8 –1 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
-12 2
(v) = -2 ;
5 5 –3 –14 –13 –12 –11 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
5 5 5 5
-3
(vi) ;
5 –1 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
5 5 5 5
2
(vii) ;
9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
23 3
(viii) = -5 ;
-4 4

–6 –23–22–21 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
4 4 4
1 8
(ix) 1 =
7 7 0 1 8 9 10 1112 13 2
7 7 7 7 7 7

13
 11 1
(x) =2 ; 0 1 2 11 12 13 14 3
5 5 5 5 5 5

-16 2
(xi) = -2 ;
7 7 –3 –16 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
7
11 3
(xii) - = -2 ;
4 4 –3 –11 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
4
3 -7 -8 4
2. , , , are rational numbers
1 5 1 -1
-2 7 -8 -9 10 15 36 41
3. , , , , , ,
1 1 1, 1 1 1 1 1
4. (i) 7 (ii) -11 (iii) 15 (iv) -11 (v) 5 (vi) 6
5. (i) 5 (ii) -13 (iii) -18 (iv) 9 (v) -64 (vi) -18
7 -1 -7 -13 -1 13
6. (i) ´ = (ii) ´ =
-9 -1 9 -17 -1 17
7 -1 -7 7 -1 -7
(iii) ´ = (iv) ´ =
-19 -1 19 -126 -1 126
-230 -1 230 8 -1 -8
(v) ´ = (vi) ´ =
-93 -1 93 -18 -1 18
7. (i) Negative (ii) Positive (iii) Positive (iv) Negative (v) Negative (vi)
Positive
-4 2 -8 -4 3 -12 -4 4 -16
8. (i) ´ = ; ´ = ; ´ =
9 2 18 9 3 27 9 4 36
11 2 22 11 3 33 11 4 44
(ii) ´ = ; ´ = ; ´ =
-15 2 -30 -15 3 -45 -15 4 -60
3 2 6 3 3 9 3 4 12
(iii) ´ = ; ´ = ; ´ =
-8 2 -16 -8 3 -24 -8 4 -32
6 2 12 6 3 18 6 4 24
(iv) ´ = ; ´ = ; ´ =
13 2 26 13 3 39 13 4 52
-3 2 -6 -3 3 -9 -3 4 -12
(v) ´ = ; ´ = ; ´ =
5 2 10 5 3 15 5 4 20
-12 2 -24 -12 3 -36 -12 4 -48
(vi) ´ = ; ´ = ; ´ =
17 2 34 17 3 51 17 4 68
-4 6 -24 -4 4 -16
9. (i) ´ = (ii) ´ =
9 6 54 9 4 36

14
 -4 5 20 -4 -7 28
(iii) ´ = (iv) ´ =
9 -5 -45 9 -7 -63
7 -3 -21 7 4 28
10. (i) ´ = (ii) ´ =
9 -3 -27 9 4 36
7 2 14 7 -5 -35
(iii) ´ = (iv) ´ =
9 2 18 9 -5 -45
68
11. (i) ; H.C.F. of 68 and 120 is 4
-120
68 ¸ 4 17
=
-120 ¸ 4 -30
234
(ii) ; H.C.F. of 234 and 468 is 234
-468
234 ¸ 234 1
=
-468 ¸ 234 -2
-87
(iii) ; H.C.F. of 87 and 216 is 3
316
-87 ¸ 3 -29
=
216 ¸ 3 72
-135
(iv) ; H.C.F. of 135 and 945 is 135
-945
-135 ¸ - 135 1
=
-945 ¸ - 135 7
21
(v) ; H.C.F. of 21 and 70 is 7
-70
21 ¸ 7 3
=
-70 ¸ 7 -7
18
(vi) ; H.C.F. of 18 and 42 is 6
-42
18 ¸ 6 3
=
-42 ¸ 6 -7
3 3 ¸ 13 1 3 -1
12. (i) = = So, ¹ ; Not equivalent
12 12 ¸ 3 4 12 4
-15 ¸ 3 -5 -5 -15
(ii) = So =
21 ¸ 3 7 7 21
-16 ¸ - 4 4 4 -16
(iii) = =
-36 ¸ - 4 9 9 -36

15
 8 5
(iv) ¹ ; Not equivalent
13 -16
4 ¸ 4 1 6¸ 6 1 4 6
(v) = ; = So =
12 ¸ 4 3 18 ¸ 6 3 12 18
-39 ¸ - 3 13 13 -39
(vi) = So =
21 ¸ - 3 -7 -7 21
3 x 3
13. (i) = , So x = ´ 42 = 18
7 42 7
6 x 6
(ii) = , So x = ´ - 65 = - 30
13 -65 13
5 x 5
(iii) = , So x = ´ 24 = - 10
-12 24 -12
32 32
(iv) = - 4, So x = - = - 8
x 4
17 x 17
(v) - = , So x = - ´ 26 = 34
13 26 13
5 -23 2 22
14. (i) -3 = (ii) 4 =
6 6 5 5
12 -60 48 -8 -48 72
15. (i) - = = (ii) = =
7 35 -28 9 54 -81
3 7 6 3 7 11
16. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
8 10 13 5 9 25
7 5
17. (i) ,
8 6
7 ´ 6 = 42 and 5 ´ 8 = 40 Q42 > 40
7 5
So \ >
8 6
6 -5
(ii) , ; 5´ 7 = 35 and 8´ 6 = 48 Q35 < 48
7 -8
-5 6
So \ <
8 7
-3 2 -3 -2
(iii) , ,
4 -3 4 3
-3 ´ 3 = - 9 and - 2 ´ 4 = - 8
-3 -2
Q -9 < - 8 \ <
4 3
1 1 -1 -1
(iv) , , -1´ 4 = - 4 and -1 ´ 3 = - 3
-3 -4 3 4

16
 1 1
Q -4 < - 3 \ <
-3 - 4
5 2 -5 2 -5 2
(v) , = , < (as negative rational
-8 3 8 3 8 3
number is always less than positive rational number)
2 -5 -5 2
(vi) , <
3 6 6 3
5 -5 -6 5 -6 -7
18. (i) < (ii) < (iii) >
-7 8 11 8 15 9
5 -6 3 7 -3 8
(iv) < (v) > (vi) >
-8 13 5 12 -7 -6
6 -8 4 2
19. (i) - , ,
21 12, -9 9
L.C.M. of 9, 12, 21 is 252
-6 ´ 12 -72 -8 ´ 21 -168
= ; = ;
21´ 12 252 12 ´ 21 252
4 ´ - 28 -112 2 ´ 28 56
= ; =
-9 ´ - 28 252 9 ´ 28 252
In ascending order
168 -112 72 56 -8 4 -6 2
- ; ,- , or , , ,
252 252 252 256 12 -9 21 9
7 5 1 -13
(ii) , , ,
10 8 -2 16
L.C.M. of 2, 8, 10, 16 is 80
7 ´ 8 56 5 ´ 10 50
= ; = ;
10 ´ 8 80 8 ´ 10 80
1´ - 40 -40 -13 ´ 5 -65
= ; =
-2 ´ - 40 80 16 ´ 5 80
In ascending order
-65 -40 50 56 -13 1 7 5
, , , or , ,
80 80 80 80 16 -2 10, 8
3 -1 3 -5
(iii) , , ,
-8 2 4 12
L.C.M. of 2, 4, 8, 12 is 24
3 ´ - 3 -9 -1´ 12 -12
= ; = ;
-8 ´ - 3 24 2 ´ 12 24

17
 3 ´ 6 18 -5 ´ 2 -10
= ; =
4 ´ 6 24 12 ´ 2 24
In ascending order
-12 -10 -9 18 -1 -5 3 3
, , , or , , ,
24 24 24 24 2 12 -8 4
7 3 11 -1
(iv) , ,
10 5 30, 15
L.C.M. of 5, 10, 15, 30 is 30
7 ´ 3 21 3 ´ 6 18 -1´ 2 -2
= ; = ; =
10 ´ 3 30 5 ´ 6 30 15 ´ 2 30
In ascending order
-2 11 18 21 -1 11 3 7
, , , or , , ,
30 30 30 30 15 30 5 10
-3 -1 1 -2
20. (i) , , ,
5 4 12 5
L.C.M. of 3, 4, 5 and 12 is 60
-3 ´ 12 -36 -1´ 15 -15
= ; = ;
5 ´ 12 60 4 ´ 15 60
1´ 5 5 -2 ´ 12 -24
= ; =
12 ´ 5 60 5 ´ 12 60
In ascending order
5 -15 -24 -36 1 -1 -2 -3
, , , or , , ,
60 60 60 60 12 4 5 5
-5 4 -15 2
(ii) , ,
-18 -9 -27 -15
L.C.M. of 9, 15, 18 and 27 is 270
-5 ´ 15 75 4 ´ - 39 -120
= ; =
-18 ´ 15 260 -9 ´ - 30 270
-15 ´ 10 150 2 ´ - 18 -36
= ; =
-27 ´ 10 270 -15 ´ - 18 270
In descending order
150 75 -36 -120 -15 -5 2 4
, , , or , ,
270 270 270 270 -27 -18 -15 -9
11 -7 5 -8
(iii) , , ,
6 8 -16 -18
L.C.M. of 6, 8, 16 and 18 is 144

18
 11´ 8 88 -7 ´ 6 -42 5 ´ - 3 -15
= ; = ; = ;
6 ´ 8 48 8 ´ 6 48 -16 ´ - 3 48
11´ 24 264 -7 ´ 18 -126
= ; = ;
6 ´ 24 144 8 ´ 18 144
5´ -9 -45 -8 ´ 8 64
= ; =
-16 ´ - 9 144 -18 ´ 8 144
In descending order
264 64 -45 -126 11 -8 5 -7
, , , or , , ,
144 144 144 144 6 -18 -16 8
-3 5 -1 13
(iv) , , ,
2 6 2 -14
L.C.M. of 2, 6 and 14 = 42
-3 ´ 21 -63 5 ´ 7 35
= ; = ;
2 ´ 21 42 6 ´ 7 42
-1´ 21 -21 13 ´ - 3 -39
= ; =
2 ´ 21 42 -14 ´ - 3 42
In descending order
35 -21 -39 -63 5 -1 13 -3
, , , or , ,
42 42 42 42 6 2 -14, 2
21. (i) F (ii) F (iii) T (iv) T (v) T (vi) F (viii) T (ix) F (x) T (xi) F (xii) F
(xiii) F

Exercise-3.2
5 7 5 + 7 12
1. (i) + = = =2
6 6 6 6
-12 3 -12 + 3 -9 2
(ii) + = = = -1
7 7 7 7 7
-11 17 -11 + 17 6 2
(iii) + = = =
9 9 9 9 3
9 5 9 + 5 14 7
(iv) + = = =
24 24 24 24 12
-36 -7 -36 - 7 -43 13
(v) + = = = -2
15 15 15 15 15
-15 -12 -15 - 12 -27 10
(vi) + = = = -1
17 17 17 17 17
9 5 8´ 3 + 5´ 4
2. (i) + =
24 18 72

19
 27 + 20 47
= =
72 72
-36 -7 -36 ´ 4 + ( -7) ´ 5
(ii) + =
15 12 60
-144 - 35 -179 59
= = = -2
60 60 60
4 -8 -4 ´ 5 + ( -8 ) ´ 3
(iii) + =
-9 15 45
-20 - 24 -44
= =
45 45
-7 -3 -7 ´ 4 + ( -3 ) ´ 1
(iv) + =
5 20 20
-28 - 3 -31 11
= = = -1
20 20 20
16 -5 16 ´ - 3 + ( -5) ´ 7
(v) + =
-21 9 63
-48 - 35 -83 20
= = = -1
63 63 63
-11 -9 -11´ 2 + ( -9) ´ 7
(vi) + =
49 14 98
-22 - 63 -85
= =
98 98
11 5 3 11´ 2 + 5 ´ 3 + 3 ´ 6
3. (i) + + =
12 8 4 24
22 + 15 + 18 55 7
= = =2
24 24 24
2 3 -9 2 ´ 8 + 3 ´ ( -6 ) + ( -9 ) ´ 3
(ii) + + =
3 -4 8 24
16 - 18 - 27 -29 5
= = = -1
24 24 24
11 14 ( -4 ) 11´ 7 + 14 ´ 6 + ( -4 ) ´ 42
(iii) + + =
18 21 3 126
77 + 84 - 168 -7 -1
= = =
126 126 18
-5 2 -4 -5 + 2 ´ 2 + ( -4 ) ´ 2
(iv) + + =
6 3 3 6
-5 + 4 - 8 -9 -3 1
= = = = -1
6 6 2 2

20
 16 5 -7
(v) + +
9 -12 18
16 ´ 4 + 5 ´ ( -3) + ( -7) ´ 2
=
36
64 - 15 - 14 64 - 29 35
= =
36 36 36
4 -1 3
(vi) + +
5 10 5
4 ´ 2 + ( -1) + 3 ´ 2 8 - 1 + 6 13 3
= = = = 10
10 10 10 10
12 11 -2 -25 -41 -11
4. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
19 38 5 64 55 17
33 55
5. (i) -
9 12
33 ´ 4 - 55 ´ 3 132 - 165 -33
= = =
36 36 36
-17 1 -17 - 1 -18
(ii) - = = = -1
18 18 18 18
2 6
(iii) -
21 7
2 - 6 ´ 3 2 - 18 -16
= = =
21 21 21
-2 -5
(iv) -
7 14
-2 ´ 2 + 5 -4 + 5 1
= =
14 14 14
-12 -15 -12 + 15 3
(v) - = =
17 17 17 17
-8 -8 - 4 ´ 3
(vi) -4=
3 3
-8 - 12 -20 2
= = = -6
3 3 3
3 -1 -2
6. (i) + +
5 10 15
3 ´ 6 + ( -1) ´ 3 + ( -2) ´ 2
=
30
18 - 3 - 4 11
= =
30 30

21
 -1 5
(ii) + -3
16 8
-1 + 5 ´ 2 - 3 ´ 16 -1 + 10 - 48 -39 7
= = = = -2
16 16 16 16
4 -7 -2
(iii) + +
9 12 3
4 ´ 4 + ( -7) ´ 3 + ( -2) ´ 12 16 - 21 - 24
= =
36 36
16 - 45 -29
= =
36 36
-3 -3 -5
(iv) - -
7 8 28
-3 ´ 8 - ( -3) ´ 7 - ( -5) ´ 2 -24 + 21 + 10
= =
56 56
7 1
= =
56 8
7 5 2
(v) - -
9 21 7
7 ´ 7 - 5 ´ 3 - 2 ´ 9 49 - 15 - 18
= =
63 63
49 - 33 16
= =
63 63
3 1
(vi) - -2
15 9
3 ´ 3 - 1´ 5 - 2 ´ 45 9 - 5 - 90
= =
45 45
-86 41
= = -1
45 56
5 -3 10 + 9 19
7. Required number = - = =
12 8 24 24
-4 5
8. Required rational number = -
19 6
-24 - 95 -119 5
= = = -1
114 114 114
2 -3 2 -3 4 - 9 -5
9. Sum of and = + = =
3 2 3 2 6 6
-5 4 -5 4 -5 + 8 3 1
Sum of and = + = = =
6 3 6 3 6 6 2

22
 1 -5 1 -5 3 + 5
Difference of and = - =
2 6 2 6 6
8 4 1
= = =1
6 3 3
10. Required rational number
-15 -57 + 15 -42 4
= -3 - = = = -2
19 19 19 19
11. Required rational number
3 5 6-5 1
= - = =
7 14 14 14
-5 -7
12. Required rational number = -
2 3
-15 + 14 -1
= =
6 6
2
13. Required number = - 1 -
9
-9 - 2 -11
= =
9 9
-4 3 -4 3 -8 + 15 7
14. Sum of and = + = =
5 2 5 2 10 10
5 7 5 7 50 - 21 29
Difference of and = - = =
3 10 3 10 30 30
-2 -13
15. Required number = -
3 7
-14 + 39 25 4
= = =1
21 21 21

