Intake
Intake
• Whenever the water is withdrawn from a
surface source such as a lake or a river or a
reservoir, then an intake structure must be
constructed at the entrance of the conduit.
Basic functions of Intake
• The basic function of the intake structure is:
To help in safely withdrawing water from the
source over a predetermined range of pool
levels.
To discharge this water into the withdrawal
conduit (normally called intake conduit),
through which it flows up to the water
treatment plant.
An intake structure helps in protecting the
conduit from being damaged or clogged by ice,
trash, debris, etc.
Basic functions of Intake
• It may vary from a simple concrete block
supporting the end of the conduit pipe to huge
concrete towers housing intake gates, screens,
pumps, etc. and even sometimes, living quarters
and shops for operating personnel.
TYPES OF INTAKES
Simple Submerged Intake
• A simple submerged intake consists of a simple
concrete block or a rock filled timber crib supporting
the starting end of the withdrawal pipe.
• The withdrawal pipe is generally taken up to the sump
well at shore, from where, the water is lifted by pumps.
• The intake opening is generally covered by screen so as
to prevent the entry of debris, ice, etc. into the
withdrawal conduit.
• In case of lakes, where silt tends to settle down, the
intake opening is generally kept at about 2 to 2.5 m
above the bottom of the lake and thus to avoid the entry
of large amounts of silt and sediment.
Simple Concrete Block
Rock Filled Timber Crib
INTAKES
Location of an Intake
• The site for locating the intake should be
selected carefully, keeping the following points
in mind:
(i) Site of intake should be near the treatment
plant.
(ii) The intake must be located in the purer zone of
the source so that the best possible quality of water
is withdrawn from the source, thereby reducing the
load on the treatment plant.
Location of an Intake
• (iii) The intake must never be located at the
downstream or in the vicinity of the point of
disposal of wastewater.
• When it becomes necessary to locate the intake
in the close proximity of the disposal of a drain
etc., it is advisable to construct a weir or a
barrage upstream of the disposal point and
install the intake upstream of 'the barrage.
Location of an Intake
• (iv) The intake should never be located near
the navigation channels, as otherwise, there are
chances of intake water getting polluted due to
the discharge of refuse and waste from ships
and boats.
• (v) The site should be such as to permit greater
withdrawal of water, if required at a future
date.
Location of an Intake
• (vi)The intake must be located at a place from
where it can draw water even during the driest
period of the year.
• Thus, the intake must be located in deep
waters, sufficiently away from the shore line.
• As otherwise during dry periods, when the
water level goes down the intake may be left
dry without any water to be drawn from it.
Location of an Intake
• (Vii)The intake site should remain easily
accessible during floods and should not get
flooded.
• The flood waters should not be concentrated in
the vicinity of the intake.
Meandering Rivers
Location of an Intake
• (viii) In meandering rivers, the intakes should not
be located on curves or at least on sharp curves. If
they have to be located on curves, it will be better
to locate them on concave banks rather than
locating them on convex banks.
• Although scouring tendencies will be more on the
concave side ; yet at least, the water will remain
available on this side.
• whereas, on a convex bank, water may not remain
available due to silting and consequent blockage.
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