Chapter 9

Values of Trignometric Functions at Multiples and

Submultiples of an Angle

Exercise 9.1

O T IS
Prove the following identities:
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
(

T IO
)

PY
( )
1. =
ED PR

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
( )
( )
©

We know that 2 =1−2

=2 −1
So,
( ) ( ( ))
= ( )"#
( ) !
=
D

( )
( )
=

=
=

=
= RHS
Hence proved.

$%&'(
= *+,(
() *+$'()

O T IS
2.

Solution:
N A D
CO N
Let us consider LHS:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
( )

We know that 2 =1−2

ED PR

2 =2
So,
2 (2 )
©

=
(1 − 2 ) !(1 − (1 − 2 )"
( )
=( )

=
D

=
= RHS
Hence proved.
 $%&'(
= ,-&(
() *+$'()
3.

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:

( )

We know that 2 =1−2

2. −1

O T IS
/ 2 =2
=

N A D
CO N
So,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
( ) ( ( )
=

(
=
ED PR

=
©

=
= tanx
= RHS
Hence proved.
D

4. 0' + √' + ' *+$3( = '*+$(, 5 < ( <

7
3
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
02 + √2 + 2 4 = 2 + 02 + 2(2 2 − 1)

9 :, 2 =2 −1⇒ 4 =2 2 −1<

= 02 + √2 + 4 2 −2

= 02 + √4 2
= √2 + 2 2
= 02 + 2(2 − 1)

O T IS
N A D 9 :, 2 =2 − 1<

CO N
= √2 + 4 −2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= √4
=2
ED PR

= RHS
Hence proved..
©

) *+$'( $%&'(
= ,-&(
) *+$'( $%&'(
5.

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
D

We know that, 2 =1−2

= 2. −1
/ 2 =2
So,
! "
( )
=

O T IS
=

N A D
CO N
( )
( )
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=
ED PR

=
= RHS
Hence proved.
©

$%&( $%&'(
= ,-&(
) *+$( *+$'(
6.

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
D

We know that, 2 = −
/ 2 =2
So,
=
( )
=
=

=
=

( )
( )
=

O T IS
=
N A D
CO N
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= RHS
Hence proved.
ED PR

>+$'( 7
= ,-& ? − (@
() $%&'() 3
7.
©

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
A
( )

We know that, 2 = −
2 =2
D

So,
A
( )
=
( )( )
=
( Since, − B = ( − B)( + B) & + = 1)

( )( )
( )
=

( Since, + B = 2 B ( + B) )

O T IS
( )( )
( N A D
)( )

CO N
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
( )
( )
=
ED PR

√
Multiplying numerator and denominator by
We get,
C
( )
©

√
C
( )
=
√

C C
? @
√ √
C C
? @
=
√ √
D

D D
? E E
@
D D
? @
=
E E
F
?/ :, = @
√ G
 D
= ?E @
D
?E @
=

By using the formulas,

sin(K − L) = K L− L K
cos(K − L) = K L+ K L
F
? − @

O T IS
G
=
= RHS
N A D
CO N
Hence proved.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
*+$( 7 (
= ,-& ? + @
() $%&() 3 '
8.
ED PR

Solution;
Let us consider LHS:
©

(1 − )
We know that, 2 = −

. = −
2 2
2 =2

=2
D

2 2
So,
 O O
A
= O O

O O O O
? @? @
= O O O O

− B = ( − B)( + B)& + =
1)
( By using the formula,

O T IS
O O O O
? @? @
N A D
CO N
O O O O
? @? @
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
O O
? @
O O
? @
=
ED PR

O O
? @
O O
? @
=
©

√
Let us multiply numerator and denominator by
we get,
C O O
? @
√
C O O
? @
=
√
D

C O C O
? @
√ √
C O C O
? @
=
√ √
 D O D O
? E E
@
D O D O
? @
=
E E
F
?/ :, = @
√ G
D
PQR? @
E
D
?E @
=

F
= tan? − @
G

O T IS
= RHS
N A D
CO N
Hence proved.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D

7 T7 U7 V7
9. *+$' + >+$' + >+$' + >+$' ='
S S S S
Solution;
Let us consider LHS:
F XF YF ZF
+. +. +.
W W W W

We know that 2 =2 −1
2 +1=2
(A )