Exercise-3.3
3 -7 7
1. (i) 0 ´ = 0 (ii) -1´ =
4 9 9
-3 -3 -4
(iii) 1´ = (iv) 12 ´ = -6
5 5 8
6 72 2 3 -9 -27
(v) ´ 24 = = 10 (vi) ´ =
14 7 7 7 11 77
4 5 5 16 12 2
2. (i) ´ = (ii) ´ =
7 32 56 -24 36 9
-35 18 -9 9 1
(iii) ´ = 21 (iv) -21´ = =4
6 -5 42 2 2

23
 -25 -24 -64 -1 4
(v) ´ =5 (vi) ´ =
8 15 13 48 39
æ 6 -22 ö æ 26 -10 ö -4 -4
3. (i) ç ´ ÷ -ç ´ ÷= -
è 55 9 ø è 125 39 ø 15 75
-20 + 4 -16
= =
75 75
æ 9 - 8 ö æ - 14 - 12 ö - 1 8
(ii) ç ´ ÷ -ç ´ ÷= -
è 16 45 ø è 27 7 ø 10 9
-9 - 80 -89
= =
90 90
æ 8 -3 ö æ -3 11 ö -12 33
(iii) ç ´ ÷+ç ´ ÷= +
è 5 2 ø è 10 -8 ø 5 80
-192 + 33 -159 79
= = = -1
80 80 80
æ 1 5 ö æ 1 3ö 2 + 5 3 + 3
4. (i) ç + ÷ ´ ç + ÷ = ´
è 2 4 ø è 2 6ø 4 6
7 7
= ´ 1=
4 4
æ -7 2 ö æ 11 5 ö -7 + 8 11 - 10
(ii) ç + ÷´ ç - ÷ = ´
è 12 3 ø è 16 8 ø 12 16
1 1 1
= ´ =
12 16 192
æ2 6 4 ö æ4 9 3ö
(iii) ç - + ÷´ ç - + ÷
è 7 14 21 ø è 5 25 10 ø
æ 12 - 18 + 8 ö æ 40 - 18 + 15 ö
=ç ÷´ ç ÷
è 42 ø è 50 ø
2 37 37
= ´ =
42 50 1050
22 5 45 13 102 41
5. (i) = -1 (ii) = -1 (iii) =1
-17 17 -32 32 61 61
-197 1 -12 2 -1
(iv) = -2 (v) = -2 (vi) -9 =
98 98 5 5 9
10 23 -23 10
(vii) Reciprocal of ´ = ´ = -1
-23 10 10 23
-5 9 1 3
(viii) Reciprocal of ´ -3 = ´ =
9 -5 -3 5
6. No

24
 Exercise-3.4
25 15 25 39 5 2 -8 -4 -8 15
1. (i) ¸ = ´ = =1 (ii) ¸ = ´ =2
39 39 39 15 3 3 15 15 15 -4
3 15 3 25 1
(iii) ¸ = ´ =
25 25 25 15 5
3 -8
(iv) -12 ¸ = - 12 ´ = - 4 ´ - 8 = 32
-8 3
-5 90 -5 55 -5
(v) ¸ = ´ =
11 55 11 90 18
9 -63 9 72 72 72
(vi) ¸ = ´ = =
23 62 23 -63 23´ -7 -161
5 -15 5 22 2
2. (i) ¸ = ´ =
11 22 11 -15 -3
-48 72 -48 -35 10
(ii) ¸ = ´ =
49 -35 49 72 21
3 18 5 -5 2
(iii) -6 ¸ 3 = - 6 ¸ = -6´ = = -1
5 5 18 3 3
14 126 14 -105 -105 -35
(iv) ¸ = ´ = =
17 -105 17 126 153 51
-25 -175 -25 160 -5
(v) ¸ = ´ =
32 160 32 175 7
-11 22 -11 9 -1
(vi) ¸ = ´ =
18 9 18 22 4
-110 æ 7 5 ö -110 11´ 12
3. (i) ¸ç ´ ÷= ´
21 è 11 12 ø 21 7´ 5
-968 37
= = - 19
49 49
æ 13 39 ö - 3 æ 13 42 ö - 3
(ii) ç ¸ ÷ ´ =ç ´ ÷´
è 21 42 ø 5 è 21 39 ø 5
13 ´ 42 ´ - 3 -2
= =
21´ 39 ´ 5 5
æ 3 ö éæ 5 -4 ö 8 ù
(iii) ç ÷ ´ êç ´ ÷¸ ú
è -4 ø ëè 9 7 ø 27 û
3 é 5 ´ - 4 -27 ù 3 -5 -3 -45
´ê ´ ú= ´ ´ =
-4 ë 9 ´ 7 28 û -4 7 2 56
7 2 7 9 21
4. (i) ¸ = ´ =
15 9 15 2 10

25
 -15 2 -2 -15 5
(ii) ¸ = ; ´ =
22 3 3 22 11
-15 20 15 39 -9
(iii) ¸ = ; = ´ =
13 39 13 20 4
33 11 7 9 7 9 3
(iv) ¸ = -9 (v) ¸ = ; ´ =
7 -21 -3 14 -3 14 -2
5 -35 -5 -35 -5 21 3
(vi) - ¸ = ; ¸ = ´ =
7 21 7 21 7 -35 7

Exercise-3.5
13 ´ 25 325 25 ´ 25 625
1. (i) = = 3.25 (ii) = = 0.625
4 ´ 25 100 40 ´ 25 1000
31´ 2 62
(iii) = = 6.2
5 ´ 2 10
3 0.428... 2´ 2 4 5
(iv) = 0.428 7) 3.0 (v) = = 0.4 (vi) = 0.416
7 5 ´ 2 10 12 0.416....
28
20 12)50
14 48
60 20
56 12
4 80
72
-13 -4 ´ 2 -8 -12 2 8
2. (i) = - 0.928 (ii) = = - 0.8 (iii) = = 0.666
14 5 ´ 2 10 -18 3
14) 13.0 (0.928... 3) 20 (0.666...
126 18
40 20
28 18
120 20
112 18
8 2
-8 -9 -37
(iv) = - 0.3809 (v) = - 0.473 (vi) = - 1.027
21 19 36
21) 8.0 ( 0.3809... 19) 9.000( 0.473... 36)37.00( 1.027...
63 76 36
170 140 100
168 133 72
200 70 280
189 57 252
11 13 28

26
 3
3. (i) = 0.6 ® Terminating decimal
5
9
(ii) = 0.36 ® Terminating decimal
25
3 11)3.00000(0.27...
(iii) = 0.2727 ® K Non-terminating decimal
11 22
80
77
3
2 9)2.000( 0.22...
(iv) = 0.222K ® Non-terminating decimal
9 18
1 20
(v) = 0.2 ® Terminating decimal 18
50 2
7 18)7.000(0.22...
(vi) = 0.388 ® Non-terminating decimal
18 54
9 160
4. (i) 0.9 = 144
10 16
56 14
(ii) 0.56 = =
100 25
358 179 49
(iii) 3.580 = = (iv) 0.049 =
100 50 1000
1175 47 7 135 27
(v) 1.175 = = =1 (vi) 0.135 = =
1000 40 40 1000 200
5. (i) 33.75 + 8.639 - 9.235 = 33.154
33154 16577 77
= = = 33
1000 500 500
10377072
(ii) 56.52 ´ 18.36 = 1037.7072 =
10000
648567 442
= = 1037
625 625
(iii) 6.489 ´ ( 78.35 - 11.35) = 434.763
434763 763
= = 434
1000 1000
-15
6. Required number = - 5 -
36
-180 + 15 -165 7
= = = -4
36 36 12
-3 3
7. Sum ® + =0
7 7

27
 -3 3 -6
Difference ® - =
7 7 7
-6 -6
Now -0=
7 7
7 -9
8. Required number ® -
12 44
77 + 27 104
= =
132 132
-24 -4
9. Required number ® ¸
5 5
-24 3 18 3
= ´ = =3
5 -4 5 5
15 4 15 + 8 23
10. Sum ® + = =
24 12 24 24
23 46 23 39 39 13
¸ = ´ = =
24 39 24 46 48 16
-8 -19
11. 76 ¸ = 76 ´
19 8
-361 1
= = - 180
2 2
-7 -7 1 1
12. ¸ -7 = ´ =
13 13 -7 13
3 5 11
13. Sum ® + =
4 8 8
15 11 34 17
Difference ® - = =
16 48 48 24
11 17 187
Product ® ´ =
8 24 192
36 12 48
14. Sum ® + =
5 5 5
36 12 24
Difference ® - =
5 5 5
48 24 48 5
¸ = ´ =2
5 5 5 24

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (b) 2. (c) and (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11.
(b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (c)

28
 Mental Math Corner
25 2
1. 1 2. 3. 0 4. –1 5. Yes 6. No 7. Not defined 8. 9. Yes
2 7
10. Terminating 11. Zero 12. 1

4 Decimals

Exercise-4.1
1.
(i) 95.6 (ii) 22.3 (iii) 77.4
×7 ×6 × 82
669.2 133.8 1548
6192×
6346.8
(iv) 61.8 (v) 99.1 (vi) 36.7
× 11 ×881 ×221
618 991 367
618× 7928× 734×
679.8 7928×× 734××
87307.1 8110.7
2.
(i) 23.12 (ii) 56.62 (iii) 68.26
×3 ×9 ×26
69.36 509.58 40956
13652×
1774.76
(iv) 32.32 (v) 55.57 (vi) 87.28
×44 ×671 ×122
12928 5557 17456
12928× 38899× 17436×
1422.08 33342×× 8728××
37287.47 10648.16

3.
(i) 7.666 (ii) 51.643 (iii) 14.143
×4 ×8 ×22
30.664 413.144 28286
28286×
311.146

29
 (iv) 28.831 (v) 44.444 (vi) 31.321
× 77 ×333 ×122
201817 133332 62642
201817× 133332× 62642×
2219.987 133332×× 31321××
14799.852 3821.162
4. (i) 6.719 ´ 10 = 67.19 (ii) 13.007 ´ 10 = 130.07
(iii) 34.875 ´ 100 = 3487.5 (iv) 0.015 ´ 100 = 1.5
(v) 0.008 ´ 1000 = 8 (vi) 437.6 ´ 1000 = 437600
(vii) 18.54 ´ 100 = 1854 (viii) 2.968´ 1000 = 2968

Exercise-4.2
1. (i) 0.3 ´ 0.6 = 0.18 (ii) 0.92 ´ 0.8 = 0.736
(iii) 2.8 ´ 0.8 = 2.24
(iv) 22.75 ´ 6.4 = 145.600 or 145.6 (v) 32.62 ´ 83.46 = 2722.4652
2275 3262
×64 × 8346
9100 19572
13650× 13048×
145600 9786××
26096×××
27224652
(vi) 74.71´ 4.63 = 345.9073 (vii) 88.08´ 7.4 = 651792
.
7471 8808
× 463 ×74
22413 35232
44826× 61656×
29884×× 651792
3459073
(viii) 44.6´ 8.404 = 3748184 (ix) 35.009´ 0.790 = 2765711
8404 35009
× 446 × 79
50424 315081
33616× 245063×
33616×× 2765711
3748184
(x) 8.0006 ´ 0.0009 = 0.00720054
2. (i) 0.3 ´ 0.8 ´ 2.4 = 0.576
(ii) 0.56 ´ 0.05 ´ 0.4 = 0.01120
(iii) 0.324 ´ 4.6 ´ 0.7 = 0.324 ´ 3.22 = 1.04328
(iv) 7.13 ´ 0.08 ´ 2.25 = 1.283400 = 1.2834

30
 (v) 0.02 ´ 0.06 ´ 0.08 = 0.000096
(vi) 7.06 ´ 2.2 ´ 0.006 = 7.06 ´ 0.0132
= 0.093192
3. (i) 0.837 ´ 6.2 = 5.1894 (ii) 83.7 ´ 6.2 = 518.94
(iii) 0.837 ´ 0.62 = 0.51894 (iv) 8.37 ´ 62 = 518.94
(v) 83.7 ´ 62 = 5189.4 (vi) 8.37 ´ 0.62 = 5.1894
4. (i) 8.23 ´ 600 = 5761 (ii) 8.23 ´ 70 = 567.1
(iii) 8.23 ´ 0.7 = 5.761 (iv) 8.23 ´ 7000 = 57610
(v) 8.23 ´ 0.07 = 0.5761 (vi) 8.23 ´ 0.007 = 0.05761
5. (i) 0.25 ´ 1.3 = 1.3 ´ 0.25 (ii) 13.6 ´ 0.6 = 0.6´ 13.6
(iii) 1.26 ´ 1 = 1.26 (iv) 2.62 ´ 6.63 = 6.63 ´ 2.62
(v) 3.92 ´ 0 = 0 (vi) 9.7 ´ 4.2 = 4.2 ´ 9.7
6. (i) 2.368 ´ 0.07 = 0.16576 (ii) 0.02368 ´ 0.7 = 0.016576
(iii) 2.368 ´ 7 = 16.576 (iv) 0.2368 ´ 0.7 = 0.16576
(v) 2368 ´ 7 = 16576 (vi) 23.68 ´ 0.7 = 16.576
7. (i) 2.4 ´ 0.47
2.4 ´ (0.4 + 0.07) = 2.4 ´ 0.4 + 2.4 ´ 0.07
= 0.96 + 0.168 = 1.128
(ii) 2.87 ´ 2.17
2.87 ´ (2 + 0.1+ 0.07)
= 2.87 ´ 2 + 2.87 ´ 0.1 + 2.87 ´ 0.07
= 5.74 ´ 0.287 + 0.2009 + 6.2279
(iii) 1.05 ´ 0.98 = 1.05 ´ (1 - 0.02)
= 1.05 ´ 1 - 1.05 ´ 0.02 = 1.05 - 0.0210
= 1.0290
(iv) 9.93 ´ 3.38
= (10 - 0.07) ´ 3.38 = 10 ´ 3.38 - 3.38 ´ 0.07
= 33.8 - 0.2366 = 33.5634
Exercise-4.3
1. (i) 7.2 ¸ 9 = 0.8 (ii) 6.3 ¸ 7 = 0.9

(iii) 3.24 ¸ 4 = 0.81 (iv) 60.72 ¸ 12 = 5.106

4) 3.24 (0.81 12) 60.72 (5.06
32 60
4 72
4 72
× ×

31
 (v) 58.944 ¸ 8 = 7.638 (vi) 82.04 ¸ 14 = 5.86
8) 58.944 (7.368 14) 82.04 (5.86
56 70
29 120
24 112
54 84
48 84
64 ×
64
×
(vii) 1.877 ¸ 25 = 0.07508 (viii) 1125.3 ¸ 11 = 102.3
25)1.877 (0.07508 11) 1125.3 (102.3
175 11
127 25
125 22
200 33
200 33
× ×
2. (i) 7.18 ¸ 10 = .718 (ii) 0.017 ¸ 10 = 0.0017
(iii) 479.23 ¸ 100 = 4.7923 (iv) 0.78 ¸ 100 = 0.0078
(v) 1.673 ¸ 1000 = 0.001673 (vi) 10.101 ¸ 1000 = 0.010101
(vii) 100.32 ¸ 80 = 1.254 (viii) 49.88 ¸ 40 = 1.247
(ix) 20.8 ¸ 500 = 0.0416 (x) 352.8 ¸ 7000 = 0.0504
3. (i) 1.305 ¸ 0.9 = 13.05 ¸ 9 = 1.45
9) 13.05 (1.45
9
40
36
45
45
×
(ii) 2.0484 ¸ 0.18 = 2.4.84 ¸ 18 = 11.38

