CHAPTER
1 Sets
8. (a) bN = {bx : x ÎN}; cN = {cx : x ÎN}
1. (a) B A \ bN Ç cN = {x : x is multiple of b and c both}
= { x: x is multiple of l.c.m. of b and c }
B¢ – A¢ and A – B
= { x : x is multiple of b c}
[given b and c are relatively prime \ l.c.m. of b
and c = bc]
2. (b) Let A = {q : sin q = tan q} \ bN Ç cN = {bc x : x ÎN} = dN (Given)
and B = {q : cos q = 1} \ d = bc.
ì sin q ü 9. (a) (A È B È C) È (A Ç B' Ç C' )' Ç C'
\ A = íq : sin q = ý = (A È B È C) Ç (A' È B È C ) Ç C'
î cos qþ
= [(A Ç A') È (B È C)] Ç C' = (f È B È C) Ç C'
= {q : sin q (cos q – 1) = 0} = {q = 0, p, 2p, 3p,.....} = (B È C) Ç C' = (B Ç C') È (C Ç C’)
For B : cos q = 1 Þ q = p, 2p, 4p,...... = (B Ç C') È f = B Ç C'
This shows that A is not contained in B. i.e. A Ë B. 10. (a) Total number of persons = a + b + c + n
but B Ì A. = 100
3. (c) n(P(S)) = 23 = 8 elements.
Total 100
n(P(P(S))) = 28 = 256 elements.
4. (c) Let n be the number of newspapers which Fish (50)
Chicken (60)
are read. Then 60 n = (300) (5) Þ n = 25
a c b
5. (a) From Venn-Euler’s Diagram.
(A È B) '
U n
(A 'Ç B) Do not prefer fish b + n = 50
60 prefer chicken hence b + c = 60
A B Do not like fish and chicken is n = 10
On solving these equations we will get a = 30,
b = 40, c = 20
\ (A È B) ' È (A 'Ç B) = A ' The number of persons who prefer both fish
6. (b) Given set can be written as and chicken is = c = 20
(A – B) È (B – A) = (A È B) – (A Ç B) 11. (c) {(A – B) È (B – C) È (C – A)}¢
(By definition of symmetric difference) = (A – B)¢ Ç (B – C)¢ (C – A)¢
Hence, (A \ B) È (B \ A) = (A È B) \ (A Ç B) = [(U – (A – B)) Ç (U – (B – C) Ç (U – (C – A))]
7. (b) A = {x : |x| < 1} = (–1, 1) A B
Since, |x| < 1 Þ –1< x < 1
B = {x : |x–1| ³ 1} = (– ¥, 0] È [2, ¥) A– B
Since, |x –1| ³ 1 Þ x–1£ –1 or x – 1³ 1
Þ x £ 0 or x ³ 2 C –A C
\ A È B = (– ¥ , 0] È [2, ¥ ) È (–1, 1)
= (– ¥, 1) È [2, ¥ ) = R – [1, 2) By Venn - diagram = (A Ç B Ç C)
\ D = [1, 2) = { x : 1 £ x < 2}
76 MATHEMATICS
12. (d) n(A) = 1000, n(B) = 500, Hence a = 20k and b = 60k, then
n(A Ç B) ³ 1 & n(A È B) = p n = 100k – 20k – 60k = 20k
Also, n(A È B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A Ç B) The difference between those who opted for
Þ p = 1000 + 500 – n (A Ç B) ‘Surf blue’ and those who were uncertain
Q 1 £ n(A Ç B) £ 500 = 60k – 20k = 40k = 720 hence, k = 18,
Hence p £ 1499 and p ³ 1000 Þ 1000 £ p £ 1499 Hence total number of persons covered in
13. (a) Minimum value of n survey
= 100 – (30 + 20 + 25 +15) = 100 – 90 = 10 = 100k = 1800
14. (a) Let the number of students who take only 18. (c) From the given information (C) = 80,
Math be x and only Chemistry be y. (F) = 40, and (C Ç F) = (n)
Hence (U) = (C) + (F) – (C Ç F) + (n)
M C
Or 80 + 40 – x + x = 120
x 30
y
19. (d) If number of students who like chocolate
=a+c
Number of students who like Biscuit = b + c
So, from the Venn diagram, we have total number Number of students who like Both = c
of students who take Math = x + 30 and take Number of students who like none = n = 10
Chemistry = y + 30. From the given condition 100 = a + b + c + n
According to question, we have Since 60 of them don’t like Chocolate, hence
10 b + n = 60 or b = 50
30 = ( x + 30) And 50 of them don’t like Biscuit hence a + n
100
= 50, a = 40
12
Þ x = 270 and 30 = ( 30 + y ) Hence 100 = 40 + 50 + c + 10 or c = 0
20. (b) The given information can be represented
100
Þ y = 220 as follows.