O T IS
=

So,
N A D
CO N
F XF YF ZF
+. +. +.
W W W W
O UC AA
T IO
PY
D \D C]D CED
= [
+ [
+ [
+ [

D D D D
?F @ ?F @ ? F @
+ + +
ED PR

[ [ [ [
=
F aF F cF F GF
^∵ ` − = ; `+ = ; 2` − = d
W W W W W W
©

D D D D
= [
+ [
+ [
+ [

{ we know, cos(` − K) = − K, (` + K) = − K& (2` −

K) = cosA
D D
=2 × [
+2 × [
D

F F
+1−
W W
=1+

=2
= RHS
Hence proved.
 F XF YF ZF
+ + + =2
W W W W
10.

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
3` 5` 7`
+ + +
8̀ 8 8 8
We know that,
2 =1−2

O T IS
2 =1− N A D 2

CO N
( )
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=

So,
2` 6` 10` 14`
1− 1− 1− 1−
8 + 8 + 8 + 8
ED PR

=
2 2 2 2
©

D D D D
?F @ ?F @ ? F @
= [
+ [
+ [
+ [

2` 6` 2` 10` 2` 14`
m∵ ` − = ; `+ = ; 2` − = n
8 8 8 8 8 8
D

D D D D
? @ ? @
= [
+ [
+ [
+ [
{ o: p o, (` − K) = − K, (` + K) = − K & cos(2` −
K) = K<
D D D D
= [
+ [
+ [
+ [

D D
=2 × [
+2× [

F F
+1+

O T IS
W W
=1-

N A D
CO N
=2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= R.H.S.
Hence proved.
ED PR

11. (*+$q + *+$r)' + ($%&q + $%&r)' = 3>+$'

(q r)
'

Solution:
©

Let us consider LHS:

( s+ t) + ( s+ t)
Upon expansion, we get,
( s+ t) + ( s+ t) =
s+ t+2 s t+ s+ t+2 s t
D

=
=2+2 s. t+2 s. t
= 2 (1 + s. t+ s. t)
= 2 !1 + (s − t )" :, cos(K − L) = K L+ K L
 (v w)
= 2 ?1 + 2 − 1@ [Since, cos2x = 2. − 1]
(v w)
= 2 ?2 @
(v w)
=4

= RHS
Hence proved.

O T IS
7 ( 7 ( )
12. $%&' ? + @ − $%&' ? − @ =
N A D $%&(

CO N
S ' S ' √'
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
F F
? + @− ? − @
ED PR

W W

We know, K− L = sin(K + L) sin(K − L)

©

So,
F F F F F
? + @− ? − @= ? + + − @ x + +
W W W W W
F
? − @y
W

F F F F
? + @ ? + − + @
W W W W
=
F
D

G
=
F
/ :, : =
√ G √
=

= RHS
Hence proved.
13. ) + *+$' '( = '(*+$3 ( + $%&3 ()
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
1+ 2
We know, 2 = 2 −
2 + =1

O T IS
So,
1+ 2 =( N A D + ) +( − )

CO N
=( G
+ G
+2 )+( G
+ G
−2 )
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= G
+ G
+ G
+ G

=2 G
+2 G
ED PR

=2( G
+ G )
= RHS
©

Hence proved.

14. *+$T '( + T z{| '( = 3(*+$} ( − $%&} ()

Solution:
Let us consider RHS:
4( − )
D

a a

Upon Expansion we get,

4( a
− a ) =4 ( )X − ( )X
= 4( − )( G
+ G
+ )
By using the formula,
X
− B X = ( − B)( + B + B)
=4 2 ( G
+ G
+2 − )
We know, 2 = −
So,
=4 2 ( G
+ G
+2 − )
=4 2 ( ) + ( ) +2 −

O T IS
+ B + 2 B = ( + B)
N A D
CO N
We know,

=4 2 (1) − (4 )
O UC AA
T IO G

PY
=4 2 (1) − (2 )
G

We know, sin2 = 2
ED PR

=4 2 (1) − ( 2 )
G

=4 2 ?1 − 2 @
©

We know, =1−

=4 2 1− (1 − 2 )
G

=4 2 1− + 2
G G
D

X
=4 2 + 2
G G
X
=4 ? 2 + X
2 @
G G

= 3 2 + X
2
= X
2 +3 2
= LHS
Hence proved.