18) 204.84 (11.38

18
24
18
68
54
144
144
×

32
 (iii) 7.45 ¸ 0.32 = 745 ¸ 32 = 23.8125 (iv) 25.395 ¸ 1.5 = 253.95 ¸ 15
32) 745.0 ( 23.28125 15) 253.95 (16.93
64 15
105 103
96 90
90 139
64 135
260 45
256 45
40 ×
32
80
64
160
160
×
(v) 289.6 ¸ 6.4 (vi) 0.0102 ¸ 1.7
= 2986 ¸ 64 = 45.25 = 0.102 ¸ 17 = 0.006
64) 2896 (45.25 17) 0.102 (0.006
256
336 102
320 ×
160
128
320
320
×
(vii) 0.759 ¸ 0.3 (viii) 2.0484 ¸ 0.18
= 7.59 ¸ 3 = 2.53 = 204.84 ¸ 18 = 11.38
3) 7.59 (2.53 18) 204.84 (11.38
6 18
15 24
15 18
9 68
9 54
× 144
144
×
4. (i) 25 ¸ 0.5 = 250 ¸ 5 = 50
(ii) 36 ¸ 0.06 = 3600 ¸ 6 = 600
(iii) 6.25 ¸ 1.25 = 625 ¸ 125 = 5
(iv) 81 ¸ 0.009 = 81000 ¸ 9 = 9000

33
 (v) 258 ¸ 0.24 = 25800 ¸ 24 = 1075
(vi) 15.39 ¸ 0.03 = 1539 ¸ 3 = 513
5. (i) 21 ¸ 2 = 10.5 (ii) 55 ¸ 8 = 6.875
2) 21.0 ( 10.5 8) 55000 ( 6.875
2 48
10 70
10 64
× 60
56
40
40
×
(iii) 33 ¸ 48 = 0.6875 (iv) 27 ¸ 4 = 6.75
48) 33.000 ( 6.875 4) 27. 00 ( 6.75
288 24
420 30
384 28
360 20
336 20
240 ×
240
×
(v) 45 ¸ 8 = 5.625 (vi) 7 ¸ 16 = 0.4375
8) 45.000 ( 5.625 16) 7.0000 ( 0.4375
40 64
50 60
48 48
20 120
16 112
40 80
40 80
× ×

Exercise-4.4
1. Cost per litres = ` 1122.20 ¸ 15.5 155)11222.0(72.4
1085
= ` 11222 ¸ 155 372
Cost pet litres = ` 72.4 310
2. Distance covered by car in 17 minutes =11.05 km 620
Distance covered by car in 19.5 metres 620
11.05 ×
= ´ 19.5 km
17

34
 215.475
= km = 12.675 km
17
17) 213.475 ( 12.675
17
45
34
114
102
127
119
85
85
×
3. Cloth needs for one shirt = 2.35 m 184
2.35
Cloth needs for 184 shirt = 2.35 ´ 184 m
920
= 432.40 m 552×
4. Cost of 16.5 km potatoes = ` 255.75 368××
165) 5115 (31
255.75 432.40
Cost of 2 kg potatoes = ` ´2 495
16.5 165
511.50 5115 165
=` =` = Rs. 31
16.5 165 ×
5. Thickness of 12 sheet of paper = 2.16 mm 12) 2.16 (0.18
2.16 12
Thickness of 1 sheet of paper = mm 96
12
96
= 0.18 mm ×
6. Product of 18 two number = 9.555
35) 9555 (273
Required number = 9.555 ¸ 0.35 70
= 955.5 ¸ 35 255
= 27.3 245
252) 30996 (123 105
7. Product of two number = 3.0996 252 105
Required number = 3.0996 ¸ 0.252 579 ×
= 3099.6 ¸ 252 = 12.3 504
756
756
×
8. Cloth required to stitch 17 shirts = 316.25 m
316.25
Cloth required to stitch 24 shirts = ´ 24 m
17
7590
= m = 446.47 m
17

35
 316.25 17) 7590.00 (446.47
24 68
126500 79
63250× 68
7590.00 110
102
80
68
120
119
1
1.89 ´ 100 35) 18900 (540
9. Required number of pieces =
0.35 175
18900 140
= = 540
35 140
10. Petrol required of 1 hour journey = 7.96 litres 7.96 ×
Petrol required of 54 hour journey = 7.96 ´ 54 l ×54
3184
= 429.84 l
3980×
11. Weight of a trunk = 27.60 kg 429.84
5 6) 138 (23
Weight of suitcase = ´ 27.60
6 12
138.00 18
= 23 kg 18
6 ×
1 8) 23.000 (2.875
Weight of bag = ´ 23 = 2.875 kg
8 16
Total weight of bag and suitcase 70
= 23 + 2.875 = 25.875 kg 64
41.25 4125 60
12. Number of books = = = 15 56
2.75 275 40
275) 4125 (15 40
275 ×
1375
1375
×
13. Length of rectangle = Area ¸ Breadth = 44.1 ¸ 2.1 21) 441 (21
42
= 441 ¸ 21 = 21
21
Perimeter of rectangle = 2( l + b ) 21
= 2 ´ ( 21 + 2.1) ×
= 2 ´ 23.1
= 46.2 m

36
14. Breadth of rectangle = Area ¸ Length 35) 91.0 (2.6
70
= 9.10¸ 3.5
210
= 91 ¸ 35 210
= 2.6 m ×
15. Number of gas required = 953.25 ¸ 7.75
= 95325 ¸ 775 = 123
775) 95325 (123
775
1782
1550
2325
2325
×

Exercise-4.5
836451 836451
1. (i) kg = 0.836451 kg (ii) hg = 8.36451 hg
1000000 100000
836451 836451
(iii) dag = 83.6451dag (iv) g = 836.451g
10000 1000
836451 836451
(v) dg = 8364.51dg (vi) cg = 83645.1cg
100 10
2. (i) 45.7621 kl; 45.7621´ 1000000 ml = 45762100 ml
(ii) 45.7621´ 1000000 cl = 4576210cl
(iii) 45.7621´ 10000 = 457621dl
(iv) 45.7621´ 1000 l = 45762.1 l
(v) 45.7621´ 100dal = 4576.21dal
(vi) 45.7621´ 10 hl = 457.621 hl
3. 0.54321 km
(i) 0.54321´ 10 h = 5.4321 hm
(ii) 0.54321´ 100 dam = 54.321dam
(iii) 0.54321´ 1000 m = 543.21 m
(iv) 0.54321´ 10000 dm = 5432.1dm
(v) 0.54321´ 100000 cm = 43321cm
(vi) 0.54321´ 1000000 mm = 543210 mm
4. 98.7652 kg
(i) 98.7652 ´ 1000000 mg = 98765200 mg
(ii) 98.7652 ´ 100000 cg = 9876520 cg
(iii) 98.7652 ´ 10000 dg = 987652 dg
(iv) 98.7652 ´ 1000 g = 98765.2dg

37
 (v) 98.7652 ´ 100 dg = 9876.52dag
(vi) 98.7652 ´ 10 hg = 987.652 hg
5. (i) 11 m = 11´ 100 cm = 1100 cm
28
(ii) 28 dam = m = 2.8 m
10
(iii) 627 dm = 627 ¸ 100 dm = 6.27
(iv) 2.5 km = 2.5 ´ 100 dam = 250 dam
5469
(v) 5469 cm = dam = 5.469 dam
1000
15943
(vi) 15943 dm = hm = 15.943 hm
1000
5671
(vii) 5671dag = kg = 56.71 kg
100
(viii) 5.3 dg = 5.3 ´ 100 mg = 530 mg
95
6. (i) 95 g = kg = 0.095 kg
1000
349
(ii) 349 g = kg = 0.349 kg
1000
76324
(iii) 76324 mg = kg = 0.076324 kg
1000000
8541
(iv) 8541cg = kg = 0.08541kg
100000
63245
7. (i) 6324 ml = kl = 0.063245 kl
1000000
63245
(ii) 63245 ml = hl = 0.63245 hl
100000
63245
(iii) 63245 ml = dal = 6.3245dal
10000
63245
(iv) 63245 ml = l = 63.245 l
1000
63245
(v) 63245 ml = dl = 632.45dl
100
63245
(vi) 63245 ml = cl = 6324.5cl
10
45 265.8
8. (i) 45l = kl = 0.045 kl (ii) 265.8 l = kl = 0.2658 kl
1000 1000
4273
(iii) 4273cl = kl = 0.04273 kl
100000

38
 59725
(iv) 59725 ml = kl = 0.059725 kl
1000000
29765
9. (i) 29765 mm = km = 0.029765 km
1000000
29765
(ii) 29765 mm = hm = 0.29765 hm
100000
29765
(iii) 29765 mm = dm = 297.65dm
100
29765
(iv) 29765 mm = m = 29.765 m
1000
29765
(v) 29765 mm = dam = 2.9765dam
10000
29765
(vi) 29765 mm = cm = 2976.5cm
10
500
10. (i) 500cm = km = 0.005 km
100000
57
(ii) 57 m = km = 0.057 km
1000
9315
(iii) 9315dm = km = 0.9315 km
10000
862
(iv) 862dam = km = 8.62 km
100
656
11. (i) 656cg = g = 6g 56 cg
100
6
(ii) 5 kg 6g = 5 kg + kg
1000
= 5 + 0.006 kg = 5.006 kg
æ 35 7 ö
(iii) 8m 35cm 7 mm = ç 8m + m+ m ÷ = 8.357 m
è 100 1000 ø
6253
(iv) 6253cm = m = 62 m 53 cm
100
12. (i) 0.9 km = 0.9 ´ 1000 m = 900 m
(ii) 0.725 m = 0.725 ´ 100cm = 72.5cm
(iii) 97.35 kg = 97.35 ´ 1000g = 97350g
6
(iv) 6 l = kl = 0.006 kl
1000
(v) 0.076 kl = 0.076 ´ 1000 l = 76 l
13. (i) 6 kg 4 hg 3dag 8 g

39
 4 3 8
= 6 kg + kg + kg + kg = 6.438 kg
10 100 1000
(ii) 7 l 4 dl 3cl 4 ml
4 3 4
=7 l + l+ l+ l = 7.434 l
10 100 1000
(iii) 36 kl 7 hl 6 dal and 8 l
7 6 8
= 36 kl + kl + kl + kl = 36.768 kl
10 100 1000
5 3
14. (i) 7 g 5 dg 3 mg = 7 + + g
10 1000
= 7.503 g
5 9
(ii) 5 cg 9 mg = + g = 0.059g
100 1000
25
(iii) 25 dg = g = 2.5 g
10
2 7 6
(iv) 9 g 2 dg 7cg 6 mg = 9 g + g + g+ g
10 100 1000
= 9.276 g
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (a)
12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (b)

Mental Math Corner

1. 75 2. 0.8932 3. 4200 km 4. 5620 5. The fractions which have 10,100,100
etc. in denominators are decimal fraction

5 Exponents (Powers)

Exercise-5.1
4
1. (i) 6 = 6 ´ 6 ´ 6 ´ 6 (ii) 154 = 15 ´ 15 ´ 15 ´ 15
(iii) 84 = 8 ´ 8 ´ 8 ´ 8
2. (i) 103 = 10 ´ 10 ´ 10 = 1000 (ii) 72 = 7 ´ 7 = 49
(iii) 36 = 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 ´ 3 = 729
3. (i) 4 5 ´ 24 = 4 ´ 4 ´ 4 ´ 4 ´ 4 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 = 16384

40
 (ii) 64 ´ 32 = 6 ´ 6 ´ 6 ´ 6 ´ 3 ´ 3 = 11664
(iii) 55 ´ 4 2 = 5 ´ 5 ´ 5 ´ 5 ´ 5 ´ 4 ´ 4 = 50000
4. (i) 135 ¸ 133 = 135 - 3
= 132 = 13 ´ 13 = 169
(ii) 86 ¸ 4 3 = ( 2 ´ 4 ) 6 ¸ 4 3
= 26 ´ 4 6 - 3 = 26 ´ 4 3
= 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 4 ´ 4 ´ 4 = 4096
5. (i) Base = 9, Exponent = 3 (ii) Base = 10 Exponent = 5 (iii) Base = 3,
Exponent = 6 (iv) Base = 35, Exponent = 7
6. (i) ( 23 ´ 32 ´ 13 ) = ( 2 ´ 3 ´ 1) 3
= 2´ 2´ 2´ 3´ 3 = 72
4 6
4 ´4
(ii) = 44 + 6-8
= 4 2 = 4 ´ 4 = 16
48
54 ´ 24 ( 5 ´ 2) 4 104
(iii) = = = 104 - 4 = 100 = 1
4 4 4
10 10 10
5 3
16 æ 16 ö
(iv) = çç ÷÷ ´ 162
3 3
8 ´4 è 8´ 4 ø
162 16 ´ 16
= = = 32
3 2´ 2´ 2
2
2
7. 50 = 50 ´ 50 = 2500
102 = 10 ´ 10 = 100
1002 = 100 ´ 100 = 10000
8. 32 = 9, 33 = 27; 72 = 49, 73 = 343
152 = 225, 153 = 3375; 302 = 900, 303 = 27000
902 = 8100, 903 = 729000
9. (i) 34 (ii) 64 (iii) 93 (iv) 72 ´ 33 ´ 52
10. 343 = 7 ´ 7 ´ 7 = 73

Exercise-5.2
2 3 2+ 3 5
1. (i) 3 ´ 3 = 3 =3 (ii) 4 4 ´ 4 5 = 4 4 + 5
= 49
(iii) 86 ´ 88 = 86 + 8
= 814 (iv) 202 ´ 203 = 202 + 3
= 205
2. (i) 56 ¸ 54 = 56 - 4 = 52 (ii) 159 ¸ 158 = 159 - 8 = 15

41
 (iii) 79 ¸ 77 = 79 - 7 = 72 (iv) 3225 ¸ 3212 = 3225 - 12 = 3213
3. (i) 1911 - 11 = 190 = 1
(ii) 125 ¸ ( 4 ´ 3) 4 = 125 ¸ 125 = 125 - 5 = 120 = 1
(iii) 510 - 6 = 54 = 625
(iv) 88 ¸ 85 + 3
= 88 ¸ 88 = 88 - 8 = 80 = 1
4. (i) ( 82 ) 4 ´ ( 83 ) 4 = 82 ´ 4 ´ 83 ´ 4
= 88 ´ 812 = 88 + 12 = 820
(ii) ( 23 ) 3 ´ ( 24 ) 3 = 23 ´ 3 ´ 24 ´ 3
= 29 + 12 = 221
5. (i) (4 4 ¸ 4 6 ) ´ 4 3 = 4 4 - 6 + 3
=4
8 5 3 8-5-3
(ii) (21 ¸ 21 ) ¸ 21 = 21 = 210 = 1
2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 32
(iii) 25 ¸ 32 = = =1
32 32
(iv) 73 ´ 76 ¸ ( 72 ) 2 = 73 + 6 - ( 2 ´ 2 )
= 79 - 4 = 75 = 7 ´ 7 ´ 7 ´ 7 ´ 7 = 16807

Exercise-5.3
1. (i) 19683 = 10000 + 9000 + 600 + 80 + 3
= 104 + 9 ´ 103 + 6 ´ 102 + 8 ´ 10 + 3 ´ 100
(ii) 412592 = 4 ´ 105 + 1´ 104 + 2 ´ 103 + 5 ´ 102 + 9 ´ 10 + 2 ´ 100
(iii) 8760000 = 8 ´ 106 + 7 ´ 105 + 6 ´ 104
(iv) 543000000 = 5 ´ 108 + 4 ´ 107 + 3 ´ 106
(v) 3000000 = 3 ´ 106
(vi) 89290000000 = 8 ´ 1010 + 9 ´ 109 + 2 ´ 109 + 9 ´ 107
2. (i) 2806396 (ii) 30062945
(iii) 908083547 (iv) 765043212
(v) 400697 (vi) 674689
3. (i) 4.2683 ´ 1010 (ii) 2.59 ´ 105
(iii) 3.90878 ´ 104 (iv) 4.5293 ´ 102
4. (i) 3.84 ´ 105 km (ii) 1.496 ´ 108 km
(iii) 1.353 ´ 109 cubic cm (iv) 1. 2 ´ 1010 years
(v) 3´ 108 m/s (vi) 1. 4 ´ 109 m

