Chapter 1 – IET
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies
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After completing this chapter, the students
will be able to:
▪ Develop knowledge about the era of industrial evolutions
▪ Identify the technological advances that made the industrial revolution
possible
▪ Analyze the changing conditions created by the industrial revolution in
both Europe and the united states
▪ Identifies and understand the programmable device
▪ Understand concepts relating to the design of human-computer interfaces.
▪ Develop general knowledge about emerging technologies. 2
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
▪ Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new
technologies.
▪ Emerging technology is all about the new technical innovations or
advancements being made.
▪ Technologies that are creating or are expected to create significant
social or economic effects.
▪ Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of
society through technological development.
▪ Any form of technology that is novel in nature, brings knowledge
and innovates towards change.
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Emerging Technology
➢Emerging technology is used to describe a new technology, but it
may also refer to the continuing development of existing technology.
➢It can have slightly different meanings when used in different areas,
such as media, business, science, or education.
➢It also refers to technologies that are currently developing, or that are
expected to be available within the next five to ten years.
➢It is usually reserved for technologies that are creating or are expected
to create significant social or economic effects.
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Cont.….
➢Technology: 1610s, "discourse or treatise on an art or the arts," from Greek
tekhnologia "systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique," originally
referring to grammar, from tekhno- (see techno-) + -logy. The meaning
"science of the mechanical and industrial arts" is first recorded in 1859.
➢Evolution: it means the process of developing by gradual changes. This noun
is from Latin evolutio, "an unrolling or opening," combined from the prefix e-,
"out," plus volvere, "to roll."
❖Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of society
through technological development.
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List of some currently available emerged
technologies
✓ Artificial Intelligence ✓ Internet of Things (IoT)
✓ Block chain ✓ Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
✓ Augmented Reality and ✓ Big Data
Virtual Reality
✓ Robotic Processor
✓ Cloud Computing Automation (RPA)
✓ Angular and React
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Cont....
▪ It was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took
place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
▪ Industrial – Having to do with industry, business or manufacturing
▪ Revolution – a huge change or a change in the way things are done
▪ Industrial Revolution – a change from making things by hand to
making them in factories. or fundamental change in the way goods
were produced, from human labor to machines.
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Cont....
➢IR was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, from human labor
to machines.
➢Machines were invented which replaced human labor.
➢New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water, steam,
electricity, oil (gas, kerosene).
➢Increased use of metals and minerals. such as, Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.
➢Transportation improved
✓ Ships
✓Wooden ships → Iron ships → Steel ships ,
✓Wind-powered sails → Steam-powered boilers
✓ Trains & Automobiles 9
Cont....
➢Communication improved
✓ Telegraph
✓ Telephone
✓ Radio
➢ An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a society shifts from using
tools to make products to use new sources of energy, such as coal, to power
machines in factories.
➢The revolution started in England (Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution),
with a series of innovations to make labor more efficient and productive. 10
Cont....
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Cont....
➢Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally
changed and transfer the world around us into modern society.
✓ The steam engine,
✓ The age of science and mass production, and
✓ The rise of digital technology
✓ Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine
learning.
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The four types of industries are:
▪ The primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining,
farming, and fishing.
▪ The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars
and steel.
▪ The Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
▪ The quaternary industry involves research and development
industries e.g. IT.
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1. Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
▪ IR is described as a transition to
new manufacturing processes.
▪ The first IR included going
from hand production methods
to machines, the increasing use
of steam power.
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2. Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
✓Known as the Technological
Revolution, began somewhere in
the 1870s.
✓New technological systems
were introduced, such as
electrical power and
telephones.
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3. Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
✓ The transition from mechanical and analog
electronic technology to digital electronics
which began from the late 1950s.
✓ Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0
was given the nickname, “Digital
Revolution”. The mass production and
widespread use of digital logic circuits and its
derived technologies such as the computer,
handphones and the Internet. 16
4. Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
✓Advancements in various technologies such as robotics, Internet of Things
(IoT),additive manufacturing and autonomous vehicles.
✓ Coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of World Economic
Forum, in the year 2016.
✓A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or monitored by computer-
based algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its users.
✓ Example, usage of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines which is operated
by giving it instructions using a computer and the adoption of Artificial Intelligence
(AI). 17
Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
▪ These machines are operated by
giving it instructions using a
computer.
▪ Another major breakthrough that is
associated with IR 4.0 is the
adoption of Artificial Intelligence
(AI), where we can see it being
implemented into our smartphones.