15. (|~• T( + $%&()$%&( + (*+$T( − *+$()*+$( = 5

Solution:

O T IS
Let us consider LHS:
(sin 3 + )
N A D +( 3 − )

CO N
= ( 3 )( )+ +( 3 )( )−
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= ( 3 )( )+( 3 )( ) +( − )
= ( 3 )( )+( 3 )( ) −( − )
= cos( 3 − ) − 2
ED PR

We know, 2 = −
. K L+ K L = cos(K − L)
©

So,
= 2 − 2
=0
= 2 − 2
D

=0
= RHS
Hence proved.
 7 7
16. >+$' ? − (@ − €%&' ? − (@ = $%&'(
3 3
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
. ? − @−/ ? − @
4̀ 4̀
We know, . K− / K= 2K
So,
. ? − @−/ ? − @
4̀ 4̀

O T IS
F
2? − @
G
=
F
? −2 @
N A D
CO N
=
F
:, cos ? − K@ = K
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= sin2
= RHS
ED PR

Hence proved.

17. *+$3( = ) − S*+$' ( + S*+$3 (

©

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:

we know, cos2 = 2 −1
cos 4x

4 =2 2 −1
So,

= 2(2 2 − 1) − 1 = 2 (2 2 ) −1
= 2 (2 2 ) + 1 − 2 × 2 −1
D

= 2 (4 G
2 +1−4 )−1
=8 G
2 +2−8 2 −1
=8 G
2 +1−8
= RHS
Hence proved.
18. $%&3( = 3$%&(>+$' ( − 3*+$(€%&' (
Solution:

4
Let us consider LHS:

We know, sin2x = 2
2 =. − /

4 = 2 sin 2 2
So,

O T IS
= 2 (2 )(. − / )
=4 (.
N A D − / )

CO N
= 4 .. − 4/ .
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= RHS
Hence proved.
ED PR

19. 3( − ) G + 6( + ) + 4( a + a )
= 13
Solution:
©

3( − ) G + 6( + ) + 4( a + a )
Let us consider LHS:

We know, ( + B) = +B +2 B
( − B) = +B −2 B
X
+ B X = ( + B)( + B − B)

3( − ) G + 6( + ) + 4( a + a )
So,

= 39( − ) < + 69( ) <+( )

D

+2 )< + 49( ) + (.
X ) <
X

= 39 ( ) + (. ) −2 < + 6( + +
2 ) + 49( + )( G
+ G
− . )<
= 3(1 − 2 ) + 69 1 + 2 < + 49(1)(/ G
+ G
−
)<
We know, / + =1

= 391 + (2 ) −4 <+6(1+2 )+
So,

49( ) + (. ) +2 .. −3 . <

= 39 1 + 4 .. −4 < + 6( 1 + 2 )+
49( ) + (. ) −3 . )<

= 3 + 12 ..
O T IS − 12 + 6 + 12 +
N A D
CO N
49(1) − 3 . <
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= 9 + 12 . + 4(1 − 3 . )
= 9 + 12 . + 4 − 12 .
ED PR

= 13
= RHS
Hence proved.
©

20. '($%&} ( + *+$} () − T($%&3 ( + *+$3 () + )

Solution:

2( a + a )
− 3( G + G )
+1
Let us consider LHS:

we know, ( + B) = ( + B + 2 B)
( X + B X ) = ( + B)( + B − B)
D

2( a + a )
− 3( G + G )
+ 1 = 29( )X +
So,

(. )X < − 3 9( ) + (. ) < +1

= 2 9( + )9 G
+ G
− . < − 39( ) +
(. ) +2 .. −2 . <+1
= 2 9(1)( G + G
+2 . −3 . <−
39( +. ) −2 . <
We know, + . =1

= 2 9( +. ) −3 . < − 3(1) − 2 . <+

1
= 29(1) − 3 . < − 3(1 − 2 . )+1
= 2(1 − 3 . )−3+6 . +1

O T IS
=2−6 . −2+6 .
N A D
CO N
=0
= RHS
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Hence proved.