42
 Multiple Choice Questions
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b)

Mental Maths Corner

1 1
1. 1 2. = 3. base = 8 power = 6 4. 1 5. 1 6. 243 7. 1
2 16
4
8. 521 9. 5 10. 1

6 Algebraic Expressions

Exercise-6.1
1. (i) a 3 - b 2 (ii) x + y (iii) 2x + 8
10
(iv) 2( x + y ) (v) y (vi) 20x 4 y 3 z 2
2. (i) 2´ 3 ´ a ´ a ´ a ´ a ´ a ´ b ´ b
(ii) 2´ 2´ 3 ´ x ´ x ´ x ´ x ´ x ´ y ´ y ´ y ´ y ´ z ´ z ´ z
(iii) 2´ 5´ 5 ´ x ´ y ´ y ´ z ´ z ´ z
(iv) a ´ a ´ a ´ a ´ a ´ a ´ a ´ a ´ a
(v) b ´ b ´ b ´ b ´ b ´ b ´ b
(vi) a ´ a ´ b ´ c
3. (i) Coefficient of x ® 10 y 4 ; Coefficient of y ® 10x 2
(ii) Coefficient of x ® 2 y; Coefficient of y ® 2x
-5
(iii) Coefficient of x ® ; Coefficient of y ® 2
3
(iv) Coefficient of x ® 2 y 5 z 2 ; Coefficient of y ® 2x 7 z 2
4. (i) Binomials (ii) Monomials (iii) Binomials (iv) Trinomials
5. (i) 5 (ii) -7 (iii) 7 (iv) 4
6. (i) 5x 2 , 2x 2 (ii) -4x 2 y 2 , - 2x 2 y 2 ; 3xy, - 2xy, 7xy
(iii) x 2 y, - x 2 y
7. (i) 8x, 6xy (ii) 2a, 3b, 6c (iii) x 3 , 3x 2 y, 3xy 2 , 4
8. (i) degree of 3x 2 = 2
So degree of expression = 2
(ii) degree of 2x 3 = 3
degree of 3x = 1 ; degree of 6 = 0
So degree of expression = 3

43
 (iii) degree of p 2 = 2
degree of pq = 1 + 1 = 2
So degree of expression = 2
(iv) degree of 3x 3 = 3
degree of 2x 2 y 2 = 2 + 2 = 4
degree of 5xy = 1 + 1 = 2; degree of 2z = 1
So degree of expression = 4

Exercise-6.2
1. (i) 5abc + ( -3abc ) + 2abc + 8abc = 12abc
-7 9
(ii) mn + 5 + 12mn - 2 + mn + 8
2 2
æ9 7 ö
= ç - + 12÷ mn + ( 8 + 5 - 2)
è2 2 ø
= 13mn + 11
(iii) 3x + 5x 2 + ( -2x 2 ) + 4x + 4x 2 + x
= ( 5 - 2 + 4 ) x 2 + ( 3 + 4 + 1) x
= 7x 2 + 8x
(iv) a 2 + 2ab + 7a 2 - 6ab = 8a 2 - 4ab
(v) 6a 2 + 2ab + 3a 2 - 4ab + 2a 2 - 6ab
= 11a 2 - 8ab
(vi) 4 p 3 + 7 pq + 3 p 3 - 5qp
= 7 p 3 + 2 pq
(vii) x 2 - y 2 + 2 y 2 - 3x 2 - 5x 2 - y 2 + 3x 2 + 2 y 2
= x 2 (1 - 3 - 5 + 3) + y 2 ( -1 + 2 - 1 + 2)
= - 4x 2 + 2 y 2
(viii) 3 y 2 - y + 5 y - 3 y 2 + y 2 + y
= ( 3 - 3 + 1) y 2 + ( -1 + 5 + 1) y
= y2 + 5y
2. (i) x 2 + 3z 2 - 4 + z 2 - 7x 2 + 3
= x 2 (1 - 7) + z 2 ( 3 + 1) + ( -4 + 3)
= - 6x 2 + 4 z 2 - 1

44
 (ii) 15x - 3x + 7x
= x(15 - 3 + 7) = 19x
(iii) 5 p - 4q + 9 p - ( 2 p + 3q )
= p( 5 + 9 - 2) + q( -4 - 3) = 12 p - 7q
2
(iv) 3x 3 - x 2 + 3x 3 - x 2
5
æ 2 ö
= x 3 ( 3 + 3) + x ç - - 1÷
è 5 ø
7
= 6x 3 - x 2
5
(v) 2a b - a + 2ab 2 + 4b 2 + 8a 2 - 6a 2 b
2 2

= 2a 2 - 6a 2 b - a 2 + 8a 2 + 2ab 2 + 4b 2
= - 4a 2 b + 7a 2 + 2ab 2 + 4b 2
(vi) c 2 d 3 + 5c 3 d 3 + 3c 2 d 3 - 2c 3 d 3
= c 2 d 3 + 3c 2 d 3 + 5c 3 d 3 - 2c 3 d 3
= 4c 2 d 3 + 3c 3 d 3
(vii) 2a 2 b - a 2 + 2a 2 b + 4a 2 + 8a 2 + 4a 2 b
= 2a 2 b + 2a 2 b + 4a 2 b - a 2 + 4a 2 + 8a 2
= 8a 2 b + 11a 2
(viii) 5 p 2 - 4q 2 - 9 p + 2 p 2 + 3q 2
= 5 p 2 - 9 p 2 + 2 p 2 - 4q 2 + 3q 2
= -7p2 -9p - q2
3. (i) 4x 2 - 5xy + 3 y 2 - 6x 2 - 4xy + 2 y 2 - 2xy - 4 y 2 - 3x 2
= 4x 2 - 6x 2 - 3x 2 - 5xy - 4xy - 2xy + 3 y 2 + 2 y 2 - 4 y 2
= - 5x 2 - 11xy + y 2
(ii) 3x + 2 y - 5z + 2x - 5 y + 2z
= 3x + 2x + 2 y - 5 y + 2z - 5z
= 5x - 3 y - 3z
2 3 3 2 2 1
(iii) a - a + 2 + a 2 - a - 1 + a 3 + 2a + 3
3 2 3 3
2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2
= a + a - a + a - a - 2a + 2 - 1 + 3
3 3 2 3
3 5 2
=a - a + a+ 4
6

45
 (iv) 8x - 7xy + 5 y - 6x - xy - 8 y + 5x + 2xy + 3 y
= 8x - 6x + 5x - 7xy - xy + 2xy + 5 y - 8 y + 3 y
7x - 6xy + 0 y = 7x - 6xy
(v) 15a + 6b 2 + 12a 2 b 2 + 9a 2 - 2b 2 - 7a 2 b
2

= 15a 2 + 9a 2 + 6b 2 - 2b 2 + 12a 2 b - 7a 2 b
= 24a 2 + 4b 2 + 5a 2 b
(vi) a 2 + 3b 2 - 6c 2 + 2abc + 5b 2 - 3a 2 + 9c 2 - 11abc
+ c 2 - a 2 - 3b 2 + 2abc
a 2 - 3a 2 - a 2 + 3b 2 + 5b 2 - 3b 2 - 6c 2 + 9c 2 + c 2
+ 2abc - 11abc + 2abc
2 2 2
= - 3a + 5b + 4c - 7abc
4. (i) ( 2ab - 7a 2 + 3) - ( -6a 2 + 3ab + 6)
= 2ab - 7a 2 + 3 + 6a 2 - 3ab - 6
= 2ab - 3ab - 7a 2 + 6a 2 + 3 - 6
= - ab - a 2 - 3
(ii) ( p 2 + 5q 2 + 8 pq 2 ) - ( 2 pq 2 - 3q 2 - 2 p 2 )
= p 2 + 5q 2 + 8 pq 2 - 2 pq 2 + 3q 2 + 2 p 2
= p 2 + 2 p 2 + 5q 2 + 3q 2 + 8 pq 2 - 2 pq 2
= 3 p 2 + 8q 2 + 6 pq 2
(iii) ( a 2 - b 2 + ab ) - ( a 2 - b 2 )
= a 2 - b 2 + ab - a 2 + b 2
= a 2 - a 2 - b 2 + b 2 + ab = ab
(iv) ( 4 p 2 - 5q + 1) - ( 3 p 2 + 3q - 7)
= 4 p 2 - 5q + 1 - 3 p 2 - 3q + 7 = p 2 - 8q + 8
(v) ( b 3 + 5ab 2 - 2a 2 b ) - ( a 3 - 6a 2 b + 3ab 2 )
= b 3 + 5ab 2 - 2a 2 b - a 3 + 6a 2 b - 3ab 2
= b 3 + 2ab 2 + 4a 2 b - a 3
(vi) ( 5x 2 + 6x - 7) - ( -x 2 + 10x - 5)
= 5x 2 + 6x - 7 + x 2 - 10x + 5
= 6x 2 - 4x - 2

46
5. 3b 2 + 3ab + a 2 + 3ab = a 2 + 6ab + 3b 2
6b 2 + 5ab + 2a 2 - 9ab = 2a 2 - 4ab + 6b 2
( a 2 + 6ab + 3b 2 ) - ( 2a 2 - 4ab + 6b 2 )
a 2 + 6ab + 3b 2 - 2a 2 + 4ab - 6b 2
= - a 2 + 10ab - 3b 2
6. Required expression = ( 3x 2 + xy + y 2 ) - ( 2x 2 + 5xy )
= 3x 2 + xy + y 2 - 2x 2 - 5xy
= x 2 - 4xy + y 2
7. ( 7xy - y 2 + 2x 2 ) - ( 3x 2 + 2 y 2 - 5xy + 6)
= 7xy - y 2 + 2x 2 - 3x 2 - 2 y 2 + 5xy - 6
= -x 2 - 3 y 2 + 12xy - 6
8. Sum ® ( 9x - 4x 2 + 2) + ( -10x - 6 + 7x 2 )
= 9x - 4x 2 + 2 - 10x - 6 + 7x 2
= -x + 3x 2 - 4
Difference ®
= ( -2 + 4x 2 ) - ( -x + 3x 2 - 4 )
= -2 + 4x 2 + x - 3x 2 + 4
= x2 + x + 2
9. 2P - 3Q
= 2( 2x + y + z ) - 3(12x - y + 2z )
= 4x + 2 y + 2z - 36x + 3 y - 6z
= -32x + 5 y - 4 z
Exercise-6.3
1. (i) 6x + 8 = 6 ´ 4 + 8 = 32
(ii) 12x - 9 = 12 ´ 4 - 9 = 39
(iii) 50 - 2x 2 = 50 - 2 ´ 4 ´ 4 = 18
(iv) 300 - 10x 2 = 300 - 10 ´ 4 ´ 4 = 140
(v) 7x 3 - 28x 2 + 15x - 20
= 7 ´ ( 4 ) 3 - 28 ´ 4 2 + 15 ´ 4 - 20
= 448 - 448 + 60 - 20 = 40
(vi) 16x 2 - 10x + 12 = 16 ´ ( 4 ) 2 - 10 ´ 4 ´ 12
= 256 - 40 + 12 = 228

47
2. (i) 9a 2 - 5 = 9 ( -3) 2 - 5 = 76
(ii) 10a - 8 = 10 ´ - 3 - 8 = - 38
(iii) 16 + 36a = 16 + 36 ´ ( -3) = 16 - 108 = 92
(iv) 5a 3 + 2a 2 + a - 9 = 5 ( -3) 3 + 2 ( -3) 2 + ( -3) - 9
= - 135 + 18 - 3 - 9 = - 129
(v) 8a + 6a + 2 = 8´ ( -3) 2 + 6 ´ ( -3) + 2
2

= 72 - 18 + 2 = 56
(vi) 3a - 5a + 2a - 8 = 3´ ( -3) 3 - 5´ ( -3) 2 + 2´ ( -3) - 8
3 2

= - 81 - 45 - 6 - 8 = - 140
3. (i) x + y = 2 + 3 = 5 (ii) x - y = 2 - 3 = - 1
(iii) x 2 + y 2 = ( 2) 2 + ( 3) 2 = 4 + 9 = 13
(iv) x 2 - y 2 = ( 2) 2 - ( 3) 2 = 4 - 9 = - 5
(v) x 3 - y 3 = ( 2) 3 - ( 3) 3 = 8 - 27 = - 19
(vi) 3x 2 + y + 2xy - xy 2
= 3´ ( 2) 2 + 3 + 2 ´ 2 ´ 3 - 2 ´ ( 3) 2
= 12 + 3 + 12 - 18 = 9
4. (i) a 2 + 2( b 2 - 3) + a 2 c 2 = a 2 + 2b 2 - 6 + a 2 c 2
= ( -1) 2 + 2´ ( 2) 2 - 6 + ( -1) 2 ´ ( -3) 2
= 1 + 8 - 6 + 9 = 12
(ii) 3a + 2 - 9b - 2c
= 3 ´ -1 + 2 - 9 ´ 2 - 2 ´ - 3
= - 3 + 2 - 18 + 6 = - 13
(iii) ab - b 2 + c 2 = ( -1) ´ 2 - ( 2) 2 + ( -3) 2
= -2 - 4 + 9 = 3
(iv) a - 12a + 6a - 10 = ( -1) 3 - 12´ ( -1) 2 + 6´ ( -1) - 10
3 2

= - 1 - 12 - 6 - 10 = - 29
3 3 3
5. (i) x + y + z - xyz
= (1) 3 + ( -2) 3 + ( -3) 3 - 1´ - 2 ´ - 3
= 1 - 8 - 27 - 6 = - 40
(ii) x + y + 3xyz + ab 2
3 3

= (1) 3 + ( -2) 3 + 3 ´ 1´ - 2 ´ - 3 + 2 ´ ( 3) 2
= 1 - 8 + 18 + 18 = - 29

48
 (iii) 2a 2 + x 3 - y 3 = 2 ´ ( 2) 2 + 13 = - ( -2) 3
= 8 + 1 + 8 = 17
(iv) 4xy 3 - 3 yz 2 + 4x 2 z 3
= 4 ´ 1´ ( -2) 3 - 3 ´ ( -2) ´ ( -3) 2 + 4 ´ ( -1) 2 ´ ( -3) 3
= - 32 + 54 - 108 = - 86
6. m + 3m n + 3mn 2 + n 2
3 2

= ( -2 ) 3 + 3 ´ ( -2 ) 2 ´ 6 + 3 ´ ( -2 ) ´ ( 6 ) 2 + ( 6 ) 3
= - 8 + 72 - 216 + 216 = 64
2 2
7. 2x y + 2xy + xy + 3
= 2 ´ ( -1) 2 ´ ( -2) + 2 ´ ( -1) ´ ( -2) 2 + ( -1) ´ ( -2) + 3
= -4 - 8 + 2 + 3 = -7
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c)

Mental Maths Corner

1. A symbol which can take different numerical values in known as
variable.
2. Like terms have the same letter.
3. four 4. more than 1
5. An expression of constants and variables connected by some or all of the
four fundamental operation (i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division) is called an algebraic expression.
6. 2 7. -7 8. No 9. Yes
10. An algebraic expression containing one or more terms is called a
polynomial.