▪ AI is also one of the main elements Figure:- Anybody Connected device (ABCD)
that give life to Autonomous
Vehicles and Automated Robots.
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Cont. ..
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Cont. ..
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Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
▪ Data, in today’s business and technology world, is indispensable/
essential.
▪ Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since we are living in
the age of big data, and drives or even determines the future of science,
technology, the economy, and possibly everything in our world today and
tomorrow.
▪ Scientific methods is based on data
▪ The world is full of data.
▪ Every action that you do is data. Every word you speak is a data. You
walk, you dance, you speak, you sleep, you study, everything is data.
▪ So, data acts as an input and in this world, whatever systems exist, it
will take data as an input.
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Enabling devices and network (Programmable
devices)
▪ In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of devices:
➢ Memory devices store random information such as the contents of a
spreadsheet or database.
➢ Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of
tasks such as running a word processing program or video game.
➢ Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to-device
interfacing, data communication, signal processing, data display, timing and
control operations, and almost every other function a system must perform.
➢ The network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network
devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the
sharing of data.
• An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which connects millions of
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people all over the world.
Programmable devices
✓ PLD (Programmable Logic Device):- is an electronic component used to build
reconfigurable digital circuits. & PLD has an undefined function at the time of
manufacture.
✓ Programmable devices :- Any device whose operation is controlled by a stored program
that can be changed or replaced.
✓ Programmable devices usually refer to chips that incorporate field programmable logic
devices (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) and programmable logic
devices (PLD).
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List of some Programmable devices
▪ Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?
✓ Because what makes a computer a computer is that it follows a set of
instructions.
• Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable • Xmos Semiconductor L series
system-on-chip (PSoC) family
Achronix Speedster SPD60
• Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
• Actel’s
• Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
• Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
• Silicon Blue Technologies
• Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
• Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6 24
Cont. ..
▪ A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service Enabling
Devices (SEDs), which can include:
✓Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
✓ Modems
✓ Routers & Switches
✓ Conferencing equipment
✓ Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
✓ Hosting equipment and servers 25
Human to Machine Interaction
▪ Human-machine interaction (HMI) : refers to the communication
and interaction between a human and a machine via a user interface.
▪ HCI (human-computer interaction): the study of how people
interact with computers and to what extent computers are or are not
developed for successful interaction with human beings.
▪ How do users interact with computers?: The user interacts
directly with hardware for the human input and output such as
displays, e.g. through a graphical user interface.
▪ The user interacts with the computer over this software interface
using the given input and output (I/O) hardware.
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Human to Machine Interaction
▪ How important is human-computer interaction?
▪ Improve the interaction between users and computers by making
computers more user-friendly and receptive to the user's needs.
▪ Advantages
▪ Simplicity,
▪ Ease of deployment & operations,
▪ Reduce solution design time and
▪ Integration complexity and
▪ Cost savings for smaller set-ups.
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Disciplines Contributing to Human-
Computer Interaction (HCI)
✓Cognitive psychology:- Limitations, information processing,
performance prediction, cooperative working and capabilities
✓Computer science:- Including graphics, technology, prototyping
tools, user interface management systems.
✓Linguistics:- Including natural language interfaces
✓ Engineering and design:- Engineering principles and Graphic
design
✓ Artificial intelligence:- Intelligent software
✓ Human factors:- Display readability and Hardware design 28
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
✓5G Networks:- enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually
everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.
✓ Artificial Intelligence (AI):- is a wide-ranging branch of computer science
concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically
require human intelligence.
✓ Autonomous Devices:- Autonomous things/devices/machines can be in any shapes
(robots, drones, vehicles) and can handle tasks without human intervention.
✓ Blockchain፡- is a distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer
network. As a database, a blockchain stores information electronically in digital
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format.
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
✓ Augmented Analytics:- is the use of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and
machine learning (ML) to transform how analytics can be built, consumed and shared.
✓ Enhanced Edge Computing:- is a distributed computing framework that brings enterprise
applications closer to data sources such as IoT devices or local edge servers.
✓ Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces:- are not some type of virtual reality. Rather, it is
a physical environment decked out with technology. This technology is implemented with
monitors and sensors that enable humans and integrated technological systems to interact.
✓ pulls a person into a new or augmented reality, enhancing everyday life (by making it more
engaging or satisfying) via technology. They often use one or more technologies linked
together. 30
End of Chapter One!
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