)
21. >+$} ( − €%&} ( = *+$'( ?) − $%&' '(@
3
ED PR

Solution:

. a −/ a
Let us consider LHS:

We know, ( + B) = +B +2 B
©

X
− B = ( − B)( + B + B)
X

2 (. ) + (/ ) + 2. / − . /
So,
=
2 (. ) + (/ ) − × 4. /
G
=

We know, / +. =1
D

So,
=. 2 (1) − × (2 )
G
We know, 2 =2
So,
2 1− ×( 2 )
G
=
2 1− × / 2
G
=
= RHS
Hence proved.

7 7
22. ,-& ? + (@ + ,-& ? − (@ = ' |‚z '(
3 3

O T IS
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
+ @+
?
N A D ? − @

CO N
4̀ 4̀
O UC AA
T IO
PY
We know,
tan(K + L) = (
(…† ‡ …† ˆ)
…† ‡ …† ˆ)
ED PR

tan(K − L) = (
(…† ‡ …† ˆ)
…† ‡ …† ˆ)
So,
+ −
©

? + @+ ? − @= 4̀ + 4̀
4̀ 4̀ 1− 1−
4̀ 4̀
F
=1
G
we know,
So,
…† …†
+
…† …†
=
D

( …† ) ( …† )
( …† )( …† )
=

we know, ( − B)( + B) = −B ,
( + B) = +B +2 B &
( − B) = +B −2 B
So,

…† …† …† …†
…†
=

…† …†
…†
=

! …† "

O T IS
…†
=
N A D
CO N
We know, =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
So,

‰Š‹O
x ?Œ•‰O@ y
ED PR

‰Š‹O
=
?Œ•‰O@

ŽŠ‹ O
x y
©

••‰ O
ŽŠ‹ O
=
••‰ O

••‰ O•ŽŠ‹ O
x y
••‰ O
••‰ O‘ŽŠ‹ O
=
••‰ O

We know, . +/ =1 & 2 =. −/
D

So,

C
? @
••‰ O
= ••‰ O
••‰ O
 ’“P
=

= 2 sec 2 = sec 2 )
’“P
( since,
Hence proved.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D
 Exercise 9.2

Prove that :

1. |~• U( = U$%&( − '5 €%&T ( + )}$%&U (

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin 5

O T IS
N A D
CO N
Now,
sin 5 = sin( 3 + 2 )
O UC AA
T IO
PY
But we know,
sin( + •) = •+ . • …..(i)
ED PR

So,
sin 5 = sin 3 2 + cos 3 2
= sin(2 + ) 2 + cos(2 + ) 2 … . (ii)
©

And
cos( + •) = •− • …..(iii)
Now substituting equation (i) and (iii) in equation (ii), we get
sin 5 = (sin 2 + 2 ) cos 2 + ( 2 −
2 ) sin 2
= sin 2 2 + . 2 +( 2 2 −
D

2 )
=2 sin 2 cos 2 +. 2 − / 2 ….(iv)
Now sin 2 = 2 ……..(v)
And 2 = . − / ……(vi)
Substituting equation (v) and (vi) in equation (iv), we get
5 = 2(2 )(. − / ) + (. −
/ ) − (2 )
=4( )( 1 − / −/ )+( 1−/ −
/ ) − (4/ . )
( . +/ =1 ⇒ . =1−/ )
5 = 4( 1−/ )(1 − 2/ )+ − 4/ X
1−
/

O T IS
=4 (1 − / )(1 − 2/ ) + (1 − 4/ + 4/ G ) −
4/ X
+ 4/ Y
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= (4 − 4/ X )(1 − 2/ )+ − 4/ X
+ 4/ Y
−
4/ X
+ 4/ Y
=4 − 8/ − 4/ + 8/ + − 8/ + 8/
ED PR

X X Y X Y

=5 − 20/ X
+ 16/ Y
©

= RHS
Hence proved.
D
 Exercise 9.2

Prove that:

1. 5 =5 − 20/ X
+ 16/ a

Solution:

O T IS
Let us consider LHS:
5 N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
Now,