7 Simple Equation

Exercise-7.1
x
1. (i) 2 y = 9 (ii) =6 (iii) x - 5 = 2
7
y
(iv) + 5=8 (v) p + 4 = 15 (vi) 5x - 3 = 9
3

49
 4p q
(vii) 3m + 8 = 24 (viii) =8 (ix) + 2=8
7 2
(x) 4 p - 2 = 18
2. (i) Subtract 10 from twice a number, you get 40.
(ii) Add 4 to a number, you get 9.
(iii) One fifth a number x is 6.
(iv) One third of a number plus 2 is 8.
(v) Twice a number plus 11 is 19.
(vi) Subtract 2 from one fifth a number gives 6.
(vii) Three times of a number is 60.
(viii) Subtract 4 from one fourth of x is 4.
(ix) Add 3 in one third of y is 30.
(x) One ninth of x gives 9.
3. (i) 3x = 3 ´ 4 = 12 ® Yes
(ii) 2 y + 6 = 2 ´ - 3 + 6 = - 6 + 6 = 0 ® Yes
p 10
(iii) = = 2 ® Yes
5 5
(iv) 7n + 5 = 7 ´ 2 + 5 = 19 ® Yes
(v) 3q - 14 = 3 ´ 5 - 14 = 1 ® No
m 20
(vi) - 4 = - 4 = 0 ® Yes
5 5
(vii) 3m - 3 = 3 ´ - 4 - 3 = - 15 ® No
(viii) 4x + 5 = 4 ´ 10 + 5 = 45 ® No
4. (i) x + x + 85 = 445
= 2x + 85 = 445
(ii) 2q + 7 = 87 (iii) 4 y + 2 = 42
(iv) 8m + 4 = 100 (v) 2( b + b + 2) = 40 ; 4b + 4 = 40
(vi) 3 y + 5 = 44 (vii) 2( b + 3b ) = 96 ; 8b = 96

Exercise-7.2
1. (iv)
2. (i) x - 15 + 15 = 6 + 15 ; x = 21
(ii) x - 7 + 7 = 8 + 7 ; x = 15
(iii) x + 8 - 8 = 10 - 8; x = 2
(iv) 2x + 9 - 9 = 14 - 9
2x 5 5
2x = 5 ; = Þ x=
2 2 2
6
(v) y + 4 - 4 = 16 - 4
5

50
 6 5 5
y ´ = 12 ´ ; y = 10
5 6 6
x
(vi) -6+ 6=0+ 6
5
x
´ 5 = 6 ´ 5; x = 30
5
3. (i) x + 5 = 10
x + 5 - 5 = 10 - 5 ; x = 5
(ii) 2x + 6 = 15
2x + 6 - 6 = 15 - 6
2x 9 9
2x = 9 ; = ; x=
2 2 2
5x
(iii) = 10
3
5 3 3
x´ = 10´ ; x = 6
3 5 5
(iv) x - 25 = -10
x - 25 + 25 = -10 + 25 ; x = 15
(v) x - 5 = 15
x - 5 + 5 = 15 + 5 ; x = 20
x
(vi) = 4
3
x
´ 3 = 4 ´ 3 ; x = 12
3
4. (i) x + 8 = 15 ; x = 15 - 8 = 7
Checking x + 8 = 7 + 8 = 15
4 4
(ii) x - 9 = 5 ; x = 5 + 9 = 14
3 3
14 ´ 3 21 1
x= = = 10
4 2 2
4 4 21
Checking x - 9 = ´ - 9 = 14 - 9 = 5
3 3 2
1
(iii) 2x - = 2 - x
3
1 7 7
2x + x = 2 + ; 3x = Þ x =
3 3 9
1 7 1 7
Checking 2x - = 2 - x = 2´ - = 2 -
3 9 3 9

51
 14 - 3 18 - 7 11 11
= = ; =
9 9 9 9
x -1 x - 2
(iv) - =1
3 4
4( x - 1) - 3( x - 2)
= 1 ; 4x - 4 - 3x + 6 = 12
12
x + 2 = 12 ; x = 12 - 2 = 10
x - 1 x - 2 10 - 1 10 - 2
Checking - = - = 3-2 =1
3 4 3 4
(v) 3x + 2 ( x + 2) = 20 - ( 2x - 5)
3x + 2x + 4 = 20 - 2x + 5
3x + 2x + 2x = 20 + 5 - 4
21
7x = 21 ; x = = 3
7
Checking 3x + 2( x + 2) = 20 - ( 2x - 5) = 3´ 3 + 2( 3 + 2) = 20 + ( 2´ 3 - 5)
9 + 10 = 20 - ( 6 - 5) ; 19 = 19
(vi) 5 + 9x - 7 = 9x - 2 - x
9x - 9x + x = - 2 + 7 - 5 ; x = 0
Checking 5 + 9x - 7 = 9x - 2 - x ; 5 + 9´ 0 - 7 = 9´ 0 - 2 + 0 ; -2 = -2

Exercise-7.3
1. Let breadth = x
860
2( x + 4 + x ) = 860 ; 2x + 4 = = 430
2
426
2x = 430 - 4 = 426 , x = = 213
2
breadth = 213 m and length = 217 m
2. Let the number is x
x + 12 = 33 , x = 33 - 12 = 21
3. Let the age of Riya = x
So 3x + 12 = 2 ( x + 12)
3x + 12 = 2x + 24
3x - 2x = 24 - 12 ; x = 12
So Riya’s age = 12 years and his father’s age = 3 ´ 12 = 36 years
4. Let the numbers are x and x + 2
x + x + 2 = 140
2x = 140 - 2 = 138
138
x= = 69, x + 2 = 69 + 2 = 71
2
52
 So the numbers are 69 and 71.
5. Let breadth = x then length = x + 19
2( x + x + 19) = 138
138
2x + 19 = = 69
2
2x = 69 - 19 = 50 , x = 25
So l = 25 + 19 = 44 cm and b = 25 cm
6. Let numerator is x then denominator = x + 2
x
So fraction =
x+2
Now according to question
x+2 2
=
x + 2+ 2 3
3 ( x + 2) = 2 ( x + 4 )
3x + 6 = 2x + 8
3x - 2x = 8 - 6 ; x = 2
2 2 1
Hence fraction = = =
2+ 2 4 2
7. Let the number = x
3x - 5 = 16
21
3x = 21 , x = =7
3
Number is 7.
8. Let the number = x
x + 7 = 15 ; x = 15 - 7 = 8
9. Let after x year Sushma be twice as old as Geeta. So
20 + x = 2( 4 + x )
20 + x = 8 + 2x
2x - x = 20 - 8 ; x = 12
After 12 year, Sushma be twice as old as Geeta.
10. Let the number = x
3 3
x + 3 = 21 ; x = 21 - 3 = 18
4 4
18 ´ 4
x= = 24
3
11. Let the number be x
20
2x = 20 ; x= = 10
2

53
 Multiple Choice Questions
1.(a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (d)

Mental Maths Corner

1. The value of the variable for which the equation is satisfies, called the
solution of the equation.
2. A quantity which has a fixed numerical value is called a constant.
3. No effect 4. No effect
5. It means shifting a number or variable from one side to other.

8 Comparing Quantities

Exercise-8.1
` 5 500 p 25
1. (i) = =
80 p 80 p 4
So ` 5 : 80 p = 25 : 4
(ii) 5 m 20 cm : 6 m 60 cm = 500 + 20 cm : 600 + 60 cm
520 26
= 520 : 660 = = or 26 : 33
660 33
24 1
(iii) 24 g : 12 kg = 24 g : 12000 g = =
12000 500
or 1 : 500
(iv) 5.4 l : 2 l 200 ml = 5.4 l : 2.2 l
5.4 27
= = or 27 : 11
2.2 11
2. Ratio of speed = 120 : 150 = 4 : 5
A 3 B 8
3. = , =
B 4 C 9
A B 3 8 2 A
´ = ´ = = ; A :C = 2: 3
B C 4 9 3 C
4. Sum of ratio = 3 + 5 = 8
3
One part of ` 2400 = ` ´ 2400 = ` 900
8
5
Another part of ` 2400 = ` ´ 2400 = ` 1500
8
5. (i) His saving : His salary = ` 2500 : 12500 = 1 : 5
(ii) His expenditure : ` 12500 - ` 2500 = ` 10,000

54
 Expenditure : Salary = ` 10000 : ` 12500 = 4 : 5
(iii) Expenditure : Saving = ` 10000 : ` 2500 = 4 : 1
6. Sum of ratio = 3 + 4 = 7
3
Ram got caps = ´ 14 = 6
7
4
Raj got caps = ´ 14 = 8
7
7. Sum of ratio = 3 + 5 = 8
3
Rakesh’s share = ` ´ 5000 = ` 3 ´ 625 = ` 1875
8
Ritesh’s share = ` 5000 - ` 1875 = ` 3125
8. Sum of ratio = 3 + 7 + 5 = 15
3
Mohit gave money = ` ´ 6000 = ` 1200
15
7
Ashu gave money = ` ´ 6000 = ` 2800
15
5
Nishu gave oney = ` ´ 6000 = ` 2000
15
9. (i) 5 : 8 (ii) 5 : 3 (iii) 8 : 3
4 4´ 2 8
10. = =
5 5 ´ 2 10
So 4 : 5 and 8 : 10 are equivalent.
5 5 ´ 2 10
11. = =
12 12 ´ 2 24
10 10 5 10
< as 21 < 24 So, <
24 21 12 21

Exercise-8.2
18 3 9 3 18 9
1. (i) = and = ; =
24 4 12 4 24 12
So 18 : 24 : : 9 : 12 Yes, they are
25 1 12 1 25 12
(ii) = and = ; =
75 3 36 3 75 36
So 25 : 75 : : 12 : 36, Yes they are
15 20
(iii) ¹ , So, 15 : 16 are not in proportion to 20 : 21
16 21
11 6
(iv) and So, 3 : 4 are not in proportion to 11 : 16
16 8

55
 4 6 6 12 8 12 ´ 18
2. (i) = or x = ´ 6 = 9 (ii) = ,x= = 27
6 x 4 x 18 8
7 x 7 x 142 142 ´ 19
(iii) = or x = ´ 30 = 15 (iv) = or x = = 38
14 30 14 19 71 71
3. Let the second term = x
24 6 1
24 : x :: 6 : 18 or = =
x 18 3
x = 24 ´ 3 = 72
4. Let 12 men finish the work in x days
So 8 : 24 :: 12 : x
8 12 12 ´ 24
or = x= = 36 days
24 x 8
5. Let the actual distance = x
1 2
1: 25,00,000 :: 2 : x or =
25,00,000 x
or x = 2 ´ 25,00,000 = 50,00,000 cm = 50 km
6. Let the length = x
3 x 32 ´ 3
3 : 2 :: x : 32 or = x= = 48 cm
2 32 2
7. Let x be the mean proportion
1 1 1 1
\ : x :: x : ´ =x´ x
9 25 9 25
1 1 1
or x = ´ =
3 5 15
8. Let weight be copper is x
So 9 : 7 :: x : 9.8 or 9 ´ 9.8 = 7 ´ x
9 ´ 9.8
x= = 12.6 kg
7
9. Let the length be x
\ 7 : 5 :: x : 30 or 7 ´ 30 = 5 ´ x
7 ´ 30
x= = 42 cm
5
10. Let time taken be x
120 : 3 :: 150 : x
or 120 ´ x = 3 ´ 150
3 ´ 150 15 3
x= = h =3 h
120 4 4

56
 Exercise-8.3
1. Cost of 5 chocolates = ` 75
75
Cost of 1 chocolate = ` = ` 15
5
Cost of 17 chocolates = ` 15 ´ 17 = ` 255
2. Cost of 25 tables = ` 2375
2375
Cost of 1 table = ` = ` 95
25
Cost of 6 tables = ` 95 ´ 6 = ` 570
3. Anju’s earning for 15 days = ` 7500
7500
Her earning for 1 day = ` = ` 500
15
She can earn in 28 days = ` 500 ´ 28
= ` 14,000
4. Car travel in 8 l of petrol = 128 km
128
Car travel in 1 l of petrol = km
8
128
Car travel in 11 l of petrol = ´ 11 = 176 km
8
5. In 3 trays number of eggs = 3 ´ 30 = 90
Cost of 90 eggs = ` 180
180
Cost of 1 egg = ` =` 2
90
Number of eggs in 4 cartoon = 12 ´ 4 = 48
Cost of 48 eggs = ` 2 ´ 48 = ` 96
6. 12 kg weight carry = 36 chairs
36
1 kg weight carry = chairs = 3 chairs
12
36
790 kg weight carry = ´ 790 = 2370 chairs
12
7. In sales of ` 1000 commission = ` 73
73
On sales of ` 1 commission = `
1000
73
On sales of ` 100 commission = ` ´ 100
1000
= ` 7.30
8. Petrol required to cover a distance of 500 km = 20 l

57
 20
Petrol required to cover a distance of 1 km = l
500
20
Petrol required to cover a distance of 750 km = ´ 750
500
= 30 l
9. Food is enough for 32 days if number of soldiers = 900
Food is enough for 1 day if number of soldiers = 900 ´ 32
Food is enough for 45 days if number of soldiers
900
= ´ 32 = 640
45
10. 4 tray contain 6 bottles
So Total number of bottles = 6 ´ 4 = 24
8 cartoons contain bottle = 8 ´ 60 = 480
Cost of 24 bottles = ` 192
192
Cost of 1 bottle = `
24
192
Costof 480 bottles = ` ´ 480 = ` 3840
24
11. Labour for 10 days = ` 975
975
Labour for 1 day = `
10
975
Labour for 7 days = ` ´7
10
= ` 682.50
12. Shadow is 7.5 m high if height = 5 m
5
Shadow is 1 m high if height =
7.5
7
Shadow is 97.5 m high if height = ´ 97.5
7.5
= 91 m

Exercise-8.4
42 21 140 7 2
1. (i) 42% = = (ii) 140% = = =1
100 50 100 5 5
1 33 33 33
(iii) 16 % = % = =
2 2 2 ´ 100 200
7 7 ´ 100 22
2. (i) = = 140% (ii) = 22%
5 5 ´ 100 100

58
 3 3 ´ 100
(iii) = = 75%
4 4 ´ 100
64 16 84 21
3. (i) 64% = = = 16 : 25 (ii) 84% = = = 21: 25
100 25 100 25
12.5
(iii) 12.5% = = 1: 8
100
6 ´ 100 6 8 ´ 100 8
4. (i) 6 : 11 = = 54 % (ii) 8 : 9 = = 88 %
11´ 100 11 9 ´ 100 9
4 ´ 100
(iii) 4 : 5 = = 80%
5 ´ 100
9.5 49
5. (i) 9.5% = = 0.095 (ii) 49% = = 0.49
100 100
135
(iii) 135% = = 1.35
100
9 35
6. (i) 0.09 = = 9% (ii) 0.35 = = 35%
100 100
235
(iii) 2.35 = = 235%
100
45
7. 45% of x = 9 ´ x=9
100
9 ´ 100
or x= = 20
45
8. Let the total sum of money = x
40% of x = ` 320
40
´ x = ` 320
100
320 ´ 100
x=` = ` 800
40
9. Let the required number = x. Then,
6% of x = 24
6
´ x = 24
100
24 ´ 100
or x= = 400
6
x
10. x% of 200 = 48 ; ´ 200 = 48 or x = 24%
100
40
He required 40% of 200 = ´ 200 = 80 marks
100
59
 So, He required = 80 - 48 = 32 more marks to get pass
11. Let the original price of suit = x
20% of x = ` 3400
20
´ x = 3400
100
3400 ´ 100
or x= = ` 17000
20
12. Let his salary was ` x
22% of x = ` 2200
22
or ´ x = ` 2200
100
2200 ´ 100
x=` = ` 10,000
22
729
13. Mohit secures = ´ 100 = 81%
900
14. Percentage of students in nursery section
900
= ´ 100 = 18%
5000
Percentage of students in primary section
800
= ´ 100 = 16%
5000
Percentage of students in junior section
700
= ´ 100 = 14%
5000
Percentage of students in senior section
= 100 - (18 + 16 + 14 )% = 52%
15. Let her salary = ` x
10% of x = ` 4000
10
´ x = ` 4000 or x = ` 4000 ´ 10 = ` 40,000
100

