1. Polygraph - John A.
Larson
o John A. Larson invented the modern polygraph in 1921, which
measures physiological responses like heart rate and blood
pressure to detect lies.
2. Cardio-Pneumo Psychogram (early polygraph technique) -
Leonarde Keeler
o Leonarde Keeler improved the polygraph by adding
measurements for changes in blood pressure and respiration.
3. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) - Vittorio Benussi
o Vittorio Benussi pioneered the use of galvanic skin response,
where changes in skin conductivity are measured as part of lie
detection.
4. Relevant/Irrelevant Question Technique - August Vollmer
o Vollmer, a police chief, contributed to developing questioning
techniques for lie detection, which involved asking relevant and
irrelevant questions.
5. Control Question Test (CQT) - John Reid
o John Reid developed the CQT method, a key polygraph
technique, by comparing responses to controlled questions
versus relevant questions.
6. Voice Stress Analysis - Lippold and Aronson
o They contributed to the development of techniques that analyze
changes in voice stress to detect deception.
7. Computerized Polygraph - Cleve Backster
o Cleve Backster worked on advancing polygraph techniques,
including developing the modern computerized polygraph
system.
8. Layered Voice Analysis (LVA) - Nemesysco
o Nemesysco pioneered the LVA system, which claims to detect
emotional states and potential deception by analyzing voice.
9. Behavioral Analysis Interview (BAI) - John E. Reid
o Reid also developed this interview technique, which involves
analyzing verbal and non-verbal cues during questioning.
10. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) for lie
detection - Daniel Langleben
o Daniel Langleben explored the use of fMRI to detect lies by
measuring brain activity, offering a neurological approach to lie
detection.