x + y + 30= 270 + 220 + 30 = 520. U = 100
15. (a) See the following Venn diagram
I M F
23
4–x
x
29
W
n (I) = 29 + 23 = 52; n (F) = 100 – 52 = 48
n (m È D ) = n ( m ) + n ( D ) - n ( m Ç D )
24 = 23 + 4 - n (m Ç D) \ n (m Ç D) = 3
\ n( W Ç D) = 4 - 3 = 1 Now from the given information we can frame
16. (b) C stands for set of students taking following equations-
economics c = 18, f + c = 23, f + g = 8,
E C c + f + g + e = 28, a + d + f + g = 48,
a b c d + g = 10, n = 24
g
People who read exactly two consecutive
d e months is represented by d and e.
f f + c = 23 and c = 18 \ f= 5
f + g = 8 and f = 5 \ g=3
M d + g = 10 and g = 3 \ d=7
a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 40; a + b + d + g = 16 c + f + g + e = 28, c = 18, f = 5 and g = 3
b + c + e + g = 22; d + e + f + g = 26 \ e = 2 or \ d + e = 9
b + g = 5; e + g = 14; g = 2 21. (4) We have
Go by backward substitution
e = 12, b = 3, d + f = 12, c + e = 17 Þ c = 5; n (U) = 100, where U stands for universal set
a + d = 11 n (M Ç C Ç T) = 10; n (M Ç C) = 20;
a +d + f = 18 Þ f = 7 \ d = 12 – 7 = 5 n (C Ç T) = 30; n (M Ç T) = 25;
17. (c) Let those who opted for Nirma = a and n (only M ) = 12; n (only C) = 5; n (only T) = 8
those who opted Surf Blue = b and those who Filling all the entries we obtain the Venn diagram
opted for none is n. as shown below :
Solutions 77
C U = Total students – n(C È F È H)
M
12 10 5 n 28
n(C¢ Ç F¢ Ç H¢)= 80 – 52 = 28, So = =7
10 4 4
15 20
23. (7) The given condition is as follows-
8 T
\ n (M È C È T)
= 12 + 10 + 5 + 15 + 10 + 20 + 8 = 80
\ n (M È C È T)' = 100 – 80 = 20 = n.
n 20
So, = =4
5 5
22. (7) Numbers which are divisible by 5 are 5,
10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70,
75, 80 they are 16 in numbers. Now, Numbers
which are divisible by 7 are 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, We know that {(a + d + e + g) + ( b + d + f + g)
49, 56, 63, 70, 77 they are 11 in numbers. + (c + e + f + g)} – ( d + e + f) – 2g
Also, total odd numbers = 40 =a+b+c+d+e+f+g
Let C represents the students who opt. for or 61x + 46x + 29x – 25x – 2g = 97x
cricket, F for football and H for hockey. or 2g = 14x or g = 7x. So 7% of people
\ we have n(C) = 40, n(F) = 16, n(H) = 11 watched all the three movies)
Now, C Ç F = Odd numbers which are divisible 24. (4) n (A È B) is minimum when A Í B. In this
by 5. case, (A È B) = B and hence minimum value of
CÇ H = Odd numbers which are divisible by 7. n (A È B) = n(B) = 7.
F Ç H = Numbers which are divisible by both 5 n (A È B) is maximum when A and B are disjoint.
and 7. \ Maximum value of n (A È B) = 4 + 7 = 11.
n(C Ç F), 8, n(C Ç H) = 6, So 11 – 7 = 4
n(FÇ H) = 2, n (C Ç F Ç H) = 1
We Know 25. (3) 2m - 2n = 112 Þ 2 n (2 m- n - 1) = 16.7
n(CÈFÈH) = n(C) + n(F) + n(H) \ 2n (2m -n - 1) = 24 (23 - 1)
– n(C Ç F) – n(C Ç H)
– n(F Ç H) + n(C Ç H Ç F) Comparing, we get n = 4 and m – n = 3
n(CÈFÈH) = 67 – 16 + 1 = 52 Þ n = 4 and m = 7
\ n(C¢ Ç F¢ Ç H¢) So m – n = 7 – 4 = 3