PY
5 = (3 + 2 )
but we know,
( +• = •) ….(i)
ED PR

•+
so,
5 = 3 2 + 3 2
©

= sin(2 + ) 2 + cos( 2 + ) sin 2 ……(ii)

And
cos( + •) = •− • …..(iii)
now substituting equation (i) and (iii) in equation (ii), we get
sin 5 = (sin 2 + 2 ) 2 +( 2 −
D

2 ) sin 2
2 2 +. 2 +( 2 2 −
/ 2 )
=
=2 2 2 + . 2 +( 2 2 −
/ 2 )

=2 2 2 +. 2 −/ 2 ……(iv)
Now 2 =2 ………..(v)
And 2 =. −/ ………..(vi)

O T IS
Substituting equation (v) and (vi) in equation (iv), we get
5 = 2(2 )(. −/ ) + (. −
/ ) − (2 )
N A D
CO N
= 4( )( 1 − − )+( 1− −
O UC AA
T IO
PY
) − (4 )
( + =1 ⇒ =1− )
ED PR

5 = 4( 1− )(1 − 2 ) + (1 − 2 )
−4 X × 1−
=4 × (1 − )(1 − 2 ) + (1 − 4 +4 ) −
©

4 X
× 1−
= (4 −4 X )(1 − 2 )+ −4 X
+4 Y
−
4 X +4 Y

= 4 −8 X
−4 X
+8 Y
+ −8 X
+8 Y

= 5 − 20 X
+ 16 Y
D

= RHS
Hence proved.
2. 3 (>+$T )5° + €%&T '5° ) = T(z{| )5° + $%&'5° )
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
4 (. X
10° + / X
20° )
√X
we know that, 60° = = 30°

Sin30° = 60° =

O T IS
So,
N A D
CO N
(3 × 20° ) = cos(3 × 10° )
O UC AA
3Si 20° − 4/ 20° = 4. 10° − 3 10°
T IO
PY
X X

( we know,
sin 3™ = 3 ™ − 4/ X
™ š 3™ = 4. X
™−3 ™)
ED PR

So,
4(. X
10° + / X
20° ) = 3(sin 20° + 10° )
©

= RHS
Hence proved.

T
3. >+$T ( $%&T( + $%&T ( *+$T( = |~• 3(
3
D

Solution:
we know that,
3™ = 4. X
™ − 3 cos ™
So, 4. X
™ = . 3™ + 3 ™
 A X› X ›
. X
™=
G
…..(i)

Similarly,
3™ = 3 ™−4 X
™
4 X
™ =3 ™− 3™
X › X›
X
™ =
G
……….(ii)

O T IS
Now,
Let us consider LHS:
N A D
CO N
X
. 3 + X
3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Substituting the values from equation (i) and (ii), we get
( X X ) (X X )
X
. 3 + X
3 = +
G X GA X
ED PR

= ( 3 3 + 3 sin 3 +3 3 − 3 3 )
G

= (3 ( 3 + 3 ) + 0)
G
©

= (3 sin( 3 + )
G
( we know, sin(x+y) = •+ •
X
= sin 4
G
= RHS
D

Hence proved.
4. |~• U( = U*+$3 ($%&( − )5*+$' ($%&T ( + $%&U (
Solution;
Let us consider LHS:
5
Now,
sin 5x = (3 + 2 )

O T IS
But we know,
sin( + •) = . •+ . • …(i)
N A D
CO N
So,
5 = 3 2 + 3 2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= sin( 2 + ) 2 + cos(2 + ) sin 2 …..(ii)
ED PR

And
cos( + •) = •− • …..(iii)
Now substituting eqation (i) and (iii) in equation (ii), we get
Sin 5x = (sin 2 + 2 ) 2 + ( 2 −
©

2 ) 2 ….(iv)
Now 2 =2 … … (œ)
and 2 = − … . . (œ )
Substituting equation (v) and (vi) in equation (iv), we get
sin 5 = (2 ) +( − ) ( −
)+ ( − ) − (2 ) (2 )
D

= 2 + − X ( − )+
X
− −2 (2 )

