Angiosperm Flower Development Guide
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Tina LalAngiosperm Flower Development Guide
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Tina LalCHAPTER 2
1. Name the parts of an angiosperm flower in which development of male and female
gametophyte take place.
2. Differentiate between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. Which type of cell division
occurs during these events? Name the structures formed at the end of these two events.
3. Arrange the following terms in the correct developmental sequence: Pollen grain,
sporogenous tissue, microspore tetrad, pollen mother cell, male gametes.
4. With a neat, labelled diagram, describe the parts of a typical angiosperm ovule.
5. What is meant by monosporic development of female gametophyte?
6. With a neat diagram explain the 7-celled, 8-nucleate nature of the female gametophyte.
7. What are chasmogamous flowers? Can cross-pollination occur in cleistogamous flowers?
Give reasons for your answer.
8. Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers.
9. What is self-incompatibility? Why does self-pollination not lead to seed formation in self-
incompatible species?
10. What is bagging technique? How is it useful in a plant breeding programme?
11. What is triple fusion? Where and how does it take place? Name the nuclei involved in triple
fusion.
12. Why do you think the zygote is dormant for sometime in a fertilised ovule?
13. Differentiate between: (a) hypocotyl and epicotyl; (b) coleoptile and coleorrhiza; (c)
integument and testa; (d) perisperm and pericarp.
14. Why is apple called a false fruit? Which part(s) of the flower forms the fruit?
15. What is meant by emasculation? When and why does a plant breeder employ this
technique?
16. If one can induce parthenocarpy through the application of growth substances, which fruits
would you select to induce parthenocarpy and why?
17. Explain the role of tapetum in the formation of pollen-grain wall. 18. What is apomixis and
what is its importance?
18. With a neat diagram explain-
a. L.S. of a flower
b. A typical stamen; three–dimensional cut section of an anther
c. Transverse section of a young anther; Enlarged view of one microsporangium
showing wall layers; A mature dehisced anther
d. stages of a microspore maturing into a pollen grain
e. a typical anatropous ovule
f. Parts of the ovule showing a large megaspore mother cell, a dyad and a tetrad of
megaspores
g. 2, 4, and 8-nucleate stages of embryo sac and a mature embryo sac
h. A diagrammatic representation of the mature embryo sac
i. Pollen grains germinating on the stigma
j. Pollen tubes growing through the style
k. L.S. of pistil showing path of pollen tube growth
l. enlarged view of an egg apparatus showing entry of pollen tube into a synergid
m. Discharge of male gametes into a synergid and the movements of the sperms, one
into the egg and the other into the central cell
n. Fertilised embryo sac showing zygote and Primary Endosperm Nucleus (PEN)
o. Stages in embryo development in a dicot
p. A typical dicot embryo; L.S. of an embryo of grass
q. Structure of some seeds. False fruits of apple and strawberry
19.