Exercise-8.5
1. (i) Profit = ` 770 - 700 = ` 70
(ii) Loss = ` 650 - 600 = ` 50
(iii) Loss = ` 900 - 830 = ` 70
(iv) Profit = ` 650 - 500 = ` 150
2. (i) S.P. = ` 400 + 100 = ` 500
(ii) S.P. = ` 1100 - ` 150 = ` 950
(iii) S.P. = ` 650 + 75 = ` 725
60
 (iv) S.P. = ` 200 - 20 = ` 180
3. (i) C.P. = ` 2100 - 175 = ` 1925
(ii) C.P. = ` 156 + 16 = ` 172
(iii) C.P. = ` 595 - ` 55 = ` 540
(iv) C.P. = ` 333 + 23 = ` 356
4. Profit = ` 1000 - 900 = ` 100
5. Profit = ` 1690 - 1560 = ` 130
6. S.P. = ` 550 + 45 = ` 595
2500 ´ 10
7. Profit = ` = ` 250
100
S.P. = ` 2500 + 250 = ` 2750
3500 ´ 8
8. Profit = ` = ` 280
100
S.P. = ` 3500 + ` 280 = ` 3780
9. Remaining apples = 100 - 25 = 75
10
Profit = ` 100 ´ = ` 10
100
S.P. = ` 100 + 10 = ` 110
He sold 75 apples for ` 110
110
He sold 1 apple for ` = ` 1.46
75
10. Let C.P. = ` x
S.P. = x - 20% of x
20 4
=x- x= x
100 5
According to question ® S.P. = ` 25000/-
4
So, x = ` 25000
5
25000 ´ 5
x=` = ` 31,250
4
11. C.P. of 10 oranges for ` 80
80
C.P. of 1 orange = ` =` 8
10
[Link] 8 oranges = ` 100
100
S.P. of 1 orange = ` = 12.50
8
S.P. > C.P.
gain (12.50 - 8)
So gain % = ´ 100 = ´ 100
C. P. 8

61
 4.50 ´ 100 1
= = 56 %
8 4
12. C.P. > S.P.; Loss = ` 9950 - ` 8955 = ` 995
loss 995
Loss % = ´ 100 = ´ 100 = 10%
C. P. 9950

Exercise-8.6
P´ R´T S. I. ´ 100
1. (i) S.I. = or P =
100 R´T
500 ´ 100
P =` = ` 833.33
12 ´ 5
450 ´ 100
(ii) P = ` = ` 1,125
8´ 5
S. I. ´ 100
2. (i) R =
P´T
Q S.I. = A - P = ` 4000 - 2500 = ` 1500
1500 ´ 100
So R= = 15%
2500 ´ 4
255 ´ 100
(ii) R = = 1%
8500 ´ 3
(iii) S.I. = ` 7552 - 6400 = ` 1152
1152 ´ 100
R =` = 6%
6400 ´ 3
6000 ´ 6.5 ´ 2.5
3. (i) S.I. = ` = ` 975
100
A = ` 6000 + 975 = ` 6975
4400 ´ 12 ´ 4
(ii) S.I. = ` = ` 2112
100
A = 4400 + 2112 = ` 6512
2500 ´ 12 ´ 2
(iii) S.I. = = ` 600
100
A = 2500 + 600 = ` 3100
3500 ´ 7 ´ 2
4. S.I. = ` = ` 490
100
5. S.I. = A - P = ` 920 - 800 = ` 120
S. I. ´ 100 120 ´ 100
T= = = 1 year
P´R 800 ´ 15

62
 1500 ´ 2 ´ 10
6. S.I. = = ` 300
100
A = P + S. I. = ` 1500 + 300 = ` 1800
7. Let Principal is ` x
Then amount = ` 2x
S.I. = 2x - x = ` x
P´ R´T S. I. ´ 100
S.I. = ÞR=
100 P´T
x ´ 100
R= = 10%
x ´ 10
8. Let Principal = ` x
Amount = ` 2x
S.I. = 2x - x = x
S. I. ´ 100 x ´ 100
T= = = 10 year
P´R x ´ 10

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (d)

Mental Maths Corner

1
1. Yes 2. Profit 3. 10 : 1 4. ` 100 5.
5

9 Lines and Angles

Exercise-9.1
1. (i) Complementary angle of 58° = 90° - 58° = 32°
(ii) Complementary angle of 36° = 90° - 36° = 54°
(iii) Complementary angle of 64° = 90° - 64° = 26°
(iv) Complementary angle of 80° = 90° - 80° = 10°
2. (i) Supplementary angle of 35° = 180° - 35° = 145°
(ii) Supplementary angle of 96° = 180° - 96° = 84°
(iii) Supplementary angle of 142° = 180° - 142° = 38°
(iv) Supplementary angle of 160° = 180° - 160° = 20°
3. Let the angle is x
180°
\180° - x = 2x Þ 3x = 180° or x = = 60°
3
63
4. (i) x + 2x + 3x + 4x = 360°
360°
10x = 360° or x = = 36°
10
(ii) x° = 180° - 130° = 50°
(iii) 2x + 3x + 30° = 180°
150°
Þ 5x = 180° - 30° = 150° ; x = = 30°
5
(iv) x° = 65° (Vertically opposite angle)
5. Vertically opposite angles : (ÐEGC, ÐDGH); (ÐEGD, ÐCGH );
(ÐGHA, ÐBHF ); (ÐGHB, ÐAHF )
Linear pair : (ÐEGD, ÐEGC ); (ÐCGH, ÐDGH ); (ÐGHA, ÐGHB );
(ÐBHF, ÐAHF )

Exercise-9.2
1. (i) Not transversal as it cut two lines at the same point.
(ii) Transversal as it cut three lines of different point.
(iii) Transversal as it cut two lines at different points.
(iv) Not transversal as it cut two lines at same point.
2. (i) x + 68 = 180° Þ x = 180 - 68 = 112°
(ii) x = 72° (alternate interior angle)
(iii) x = 110° (Linear pair)
3. ÐDEF = ÐABC = 55°
135 - 15
4. 3x + 15 = 135 ; x= = 40
3
Ð1 = 180 - ( 40 + 5) = 180 - 45 = 135°
Ð2 = x + 5 = 45°; Ð3 = Ð2 = 45°
5. Ð1 = 55°
Ð3 = Ð1 = 55° (Vertrical opposite angle)
Ð5 = Ð3 = 55° (Alternative interior angle)
Ð2 = 180 - 55° = 125° (Linear pair)
Ð2 = Ð4 = 125° (Vertically opposite angle)
Ð6 = Ð4 = 125° (Alternative interior angle)
Ð7 = Ð3 = 55° (Corresponding angle)
Ð8 = Ð4 = 125° (Corresponding angle)
So Ð1 = Ð3 = Ð5 = Ð7 = 55°
and Ð2 = Ð4 = Ð5 = Ð8 = 125°
64
6. Ð y = 180 - ( 60 + 90)
= 180 - 150 = 30°
Ðx = 60° (Alternative interior angle)
Ðz = 180 - ( x + y )
= 180 - ( 60 + 30) = 90°
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d)

Mental Maths Corner

1. Equilateral triangle 2. 60° 3. (i) 80° (ii) 75° (iii) 45° 4. Isosceles triangle
5. Vertex 6. 90°

10 The Triangle and Its Properties

Exercise-10.1
1. (i) Ðx = 180 - ( 90 + 35) = 55°
(ii) Ðx = 180 - ( 70 + 50) = 60°
180 - 40 180 - 90
(iii) x = = 70°(iv) x = = 45°
2 2
2. ÐR = 180 - ( 65° + 80° ) = 35°
180
3. x + x + x = 180° or x = = 60°
3
4. DE || BC (given) A
D E
55°
ÐDAB = ÐABC = 55° (Alternate interior angle)
ÐBAC = 180 - ( 35 + 55) = 90° 35°
5. x + 2x + 3x = 180° B C
6x = 180° or x = 30
So angles = 30°; 30 ´ 2 = 60°; 30 ´ 3 = 90°
6. Let ABCD be any quadrilateral. Join AC. Thus
we have two triangles ABC and ACD in the D
C
quadrilateral.
In DABC
ÐCAB + ÐABC + ÐBCA = 180° ...(i)
A B
In DACD

65
 ÐDAC + ÐACD + ÐCDA = 180° ...(ii)
Add (i) and (ii)
ÐCAB + ÐABC + ÐBCA + ÐDAC + ÐACD + ÐCDA
= 180 + 180 = 360°
or (ÐCAB + ÐDAC ) + ÐABC + (ÐBCA + ÐACD ) + ÐCDA = 360°
or ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD = 360°
Therefore the sum of the interior angles of any quadrilateral is 360°.
7. In DPQR, Ð1 + Ð2 + Ð3 = 180 (Angle sum property)
In DPRS ; Ð4 + Ð5 + Ð6 = 180° (Angle sum property)
On adding
Ð1 + Ð2 + Ð3 + Ð4 + Ð5 + Ð6 = 180 + 180 = 360°
or (Ð1 + Ð6) + Ð2 + (Ð3 + Ð4) + Ð5 = 360°
ÐQPS + ÐPQR + ÐQRS + ÐPSR = 360°
Hence, sum of the angles of PQRS is 360°

Exercise-10.2
1. Let the interior opposite angle be x, then By exterior angle property;
x + 25 = 70° or x = 70 - 25 = 45°
So the required angle is 45°
2. ÐACD = ÐA + ÐB (Exteror angle property)
ÐA = 120 - 30 = 90°
ÐACD + ÐACB = 180 (linear pair)
ÐACB = 180 - 120 = 60°
3. ÐA + ÐB = 105°(Exterior angle property)
ÐA = 105° - 70° = 35°
ÐACB = 180 - 105 = 75° (Linear pair)
4. Ð1 = ÐBAC + ÐACB
3 C
Ð2 = ÐACB + ÐCBA
Ð3 = ÐCBA + ÐBAC 1
A D
(Exterior angle property) B
2
So Ð1 + Ð2 + Ð3 = ÐBAC + ÐACB +
F
ÐACB + ÐCBA + ÐCBA + ÐBAC
= 2 ÐBAC + 2 ÐACB + 2 ÐCBA

66
 = 2 (ÐBAC + ÐACB + ÐCBA )
= 2 ´ 180 = 360 = 4 ´ 90°
Hence sum of exterior angle of a triangle is equal to 4 right angles.
5. In DABD; Ða = 180 - ( 30 + 32) = 118°
Ðb = 180 - Ða = 180 - 118 = 62° (Linear pair)
Ðc = 180 - ( 25 + 62) = 93°
Ðd = b + 25 = 62 + 23 = 87°
6. Ðx = Ð1 + Ð2 ...(i)
Ð y = Ð2 + Ð3 ...(ii)
Ðz = Ð1 + Ð3 ...(iii) (Exterior angle property)
On adding Ðx + Ð y + Ðz = (Ð1 + Ð2) + (Ð2 + Ð3) + (Ð1 + Ð3)
= 2 (Ð1 + Ð2 + Ð3 ) = 2 ´ 180° = 360°
So ÐACD + ÐBAE + CBF = 360°

Exercise-10.3
1. Let a = 8 cm, b = 15 cm, c = 17 cm
a 2 + b 2 = 82 + 152 = 64 + 225 = 289
c 2 = (17) 2 = 289
Here a 2 + b 2 = c 2
Hence 8, 15, 17 are the sides of a right angled triangle. Proved
2. As we know the largest angle is always opposite the largest side.
So ÐB is the largest angle.
Similarly the smallest angle is always opposite to the smallest side.
ÐC is the smallest angle.
3. Let AB = 12 cm, AC = 15 cm
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 A
15 cm
BC 2 = AC 2 - AB 2 12 cm
BC 2 = (15) 2 - (12) 2
B ? C
BC 2 = 15 ´ 15 - 12 ´ 12 = 225 - 144
BC 2 = 81
BC 2 = 9 ´ 9 or BC = 9cm

67
4. In right DABC
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 D C
13 cm
BC 2 = AC 2 - AB 2
A B
BC 2 = (13) 2 - (12) 2 = 169 - 144 12 cm
BC 2 = 25 = 5 ´ 5
BC = 5cm
Now P = 2 ( l + b )
P = 2 (12 + 5) = 2 ´ 17 ; P = 34 cm
5. Let Bc = h m
ABC is a right angled triangle where AC = 13 m C
and AB = 5 m
13m h
Now AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
or BC 2 = AC 2 - AB 2 = (13) 2 - ( 5) 2
BC 2 = 169 - 25 = 144 A 5m B
BC = 12 m
So, the height of the wall is 12 m at D
which the top of the iron rod reaches. C
8 cm 15 cm
6. Let ABCD is a rhombus, AC and AD are
diagonals which bisect each other at 15 cm O 8 cm
right angle.
In DODC
A B
DC 2 = OD 2 + OC 2
DC 2 = ( 8) 2 + (15) 2 = 64 + 225 = 289
DC 2 = 17 ´ 17 ; DC = 17 cm
As we know all sides of rhombus are equal in length.
Perimeter of rhombus = 4 ´ side = 4 ´ 17 = 68cm
7. In DADC
AD 2 = AC 2 + CD 2
AC 2 = AD 2 - CD 2 = ( 25) 2 - ( 7) 2
= 625 - 49 = 576
2
AC = 24 ´ 24; AC = 24 cm
In DABC,
AB 2 = BC 2 + AC 2
BC 2 = AB 2 - AC 2

68
 x 2 = ( 30) 2 - ( 24 ) 2 = 900 - 576 = 324
x 2 = 18 ´ 18 or x = 18 cm
8. OA = 12 m, AB = 5 m, OB = ? N B
OB 2 = OA 2 + AB 2
W E 5m
OB 2 = (12) 2 + ( 5) 2 = 144 + 25
A 12m O
OB 2 = 169 = 13 ´ 13 S
OB = 13 m
So Neha is at a distance of 13 m from initial position O.
9. Let DE and AC are the pole and building respectively.
A
Now BC = ED = 8 m, CD = BE = 9 m
15m
In DABE,
AE 2 = AB 2 + BE 2 B E
2 2 2 2 2
AB = AE - BE = (15) - ( 9) 8m 8m
= 225 - 81 = 144
2 C D
AB = 12 ´ 12 or AB = 12 m 9m
Hence height of building = 8 + 12 = 20 m

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a)

Mental Maths Corner

1. At the vertex of right angle 2. 180° 3. 72°, 72°, 36° 4. 60°
5. (a) each acute angle (b) an acute angle and the other right angle or obtuse
angle (c) each acute angle 6. Adjacent interior angle
7. Centroid 8. Hypotenuse

11 Symmetry

Exercise-11.1
1. (ii), (iii)
2.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

69
3.

B C M W(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

4.
(i) A (ii)
(iii)
4 cm

3 cm C
B

5. (i) No (ii) Yes (iii) Yes (iv) No (v) Yes

6. (i) It has rotational system
Rotated through 180°

(ii) The triangle does not have rotational symmetry

(iii) It has rotational symmetry
Rotated through 180°

(iv) It has rotational symmetry

Rotated through 180°

7.