3 . − X
− 3 . − X
+
2 G
−2 X
. −4 X
.
=
= 3 . G
− X
−3 X
− Y
+
2 G
−2 X
−4 X

. G
− X
−3 X
− Y
+
2 . −2 −4
=3
G X X

=5 G
− 10 X
+ Y

= RHS

O T IS
Hence proved.
N A D
CO N
5. $%&U( = U$%&( − '5$%&T ( + )}$%&U (
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
ED PR

Sin 5x
Now,
(3 + 2 )
©

sin 5x =
But we know,
sin( + •) = . •+ . • …(i)
So,
5 = 3 2 + 3 2
= sin( 2 + ) 2 + cos(2 + ) sin 2 …..(ii)
D

And
cos( + •) = •− • …..(iii)
Now substituting eqation (i) and (iii) in equation (ii), we get
Sin 5x = (sin 2 + 2 ) 2 + ( 2 −
2 ) 2
2 2 + 2 +( 2 2 − 2 )
=2 2 2 + 2 − 2 ……..(iv)
Now 2 =2 …….(v)
And 2 = − ………..(vi)

O T IS
Substituting equation (v) and (vi) in equation (iv), we get
5 = 2 (2 N A D )( − )cosx + ( −

CO N
)sinx − (2 )
O UC AA
=4( . )( 1 − − )+( 1− −
T IO
PY
) − (4 )
+ =1 ⇒ =1−
ED PR

( as )
5 =4( 1− )(1 − 2 ) + (1 − 2 ) −
4 X 1−
=4 (1 − )(1 − 2 ) + (1 − 4 +4 G ) −
©

4 X
+4 Y

=(4 −4 X )(1 − 2 )+ −4 X
+4 Y
−
4 X
+4 Y

= 4 −8 X
−4 X
+8 Y
+ −8 X
+8 Y

= 5 − 20 X
+ 16 Y
D

= RHS
Hence proved.
 7 7
7. ,-&( + ,-& ? + (@ − ,-& ? − (@ = T ,-&T(
T T
Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
F F
+ ? + @− ? − @
X X
D D
…† …† …† …†
+x ž
y−x
D
ž
D y
…† …† …† …†
=
ž ž

O T IS
We know that,
tan(K + L) = ? @ and tan(K − L) = ?
…† ‡ …† ˆ …† ‡ …† ˆ
N A D @

CO N
…† ‡…† ˆ …† ‡…† ˆ
O UC AA
T IO
PY
So,
√X …† √X …†
+? @−? @
√X …† √X …†
=
ED PR

! √X …† "!√X …† " ! √X …† "!√X …† "

+ Ÿ
! …† !√X" "?! …† !√X" "@
=
©
D

Simplify and cancel the similar terms of different sign in the above
expression we get,
c a…† …† c
= +? ( X…† )
@
 W…†
+ ?( )
@
X…†
=

…† ! X…† " W…†

=? ( )
@
X…†

!…† X…† ž " W…†

=? ( )
@
X…†

¡ …†
? (
X…† ž

O T IS
@
N A D
CO N
X…† )
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
X …† …† ž
=3? ( X…† )
@
ED PR

!X…† …† ž "
3 ? :, 3 = ( )
@
X…†
©

=3

= RHS
Hence proved.
D
 Exercise 9.3

Prove that:

'7 7 !√U )"

1. $%&' − $%&' =
U T S

Solution:

O T IS
Let us consider LHS:
F F F F F
− ? − @−
N A D
CO N
Y X c X
=

we know, sin (90° − K) = K

O UC AA
T IO
PY
F F F
? − @=
c c
So,
ED PR

F √X
=
X
Sin

Then the above equation becomes,

©

2
− ? @
` √3
10 2
=

F ! c √Y"
=
c G
we know,

the above equation becomes,

D

! c √Y" X
= ¢ £ −
G G
 ! c √Y" X
−
a G
=
c √Y #
a
=
√Y #
a
=
√Y #
W
=

O T IS
= RHS
Hence proved.
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
!√U )"
2. $%&' '3° − $%&' }° =
S
Solution:
ED PR

24° − 6°
Let us consider LHS:

we know, sin(K + L) (K − L) = K− / L
©

24° − 6° = (24° + 6° ) − (24° − 6° )

