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Heathrow 2015 Data Sampling Analysis

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Stefan Albert
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9 views3 pages

Heathrow 2015 Data Sampling Analysis

Uploaded by

Stefan Albert
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Sampling - Year 1 Statistics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

com
PMT

1. Helen is studying one of the qualitative variables from the large data set for Heathrow
from 2015.
She started with the data from 3rd May and then took every 10th reading.
There were only 3 different outcomes with the following frequencies

Outcome A B C

Frequency 16 2 1

(a) State the sampling technique Helen used.


(1)
(b) From your knowledge of the large data set
(i) suggest which variable was being studied,
(ii) state the name of outcome A.
(2)
George is also studying the same variable from the large data set for Heathrow from 2015.
He started with the data from 5th May and then took every 10th reading and obtained
the following

Outcome A B C

Frequency 16 1 1

Helen and George decided they should examine all of the data for this variable for
Heathrow from 2015 and obtained the following

Outcome A B C

Frequency 155 26 3

(c) State what inference Helen and George could reliably make from their original
samples about the outcomes of this variable at Heathrow, for the period covered by
the large data set in 2015.
(1)
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Sampling - Year 1 Statistics [Link]
PMT

2. (a) State one disadvantage of using quota sampling compared with simple random
sampling.
(1)
In a university 8% of students are members of the university dance club.
A random sample of 36 students is taken from the university.
The random variable X represents the number of these students who are members of the dance club.
(b) Using a suitable model for X, find
(i) P(X = 4)
(ii) P(X  7)
(3)
Only 40% of the university dance club members can dance the tango.
(c) Find the probability that a student is a member of the university dance club and can
dance the tango.
(1)
A random sample of 50 students is taken from the university.
(d) Find the probability that fewer than 3 of these students are members of the
university dance club and can dance the tango.
(2)
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Sampling - Year 1 Statistics [Link]
PMT

3. Stav is studying the large data set for September 2015


He codes the variable Daily Mean Pressure, x, using the formula y = x − 1010
The data for all 30 days from Hurn are summarised by

∑ y = 214     ∑ y2 = 5912
(a) State the units of the variable x
(1)
(b) Find the mean Daily Mean Pressure for these 30 days.
(2)
(c) Find the standard deviation of Daily Mean Pressure for these 30 days.
(3)
Stav knows that, in the UK, winds circulate
• in a clockwise direction around a region of high pressure
• in an anticlockwise direction around a region of low pressure
The table gives the Daily Mean Pressure for 3 locations from the large data set on 26/09/2015

Location Heathrow Hurn Leuchars

Daily Mean Pressure 1029 1028 1028

Cardinal Wind Direction

The Cardinal Wind Directions for these 3 locations on 26/09/2015 were, in random order,

W     NE     E

You may assume that these 3 locations were under a single region of pressure.
(d) Using your knowledge of the large data set, place each of these Cardinal Wind
Directions in the correct location in the table.
Give a reason for your answer.
(2)
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Common questions

Powered by AI

Helen and George's original samples suggest that outcome A is the most frequent, but their sample sizes were too small to make definitive inferences. A larger sample including all data confirmed outcome A as the most common .

Helen employed systematic sampling by taking every 10th reading starting from 3rd May .

To verify independence, clarify whether dancing tango is unaffected by additional factors influencing club membership. This involves statistical independence tests on diversely sourced samples, ensuring such probabilities reflect actual independent circumstances in data collection .

The probability can be calculated by multiplying the probability of a student being in the dance club (8%) by the probability they can dance the tango (40%), resulting in a 3.2% chance that a randomly selected student is both a member and can dance the tango .

The mean Daily Mean Pressure can be computed using the coded values, where ∑ y = 214. Since y = x - 1010, the original mean pressure x can be determined by solving for x in the equation: Mean (x) = Mean (y) + 1010 = (214/30) + 1010 = 1017.13 .

Their systematic sampling method restricted outcome scope due to small sample sizes, leading to potential biases by underrepresenting lesser outcomes, shown when total data confirmed different proportions. This highlights limitations of small systematic samples in accurately reflecting outcomes .

The standard deviation of x can be found by calculating the standard deviation of y and considering the coding transformation. Using ∑ y^2 = 5912 and ∑ y = 214 over 30 days, the variance of y is (5912/30) - (214/30)^2. Then, standard deviation of x = standard deviation of y, due to the nature of the coding transformation .

Local weather understanding, with pressure causing specific wind circulations, guides predictions of cardinal wind directions. Winds around high pressure in the UK move clockwise, so knowing pressure at regions allows for matching patterns with local topographical influences like coastline and landscape .

Winds circulate clockwise around high-pressure regions and counterclockwise around low-pressure. Given a single pressure region on 26/09/2015, assigning directions involves knowing that pressure differences cause winds to deflect. By pressure and assumed cardinal directions, the precise matching needs contextual knowledge of specific regional geographies .

One disadvantage is that quota sampling may introduce bias, as the selection within quotas can be non-random and subject to the researcher's discretion .

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