(a) It has rotational symmetry of order 2

(b) It has rotational symmetry of order 4

70
 (c) It has rotational symmetry of order 2

(d) It has rotational symmetry of order 4

8. (i) (a) Rotation 90° anticlockwise (b) reflection

(ii) (a) Reflection (b) Rotation 90° clockwise
(iii) (a) Rotation 180° clockwise (b) Reflection (c) rotation 135°
anticlockwise
9. (i) and (iii)
10. Alphabet Order of rotational symmetry
C 1
D 1
X 4
H 2

Exercise-11.2
1. Do it yourself
2. (i) (a) 1 (b) 0 (ii) (a) 4 (b) 4 (iii) (a) 2 (b) 2 (iv) (a) 2 (b) 3
3. (i), (iv)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (d)
13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (a)

Mental Maths Corner

1. A figure that can be divided into two identical halves
2. Isosceles triangle 3. 0 4. No 5. Equilateral triangle and square
6. Yes 7. No 8. Yes

12 Visualising Solid Shapes

Exercise-12.1
1. (i) Triangular prism (ii) Cuboid (iii) Cube (iv) Cylinder (v) Square
pyramid (vi) Cone
2. Plane figure—circle, hexagon, square, rhombus, octagon, pentagen
71
 Solid figure—cylinder, cube, sphere, cone, square, prism, cuboid
(3 to 7) Do yourself

Exercise-12.2
1. (i) Sphere (ii) Rectangular prism (iii) Cuboid 2. (iii)
3. (i) Cone (ii) Cylinder (iii) Triangular pyramid 4. (iii)
[Link] yourself

Exercise-12.3
1. (i) Cone (ii) Cylinder (iii) Cuboid (iv) Cylinder (v) Cuboid (vi) Cylinder
2. (i) Cone (ii) Cube (iii) Cuboid (iv) Cylinder (v) Cylinder (vi) Cylinder
3. There are 4 vertical column of packets in this box.
In first column number of packets = 4 ´ 4 = 16
In second column number of packets = 3 ´ 4 = 12
In third column number of packets = 2 ´ 4 = 8
So total number of packets = 16 + 12 + 8 = 36
(ii) Four packets can be placed in each column and there can be four
rows filled in this box.
So total number of packets can be placed in this box = 4 ´ 4 ´ 4 = 64
More packets can be packed in the box = 64 - 36 = 28

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (c)

Mental Maths Corner

1. 12 edges and 8 vertices 2. face 3. At edge
4. Net is a two dimensional representation of three dimensional shapes
5. six

13 Congruence of Triangles

Exercise-13.1
1. (a) (ii), (iii) (b) (i), (iii) (c) (i), (ii)
2. (i) and (ii) 3. (i) and (iii); (ii) and (iv)
4. As ÐABC = 25° and ÐPQR = 25°
So ÐABC = ÐPQR
Thus ÐABC ~
= ÐPQR

72
5. As DDEF ~= DBCA
Then
(i) ÐE « ÐC (ii) EF « CA
(iii) ÐF « ÐA (iv) DE « BC
6. DABC and DPQR may be congruent if six elements of DABC must be
congruent to the six elements of the other.
Now AB = QR = 4 cm , ÐA = ÐR = 30°
BC = PQ = 2.1cm ÐB = ÐQ = 48°
AC = RP = 3cm and ÐC = ÐP = 102°
Thus DABC ~
= DPQR
\Yes both triangles are congruent
7. As ÐAOB = ÐCOD (given)
Adding ÐBOC on both sides
ÐAOB + ÐBOC ~= ÐCOD + ÐBOC
~
ÐAOC = ÐBOD
8. As PR ~
= QS (given)
PR + RQ ~= QS + RQ or PQ ~
= RS
\Yes, PQ ~= RS
9. Sides of square are equal
So, AB ~= BC ~= CD ~= DA
Opposite sides of a triangle are equal.
So, PQ ~= SR and QR ~ = PS
Exercise-13.2
1. In DPQR and DXYZ
We see, PQ = YX , QR = YZ and PR = XZ
Thus, QPR « YXZ
\ DQPR ~ = ¬ YXZ (by SSS Congruence)
2. In DABD and DACD
AB = AC (given)
BD = CD (given)
and AD = AD (common)
So DADB ~= DADC (by SSS Congruence)
3. In DACE and « BDE
AE = BE (given)
CE = DE (given)

73
 ÐAEC = ÐBED (vertically opposite angle)
So DACE ~
= DBDE (by SAS Congruence)
Thus ÐEAC = ÐEBD
and ÐECA = ÐEDB
4. (i) In DAOD and DBOC
AO = BO (given)
CD = DO (given)
ÐBOC = ÐAOD (vertically opposite angles)
So DAOD ~= DBOC (by SAS Congruence)
(ii) As DAOD ~= DBOC
\ AD = BC (by C.P.C.T.)
(ii) Q AD = BC
\ ÐA = ÐB and ÐD = ÐC
The transversal AB on lines BC and AD made the above alternate interior
angles
\ AD | | BC
5. In DABD and DACD
ÐBAD = ÐCAD (AD is the bisector of ÐBAC )
AD = AD (common side)
ÐADB = ÐADC = 90° (given)
\ DADB ~
= DACD (by ASA Congruence)
Thus AB = AC and DABC is an isosceles triangle.
6. In DOAC and DOBC
ÐOCA = ÐOCB (given)
OA = OB (Radii)
and OC = OC (Common side)
\ DOAC ~ = DOBC (by SAS Congruence)
7. (i) In DABC
AB = BC = AC ...(i) (given)
In DABD and DACD, we have
ÐADB = ÐADC = 90° (given)
AB = AC (given)
and AD = AD (given)
So DABD ~
= DACD ...(ii) (by SAS Congruence)
(ii) Now In DBEA and DBEC
BC = BA (given)

74
 ÐBEC = ÐBEA = 90° (given)
BE = BE (common)
So, DBEA ~= DBEC ...(iii) (by SAS Congruence)
(iii) As DABC is an equilateral triangle
Hence ÐABC = ÐACB = ÐBAC = x (let)
x + x + x = 180° ; 3x = 180°
180
or x= = 60°
3
\ ÐABC = ÐBCA = ÐBAC = 60°
8. (i) In DABC and DAED
BC = DE = 4.5 cm
ÐABC = ÐAED = 42°
ÐBAC = ÐEAD = 40°
So, DABC ~
= DAED
(ii) In DABD
ÐABD = 180 - 35 - 125 = 20°
In DCDB, ÐCDB = 180 - 35 - 120 = 25°
ÐABD ¹ ÐCDB
\ DABD and DCDB are not congruent.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d)

Mental Maths Corner

1. Hypotenuse 2. by ASA Congruence 3. 4 4. Yes 5. Equal radius
6. If they have same measure 7. True 8. by SSS Congruence 9. 105°

14 Practical Geometry
Exercise-14.1
1. Steps of construction : S
(i) Draw a line AB. R P Q
(ii) Mark a point P outside AB and a point
C on AB.
(iii) From C draw a ray CP.
A C B
75
 (iv) At P, draw ÐSPQ = ÐPCB.
(v) Draw line RQ through P.
Then RQ is the required line parallel to AB.
2. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line AB and at A draw AX ^ AB.
(ii) From AX cut off AC = 2.5 cm.
(iii) At C draw CD ^ AX .
Then CD || AB is the required line.
C
C D

A B A B A B
3. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line AB. P
(ii) Mark a point Q below AB and a point P on A B
AB.
(iii) From point P, draw a ray PQ.
(iv) At Q, draw ÐYQR = ÐBPQ.
X Q Y
(v) Draw a line XY through Q.
R
XY is the required line parallel to AB.
4. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line AB of length 5.8 cm.
(ii) Take a point C on AB and draw a perpendicular at C, i.e., PC ^ AB.
(iii) From CP cut off CR = 4.4 cm.
(iv) At R draw RS ^ AB.
Then RS || AB is the required line.
P S
R
4.4 cm R

A C 5.8 cm B A C B A C B

Exercise-14.2 C
1. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line AB = 5.5 cm. 5 cm 6 cm
(ii) With A as centre and radius 6 cm, draw
an arc.
A B
5.5 cm
76
 (iii) With B as centre and radius 5 cm, draw the another arc which cut the
previous arc at C.
(iv) Join AC and BC.
Thus DABC is the required triangle.
2. Steps of construction : X
C
(i) Draw a line segment AB = 6 cm.
cm
(ii) By using compass, draw an angle BAX of 60° 5.2
with A as centre. 60°
(iii) With A as centre and radius 5.2 cm, draw an 6 cm B
A
arc cutting they ray XA at C.
(iv) Join BC.
Hence DABC is the required triangle.
3. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 5.2 cm.
(ii) With B as centre, construct an angle ÐCBX = 45°.
(iii) With C as centre, construct an angle ÐBCY = 30°.
(iv) Let BX and CY intersept at A.

X
Y A

45° 30°

B C

4. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 4.8 cm. X
A
(ii) At point B, construct ÐCBX = 90°.
6.2 cm
(iii) With C as centre and radius 6.2 cm,
draw an arc cutting BX at A.
(iv) Join AC.
Hence, DABC is the required triangle. B 4.8 cm C
5. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm.
(ii) With B as a centre and radius 4.8 cm, draw an arc.

77
 (iii) With C as a centre and radius 5 cm, draw A
another arc which cut the previous arc at A.
(iv) Join AB and AC.
4.8 cm 5 cm
Hence, DABC is the required triangle.
6. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line segmeng BC = 6 cm. B C
6 cm
(ii) With B as a centre, construct an angle
ÐCBX = 45°.
(iii) With B as a centre, draw an arc of radius 5.3 cm to cut BX at A.
(iv) Join AC.
Hence, DABC is the reqired triangle.

5.3 cm

45°

B 6 cm C
Y
7. Steps of construction : X
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 5. 5 cm.
(ii) With C, construct an angle A
ÐBCY = 45°.
(iii) With B angle ÐCBX = 60°, BX
and CY intersect at A.
Hence, DABC is the required triangle. 60° 45°
8. Steps of construction : B 5.5 cm C
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 6.2 cm.
(ii) With B as centre, construct ÐCBX = 90°.
X
(iii) With C as centre and with radius B cm A
draw an arc of 8 cm cutting BX at A.
(iv) Join AC.
Thus, DABC is the required triangle.

B C
6.2 cm

78
 Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b)

Mental Maths Corner

1. Yes 2. No, it is impossible 3. Yes 4. No 5. No 6. ASA condition.

15 Parameter and Area

Exercise-15.1
1. Perimeter of rectangle = 2( l + b )
(i) l = 10 cm, b = 5 cm P = 2(10 + 5) = 30 cm
(ii) l = 10 cm, b = 6 cm P = 2(10 + 6) = 32 cm
(iii) l = 8 cm, b = 4 cm P = 2( 8 + 4 ) = 24 cm
2. Perimeter of an equilateral = 3 ´ side
(i) Side = 8 cm P = 3 ´ 8 = 24 cm
(ii) Side = 12 cm P = 3 ´ 12 = 36 cm
(iii) Side = 4 cm P = 3 ´ 4 = 12 cm
3. Perimeter of square = 4 ´ Side
(i) Side = 5 cm P = 4 ´ 5 = 20cm
(ii) Side = 4 cm P = 4 ´ 4 = 16cm
(iii) Side = 16 cm P = 4 ´ 16 = 64 cm
4. (i) Perimeter = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 15 + 15
= 60 cm
(ii) Perimeter = 4 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 3 = 38 cm
5. Perimeter of 1 rectangle = 2( l + b ) = 2( 8 + 4 ) = 24 cm
Length of wire = 4 ´ 24 = 96 cm
Perimeter of 6 square = 96 cm
96
Perimeter of 1 square = = 16 cm
6
16
4 ´ Side = 16 cm Side = = 4 cm
4
Yes, it is reshaped to form 6 squares, length of each side of the square is
4 cm.
6. Perimeter of equilateral triangle = Perimeter of a square
Perimeter of equilateral triangle 3 ´ Side of triangle
= =
Perimeter of square 4 ´ side of square

79
 3 ´ side of triangle
=1=
4 ´ side of square
Side of square 3
= Ans. 3 : 4
Side of triangle 4
7. Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 ´ side
8.7 = 3 ´ side
8.7
or side = = 2.9 cm
3
8. Perimeter of required triangle = 8 + 8 + 6
= 22 cm
9. Perimeter of isosceles triangle = 13x + 13x + 11x
259 = 37x
259
or x= =7
37
Now 13x = 13 ´ 7 = 91 cm
11x = 11´ 7 = 77 cm
So sides of triangle are 91 cm, 91 cm, 77 cm.
10. Perimeter of square = 4 ´ 22 = 88 cm
Cost of painting the boarder of square = ` 88 ´ 5.50
= ` 484

Exercise-15.2
1. Circumference of a circle = 2pr
(i) r = 5 cm
22
C = 2´ ´ 5 = 31.43 cm
7
(ii) r = 3 cm
22
C = 2´ ´ 3 = 18.86 cm
7
(iii) r = 2 cm
22
C = 2´ ´ 2 = 12.57 cm
7
(iv) r = 2.5 m
22
C = 2´ ´ 2.5 = 15.71 m
7
2. Circumference of a circle = pd
(i) d = 56 m
22
C = ´ 56 = 176 m
7
80
 (ii) d = 49 cm
22
C= ´ 49 = 154 cm = 1 m 54 cm
7
(iii) d = 28 m
22
C= ´ 28 = 88 m
7
(iv) d = 70 m
22
C= ´ 70 = 132 m
7
3. Diameter of wheel = 70 cm
22
Circumference of wheel = pd = ´ 70
7
= 220 cm
Distance covered by wheel in 800 revolution = 220 ´ 800
= 176000 cm = 1760 m
4. In this figure there are two half circles of diameter 14 cm and a rectangle
of sides 14 and 12 cm.
So, perimeter of given figure = perimeter of 1 circle + perimeter of
rectangle
= pd + 2( l + b )
22
= ´ 14 + 2(14 + 12)
7
= 44 + 52 = 96 cm
5. D = C - 60
22
Circumference of circle = C = pD = (C - 60)
7
7C = 22C - 1320
or ( 22 - 7) C = 1320
15C = 1320
1320
C= = 88
15
D = 88 - 60 = 28 cm
D 28
Radius = = = 14 cm
2 2
6. Perimeter of rectangle = 2( l + b ) = 2( 32 + 12)
= 2 ´ 44 = 88 cm
Perimeter of circle = Perimeter of rectangle
and Perimeter of circle = 2pr
So 2pr = 88
81
 88 88 ´ 7
or r= = = 14 cm
2p 2 ´ 22
7. Inner circumference C1 = 132 m width
2pr1 = 132 r1
132 132 ´ 7 O
r1 = = = 21 m
2p 2 ´ 22 r2
Outer circumference C 2 = 176 m
2pr2 = 176
176 176 ´ 7
r2 = = = 28 m
2p 2 ´ 22
So, width of the ring = r2 - r1 = 28 - 21 m = 7 m
8. Diameter of inner park = 154 m
154 O
Radius of inner park = = 77 m
2 154m
Circumference of outer park = 506 m
506 506 ´ 7
Radius of outer park = = = 80.5 m
2p 2 ´ 22
Hence width of the path = Radius of outer park - Radius of inner park
= ( 80.5 - 77) m = 3.5 m
9. Circumference of circle = Perimeter of rectangle
2pr = 2( l + b )
2pr = 2( 34 + 54 )
88 ´ 7
or r= = 28 cm
22
10. Distance covered by the minute hand to move in one hour or 60 minute
= Circumference of the clock
22
= 2pr = 2 ´ ´ 15 = 94.29 cm
7