Then the above equation becomes,

= 30° − 18°
!√Y " !√Y "
30° − :, sin 18° =
G G
=
!√Y "
×
G
=
!√Y "
D

W
=
= RHS
Hence proved.
 !√Y "
3. $%&' 3'° − *+$' VS° = S

Solution:
42° − 78° = (90° − 48° ) − (90° − 12° )
48° − 12° [since, sin (90 − K) = K š (90 −
K) = K]
=

we know, cos (K + L) (K − L) = . K−/ L

O T IS
Then the above equation becomes,
(48° + 12° ) cos(48° − 12° )
N A D
CO N
=
!√Y "
60° 36° / :, 36° =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
3
=
!√Y "
×
3
=
ED PR

!√Y "
S
=
©

= RHS
Hence proved.

78° . 42° . 36° =

W
4.

Solution:
D

Let us consider LHS:

78° . 42° . 36°
Let us multiply and divide by 2 we get,

78° . 42° . 36° = 2 78° . 42° . 36°

we know, 2 K L= (K + L) + cos(K − L)
The the above equation becomes,

= (cos(78° + 42° ) + cos(78° − 42° )) × 36°

we know, 2 K L = cos(K + L) + cos(K − L)

Then the above equation becomes,

= (cos(78° + 42° ) + cos(78° − 42° )) × 36°

O T IS
= (cos 120° + cos 36° ) × 36°
N A D
CO N
(cos(180° − 60° ) + 36° ) × 36°
O UC AA
=

T IO
PY
= (− (60° ) + 36° ) × 36° :, (180° − K) = −K
!√Y " !√Y " !√Y "
? + @? @ [Since, cos36° =
ED PR

G G G
= ]
√Y √Y
? @? @
G G
=
©

√Y √Y
? @? @
G G
=

?!√Y" @
a
=
Y
a
=
G
D

a
=

W
=

= RHS
Hence proved.
 7 '7 37 V7 )
5. *+$ *+$ *+$ *+$ =
)U )U )U )U )}

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
F F GF ZF
Y Y Y Y
F
Y
Let us multiply and divide by 2 sin , we get,
D D D ED ¥D

O T IS
C¤ C¤ C¤ C¤ C¤
D
PQRC¤
=

we know, 2
N A D
K K= 2K

CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Then the above equation becomes,
D D ED ¥D
?PQRC¤ @ C¤ C¤ C¤
D
PQR
=
ED PR

C¤

We know, 2 K K= 2K
Then the above equation becomes,
©

D D ED ¥D
?PQRC¤ @ C¤ C¤ C¤
D
PQRC¤
=

Now, multiply and divide by 2 we get,

D D ED ¥D
? PQRC¤ C¤
@ C¤ C¤
D
× PQRC¤
=

we know, 2 K K= 2K
D

Then the above equation becomes,

ED ED ¥D
?PQRC¤ @ C¤ C¤
D
G PQRC¤
=
Now, multiply and divide by 2 we get,

ED ED ¥D
? PQRC¤ C¤
@ C¤
D
× G PQR
=
C¤

we know, 2 K K= 2K
Then the above equation becomes,
[D ¥D
?PQRC¤ @

O T IS
C¤
D
W PQRC¤
=
N A D
CO N
Now, multiply and divide by 2 we get,
O UC AA
[D ¥D

T IO
PY
PQRC¤
C¤
D
× W PQRC¤
=

we know, 2 K L = sin(K + L) + sin(K − L)

ED PR

Then the above equation becomes,

[D ¥D [D ¥D
PQR?C¤ @ PQR?C¤ C¤ @
C¤
©

D
aPQRC¤
=

D
$%& (7) $%&?C¤ @
D
aPQRC¤
=

a
=

= RHS
D

Hence proved.
 Exercise 9.3

Prove that:

'7 7 !√U )"

1. $%&' − $%&' =
U T S

O T IS
Solution:
N A D
CO N
Let us consider LHS:
F F F F F
− ? − @−
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Y X c X
=

we know, sin (90° − K) = K

F F F
? − @=
ED PR

c c
So,
F √X
=
X
Sin
©

Then the above equation becomes,

2
− ? @
` √3
10 2
=

F ! c √Y"
=
c G
we know,
D

the above equation becomes,

! c √Y" X
= ¢ £ −
G G
 ! c √Y" X
−
a G
=
c √Y #
a
=
√Y #
a
=
√Y #
W

O T IS
=

= RHS
N A D
CO N
Hence proved.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
!√U )"
2. $%&' '3° − $%&' }° =
S
ED PR

Solution:

24° − 6°
Let us consider LHS:

we know, sin(K + L) (K − L) = K− / L
©

24° − 6° = (24° + 6° ) − (24° − 6° )

Then the above equation becomes,

= 30° − 18°
!√Y " !√Y "
30° − :, sin 18° =
G G
=
!√Y "
×
G
D

=
!√Y "
W
=
= RHS
Hence proved.
 !√Y "
3. $%&' 3'° − *+$' VS° = S

Solution:
42° − 78° = (90° − 48° ) − (90° − 12° )
48° − 12° [since, sin (90 − K) = K š (90 −
K) = K]
=

we know, cos (K + L) (K − L) = . K−/ L

O T IS
N A D
CO N
Then the above equation becomes,
= (48° + 12° ) cos(48° − 12° )
O UC AA
T IO
PY
!√Y "
60° 36° / :, 36° =
3
=
!√Y "
×
ED PR

3
=
!√Y "
S
=
©

= RHS
Hence proved.

78° . 42° . 36° =

W
4.
D

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
78° . 42° . 36°
Let us multiply and divide by 2 we get,

78° . 42° . 36° = 2 78° . 42° . 36°

we know, 2 K L= (K + L) + cos(K − L)
The the above equation becomes,

= (cos(78° + 42° ) + cos(78° − 42° )) × 36°

we know, 2 K L = cos(K + L) + cos(K − L)

Then the above equation becomes,

O T IS
= (cos(78° + 42° ) + cos(78° − 42° )) × 36°
N A D
(cos 120° + cos 36° ) ×

CO N
= 36°
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= (cos(180° − 60° ) + 36° ) × 36°

= (− (60° ) + 36° ) × 36° :, (180° − K) = −K

ED PR

!√Y " !√Y " !√Y "

? + @? @ [Since, cos36° =
G G G
= ]
√Y √Y
? @? @
©

G G
=
√Y √Y
? @? @
G G
=

?!√Y" @
a
=
Y
D

a
=
G
a
=

W
=

= RHS
Hence proved.
 7 '7 37 V7 )
5. *+$ *+$ *+$ *+$ =
)U )U )U )U )}

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
F F GF ZF
Y Y Y Y
F
Y
Let us multiply and divide by 2 sin , we get,

O T IS
D D D ED ¥D
C¤ C¤ C¤ C¤ C¤
N A D D
PQRC¤

CO N
=

we know, 2 K K= 2K
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Then the above equation becomes,
D D ED ¥D
?PQRC¤ @
ED PR

C¤ C¤ C¤
D
PQRC¤
=

We know, 2 K K= 2K
©

Then the above equation becomes,

D D ED ¥D
?PQRC¤ @ C¤ C¤ C¤
D
PQR
=
C¤

Now, multiply and divide by 2 we get,

D D ED ¥D
? PQRC¤ C¤
@ C¤ C¤
D
× PQRC¤
D

we know, 2 K K= 2K
Then the above equation becomes,
ED ED ¥D
?PQRC¤ @ C¤ C¤
D
G PQRC¤
=
Now, multiply and divide by 2 we get,

ED ED ¥D
? PQRC¤ C¤
@ C¤
D
× G PQRC¤
=

we know, 2 K K= 2K

O T IS
Then the above equation becomes,
[D ¥D
?PQRC¤ @ C¤
N A D
CO N
D
W PQRC¤
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Now, multiply and divide by 2 we get,
[D ¥D
PQRC¤ C¤
D
× W PQR
=
ED PR

C¤

we know, 2 K L = sin(K + L) + sin(K − L)

Then the above equation becomes,
©

[D ¥D [D ¥D
PQR?C¤ @ PQR?C¤ C¤ @
C¤
D
aPQRC¤
=

D
$%& (7) $%&?C¤ @
D
aPQRC¤
=

a
=
D

= RHS
Hence proved.