Exercise-15.3
1. Area of plot = 30 ´ 20 = 600 m 2
Area of inside the passage of plot = ( 30 - 4 ) ´ ( 20 - 4 )
= 26 ´ 16 = 416 m 2
Hence Area of passage = ( 600 - 416) m 2 = 184 m 2
2. Area of park = 150 ´ 100 = 15000 m 2
Area of park included road = (150 + 4 ) ´ (100 + 4 )
= 154 ´ 104 = 16016 m 2
82
 Hence, Area of road = 16016 - 15000 = 1016 m 2
3. Area of road = Area of EFGH + Area of D J K
C
IJKL - Common area H G
= 30 ´ 2 + 20 ´ 2 - 2 ´ 2 20m
E F
= 60 + 40 - 4 = 96 m 2 A I L B
4. Area of plot = 220 ´ 160 = 35200 m 2 30m
Area of road = ( 220 ´ 6) + 160 ´ 6 - 6´ 6
= 1320 + 960 - 36 = 2244 m 2
Remaining area of plot except road
= ( 35200 - 2244 ) m 2 = 32956 m 2
Cost of paving the road = ` 20 ´ 2244
= ` 44880
Cost of levelling of remaining plot = ` 8 ´ 32956
= ` 2,63,648
Total cost = ` 2,63,648 + ` 44,880
= ` 308528
K J
5. Area of given figure = Area of EFGH + Area
of ABCD + Area of rectangle KLIJ L
G H I
2
= 4 ´ 1 + 7 ´ 1 + 7 ´ 1 = 4 + 7 + 7 = 18 cm
6. Area of park including road
= 60 ´ 60 = 3600 m 2 A F E
D
Area of road B C
= 60 ´ 1.5 + 60 ´ 1.5 - 1.5 ´ 1.5
= 90 + 90 - 2.25 = 177.75 m 2 60 m
Area of park excluding road
1.5m
= ( 3600 - 177.75) m 2
= 3422.25 m 2
7. Area of room = l ´ b 1.5m
2
= 7.5 ´ 6.5 = 48.75 m
Area of room excluding varnadah
= ( 7.5 + 1.5 + 1.5) ´ ( 6.5 + 1.5 ´ 1.5)
= 10.5 ´ 9.5 = 99.75 m 2
Hence Area of varandah = ( 99.75 - 48.75) m 2
= 51.00 m 2 = 51 m 2

83
8. Area of given figure = Area of ACPQ + Area of PDER + Area of
GHTS + Area of FBQN
= 20 ´ 5 + (15 - 5) ´ 5 + 7 ´ 5 + (15 - 5) ´ 5
= 100 + 50 + 35 + 50 = 235 m 2

Exercise-15.4
1. Area of parallelogram = base ´ height
= 12 ´ 9 = 108 cm 2
1
2. Area of triangle = ´ base ´ altitude
2
1
= ´ 14 ´ 12 = 84 cm 2
2
1
3. Area of triangle = ´ base ´ altitude
2
1
= ´ 80 ´ 45 = 1800 m 2
2
4. (i) Area of parallelogram = base ´ height
AB ´ ED = 5 ´ 3 = 15 cm 2
(ii) Area of parallelogram = base ´ height = RQ ´ LP
= 2 ´ 4.4 = 8.8cm 2
1
5. Area of DAOB = ´ base ´ height
2
1 1
= ´ AB ´ OC = ´ 5 ´ 6 = 15 cm 2
2 2
1
Area of DAOB = ´ AO ´ RB
2
1
15 = ´ 8 ´ RB
2
15
or RB = = 3.75 cm
4
6. Area of rectangle ABCD = l ´ b = 45 ´ 60 = 2700 cm 2
1
Area of triangle BCE = ´ base ´ height
2
1
= ´ 45 ´ 15 = 337.5 cm 2
2
Area of shaded portion = Area of rectangle - Area of triangle
= ( 2700 - 337.5) cm 2 = 2362.5 cm 2

84
7. Let sides of triangle are 13x, 14x and 15x
Perimeter of triangle = Sum of its sides
84 = 13x + 4x + 15x
84
42x = 84 or x= =2
42
Thus sides are 13 ´ 2 = 26 cm, 14 ´ 2 = 28 cm
and 15 ´ 2 = 30 cm
1
Now S = ( 26 + 28 + 30) = 42 cm
2
Area of triangle = 42( 42 - 26) ( 42 - 28) ( 42 - 30)
= 42 ´ 16 ´ 14 ´ 12
= 112896 = 336 cm 2
8. Let ABCD is a rhombus and AC = 24 cm
1 1
Then OA = ´ AC = ´ 24 = 12 cm
2 2
D C
In Right angle triangle OAB
AB 2 = OA 2 + OB 2
O
( 20) 2 = (12) 2 + OB 2
or OB 2 = ( 20) 2 - (12) 2
A 20 cm B
= 400 - 144 = 256
and OB = 256 = 16 cm
DB = 2 ´ OB = 2 ´ 16 = 32 cm
1
Thus, Area of rhombus = ´ product of diagonals
2
1
= ´ 32 ´ 24 = 384 cm 2
2
3
9. Area of an equilateral triangle = (side ) 2
4
3
= ´ (10) 2 = 25 3 cm 2 = 25 ´ 1.732 = 43.30 cm 2
4

Exercise-15.5
2
1. Area of circle = pr
(i) r = 7.7 cm
22
A = ´ ( 7.7) 2 = 186.34 cm 2
7

85
 (ii) r = 7 cm
22
A = ´ ( 7) 2 = 154 cm 2
7
2. (i) Area = pr 2
77 77 77 ´ 7 7´ 7 7
pr 2 = ; r2 = = ; r= = m
8 8p 8 ´ 22 8´ 2 4
7
Diameter = 2´ r = 2´ m = 3.5 m
4
(ii) Area = 616 m 2
616 616 ´ 7
pr 2 = 616 ; r2 = =
p 22
r = 28 ´ 7 ; r = 14 m
Diameter = 2r = 2 ´ 14 = 28 m
3. Area of park = 1386 m 2
pr 2 = 1386
1386 1386 ´ 7
r2 = = ; r = 63 ´ 7 = 21 m
p 22
Diameter = 2r = 2 ´ 21 = 42 m
4. Diameter of well = 150 cm
150
Radius of well = = 75 cm
2
Width of parapet = 30 cm
Radius of outer circle = 75 + 30 = 105 cm
Area of the parapet = Area of outer circle - Area of inner circle
= p (105) 2 - p ( 75) 2
22 22
= (1052 - 752 ) = (105 - 75) (105 + 75)
7 7
22
= ´ 180 ´ 30 = 16971.43cm 2 = 1.70 m 2
7
1
[As 1 m = 100 cm and 1 m 2 = 10000 cm 2 or 1cm 2 = m2 ]
10000
5. Area of figure = Area of rectangle A + Area of triangle B + Area of half
circle C
1 1
Area of figure = l ´ b + ´ base ´ height + pr 2
2 2
1 1 22
= 5´ 8 + ´ 5´ 3 + ´ ´ ( 3) 2
2 2 7
= 40 + 7.5 + 14.14 = 61.64 cm 2
86
6. Area of shaded region = Area of large semicircle - 2 ´ Area of smaller
semicircle
2 2
1 æ 28 ö 1 æ 14 ö
= pç ÷ - 2´ pç ÷
2 è 2ø 2 è 2ø
1 22
= ´ (14 2 - 2 ´ 72 )
2 7
11 11
= (196 - 98) = ´ 98 = 154 cm 2
7 7
7. Area of position of garden excluded 80
circular tank = Area of rectangular
garden - Area of circular tank 14m
60
= l ´ b - pr 2
22
= 120 ´ 80 - ´ (14 ) 2
7
= ( 9600 - 616) m 2 = 8984 m 2
Cost of turbing this portion = Rs. 984 ´ 1.20 = Rs. 10,780.80
1
8. (a) Area of that part of the field in which the goat can graze is of a
4
circle with radius 7 m
1
So Area in which goat graze = ( pr 2 )
4
1 22
= ´ ´ ( 7) 2 = 38.5 m 2
4 7
(b) Now radius of the circle = 14 m
1
Area in which goat can graze = pr 2
4
1 22
= ´ ´ (14 ) 2 = 154 m 2
4 7
Thus, increasing in grazing area = (154 - 38.5) m 2
= 115.5 m 2
9. Side of square = 10 cm
Area of square = (side ) 2 ´ 10 ´ 10 = 100 cm 2
Radius of each circle = 5 cm
1 2
Area of 4 quadrant of a circle = 4 ´ pr
4
1 22
=4´ ´ ´ ( 5) 2 = 78.57 cm 2
4 7
87
 So, Area of shaded region = Area of square - Area of 4 quadrant
= (100 - 78.57) cm 2 = 21.43cm 2
10. Area of metal sheet = 160 ´ 80 = 12800 cm 2
Area of 1 circular sheet = pr 2
22
= ´ ( 21) 2 = 1386 cm 2
7
Area of 3 same circular sheet = 3 ´ 1386 = 4158 cm 2
Area of remaining metal sheet = 12800 - 4158 = 8642 cm 2

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (b)

Mental Maths Corner

22
1. or 3.14 2. By multiplying its side with the corresponding height
7
3. Perimeter 4. 6pr 5. Area 6 2 times 7. 20 m 8. p ( r22 - r12 )

16 Data Handling

Exercise-16.1
1. The frequeny distribution table for the given data is :

Score Tally Marks Frequency

65 || 2
70 |||| 4
75 |||| || 7
80 |||| | 6
85 |||| 5
100 | 1
Total 25

88
2. The frequency distribution table for given data is :
Score Tally marks Frequency
2 || 2
5 ||| 3
6 | 1
7 ||| 3
8 | 1
9 | 1
10 ||| 3
11 || 2
12 || 2
13 || 2
14 ||| 3
15 | 1
17 || 2
18 | 1
19 | 1
20 || 2
Total 30
(a) Above 75% marks means above 15 marks out of 20.
So 6 students got more than 15 marks means 75% marks.
(b) Below 40% marks means less than 8 marks out of 20.
So 9 students got less than 40% marks.
3. (i)
Marks Tally marks Frequency
71 |||| | 6
73 |||| || 7
74 |||| |||| | 11
75 |||| |||| 10

89
 76 |||| 5
79 |||| 4
81 |||| |||| ||| 13
85 |||| 5
87 |||| |||| 9
88 |||| || 7
89 |||| |||| 8
Total 85
(ii)
Marks Tally marks Frequency
2 |||| ||| 8
4 |||| 5
5 |||| |||| ||| 13
7 |||| || 7
8 |||| | 6
9 |||| |||| | 11
Total 50
4. Y
50 Scale 5°C marks = 1 cm
45
40
Temperatire (°C)

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 X
Mon Tues Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Days

90
5. Scale = 10 Number of students
Y
70

60
Number of students
50

40

30

20

10

0 X
Red Green Blue Yellow Orange
Colour

(i) Most preferred colour is Yellow and least preferred colour..

(ii) There are 5 colours in all. They are ‘‘BGYOR’’.
6. (i) Hindi (ii) In Urdu = 500 and in Marathi = 800.
(ii) Hindi > English > Punjabi > Marathi > Urdu
(iv) Hindi + 2800 Reader English = 2600
So, difference of circulation newspaper of Hindi and English
= 2800 - 2600 = 200
7. (i) This bar graph give the information of number of members in each
family
(ii) 30 families (iii) 10 families

Exercise-16.2
1 n
1. Mean = S xi
n i =1
1555 + 1670 + 1750 + 2013 + 2540 + 2820
=
6
12348
= = 2058
6
17 + 29 + 20 + 22 + 24 + 24 + 28 + 30 + 30 + 36
2. (i) Mean =
10
250
= = 25 minutes
10

91
 250 + 14 264
(ii) New mean = = = 24 minutes
11 11
3. (i) After arranging in ascending order we get
2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
There are 7 observation
th
æ n + 1ö
Median = ç ÷ observation
è 2 ø
th
æ 7 + 1ö
Thus, Median = ç ÷ observation
è 2 ø
= 4 th observation
Median = 6
(ii) Arrange the numbers in ascending order :
2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9
There are 13 observation
th
æ 13 + 1 ö
Median = ç ÷ observation
è 2 ø
= 7th observation
Median = 5
4. Arrange the terms in ascending order
xi 4 6 8 12 15 17
fi 3 4 13 2 8 10

Cumulative frequency table

xi fi Cumulative frequency
4 3 3
6 4 7
8 13 20
12 2 22
15 8 30
17 10 40

N = Sf i = 40 It is an even number

92
 th th
æN ö æN ö
ç ÷ observation + ç + 1÷ observation
2 è 2
So Median = è ø ø
2
th th
æ 40 ö æ 40 ö
ç ÷ observation + ç + 1÷ observation
2 è 2
=è ø ø
2
8 + 12 20
= = = 10
2 2
Hence the median of the data = 10.
5. (i) Mode = 6 (ii) Mode = 36
6. As frequency of 30 marks is maximum i.e., maximum number of
students got 30 marks.
So Mode = 30
7.

Height x i No. of students Cumulative xi f i

fi frequency

165 9 9 1485

170 11 20 1870

175 12 32 2100

180 3 35 540

Sf i = 35 Sf i x i = 5995
n
S f i xi
i =1 5995
Mean = =
Sf i 35
Mean = 171.29
As N = 35 (Odd number)
th
æ N + 1ö
Median = ç ÷ observation
è 2 ø
th
æ 35 + 1 ö
=ç ÷ observation
è 2 ø
= 18th observation
Median = 170
93
 Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean
= 3 ´ 170 - 2 ´ 171.29
= 510 - 342.58 = 167.42
8.

Height x i Number of girls f i xi f i

58 25 1450
60 20 1200
64 15 960
68 10 680
78 20 1560
Sf i = 90 Sx i f i = 5850
n
S xi f i
i =1 5850
Mean = = = 65 cm
Sf i 90
9.
Wages x i Frequency f i Cumulative frequency
151 7 7
152 7 14
154 10 24
155 8 32
156 12 44
157 6 50

Number of observation = 50 (even number)

th th
æ 50 ö æ 50 ö
ç ÷ observation + ç + 1÷ observation
2 è 2
Median = è ø ø
2
155 + 155
= = 155
2
\ Median =~ 155

94
 Exercise-16.3
1. (i) Sure chance (ii) No chance
(iii) No chance (iv) Sure chance
2. Total number of balls = 5 + 9 = 14
Number of white ball = 9
9
Probability (white ball) =
14
3. Total number of possible outcomes = 2
Favourable outcome to get tail = 1
1
Probability to get tail =
2
4. Total number of matches played = 5
Possible outcome = Match to be played = 3
3
Probability of team A to win match =
5
5. Total number of possible outcome = 6 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Favourable outcome to get 3 = 1
1
Probability of getting 3 =
6
6. Total outcomes = 10 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 10)
Possible outcome to get prime number = 4 ( 2, 3, 5, 7)
4 2
Probability of getting prime number = =
10 5
7. Total number of outcome = 52
(i) Possible outcome of getting a red queen = 2
2 1
Probability of getting red queen = =
52 26
(ii) Outcome of getting an ace of spade = 1
1
Possible probability of getting an ace of spade =
52
(iii) Possible outcome to get a black jack = 2
2 1
Probability of getting a black jack = =
52 26
(iv) Possible outcome of get a king of any suit = 4
4 1
Probability of getting king of any suit = =
52 13
8. Total number of possible outcome = 52
(i) Possible outcome to get red card = 26

95
 26 1
Probability of getting red card = =
52 2
(ii) Possible outcome to get a black card = 26
26 1
Probability of getting black card = =
52 2

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (c)
13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (b)

Mental Maths Corner

1. Details of particular types of information in the form of numerical
figures.
2. 1 3. Data obtained in the original form
4. It means chances of occurrences of an event
5. HH, HT, TH, TT
6. 4
7. Range
8. The most frequently occuring value in a group of observation
9. Yes 10. 0

96
This Teacher’s Manual contains
material to guide teachers to initiate
the topics with a warm up.
Thereafter complete instructions are
given on how to proceed with each
chapter. This manual also contains
correct and possible solutions.