1) Atrial premature complex
Normal ECG lekin Premature beat once in a while. One beat is much closer to the preceding
one than others.
Narrow QRS complex
P wave is not normal but QRS is
2) Atrial Bigeminy
Every 2nd beat is premature.
Every 2nd beat is a atrial premature complex. (p wave shorter than usual but followed by a
normal QRS)
3) Ventricular premature complex
Normal couple of PQRST and then beech mein hi theres a very tall and wide QRS.
Tall and wide QRS has no P wave before it and is a premature beat (closer than normal to
preceding beat)
ST depression after it
4) Ventricular bigeminy
Every second beat is a ventricular premature complex
Every second beat is a premature, tall, wide QRS with no P wave before it with ST depression
after it.
Every premature beat has the same morphology
5) Multifocal Ventricular Premature complexes
Every second beat is a ventricular premature complex.
Every second beat is a premature, tall, wide QRS with no P wave before it nd with ST
depression after it.
However, every premature beat (VPC) has a different morphology. Different height and width.
6) Sinus arrhythmia
Cycle length between successive P wave varies
Heart Rate will gradually increase and decrease.
Distance between successive P waves increases and decreases.
Everything else normal
7) Sinus bradycrdia
Very horzinotal dominant ECG with sharp and tall waves.
Normal sinus rhythm. (everything normal - P wve before each QRS, P wave upright in I & II, PR
interval is constant.
Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute
8) Sinus Tachycardia
Very sharp waves on ECG
ST line not horizontal at all. Very bumpy/sharp
Normal sinus rhythm (everything normal - P wve before each QRS, P wave upright in I & II, PR
interval is constant.
Heart rate more than 100 beats per minute
9) Wolff Parkinson White syndrome type A
Delta waves present. No Q wave, directly goes uptoR wave. Initial widening of QRS complex.
ST segment depression everytime there is upward delta wave.
+ve delta wave in V1
10) Wolff Parkinsons White syndrome type B
Also delta waves present. No Q wave, goes directly to R wave. Initial widening of QRS complex.
ST part elecated/depressed always opposite the direction of delta wave.
-ve delta wave in V1
11) Paroxysmal focal atrial tachycardia
QRS is compeclety normal.
Atrial rate (only) is more than 100 beats per minute.
P waves are abnormal but uniform
More P waves present than QRS.
Usually 2 QRS theres 2 p waves.
12) Atrial Flutter
No isoelectric baseline. In its place are f waves (constant short waves). No P waves
Atrial rate is double of ventricular rate
RR intervals regular
13) Atrial fibrillation
Also no isoelectric baseline. In its place are f waves (constant short waves). Also no p waves
RR intervals are not constant at all. Very irregular.
14) AV Nodal re entry tachycardia (slow fast)
r waves may be seen in V1 or V2
P waves not seen
Heart rate 120-200 beats per minute
15) Junctional rhythm
Very horizontal ECG
Heart rate 40-60 beats per minute
Very narrow, almost pencil like QRS complex
Inverted P wave can be seen after QRS in II, III
16) Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Absolutley no isoelectric baseline visible.
Looks like repeated, continuous, tall sine curves.
Heart rate > 100/min
Regular rhythm
Curves all have unifrom shape and structure.
Capture and fusion beats visible
17) Ventricular flutter
Absolutely no isoelectci baseline visible
Rpeated, continuous sine curves, shorter than monomorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Curves of different leads have distinct sine shapes
Heart rate 250-300 beats per min.
18) Torsades de Pointes
Sine waves also. No isoelectric line here either
Sine waves are of different shapes.
Most importnanly, the sine waves pattern is wavy.
Overall it goes up and then down and then up again. Like sea waves
Capture and fusion beats visible
19) Ventricular fibrillation
Absolute chaos
Has horizontal sections with sharp waves. Also has sine wave sections. Short sine waves.
Horizontal sections give way to sine wave sections.
Irregular waves, varying amplitude.
Heart rate 150-500 beats per minute.
20) 1st degree AV blocks
Heart rate is below 60 beats per minute
PR intervals are abnormally long. More than 0.2 s (1 box)
PR intervals are also constant.
Every P wave followed by QRS complex.
21) 2nd degree AV block. Mobitz type 1
Heart rate is also below 60 beats per minute
PR interval gets longer and longer until 1 P wave is not followed by QRS complex
Not every P wave followed by QRS complex
3rd, 4th, 5th (one of them) p wave not followed by QRS complex
Then whole process starts again
22) 2nd degree AV block. Mobitz type 2
Has very irregular RR intervals
In between the QRS complexes there are random p waves that are not conducted at all
PR intervals are constant in conducted beats.
23) 3rd degree AV block with narrow QRS
The atrial rate is higher than the ventricular rate
PP and RR intervals are regular and different from one another.
QRS complexes are narrow
24) 3rd degree AV blocks with wide QRS
Atrial rate (PP intevrals) higher than ventricular rate (RRintervals)
PP and RR intervals are irregular
QRS compplexes are wide
25) Left Bundle Branch Block
QRS is very very wide.
All QRS are the exact same and have P wave before them
R wave peak time is prolonged
26) Left anterior fasicular block
Left axis deviation (Lead 1 +ve, aVF -ve)
rS complexes in leads II and III
Biphasic in V1
27) Left posterior fasicular block
Right axis deviation (Lead 1+ve, aVF +ve)
rS complexes in lead I and avL
28) Right bundle branch block
Isoelectric line kinda wavy but has parts of straight in it.
V1, V2, V3 have M shaped QRS complex
V1, V2, V3 have T wave inversion.
29) NSTEMI (Subendocardial ischemia)
ST depression after every QRS complex.
Isoelectric line made up of thousands of tiny tiny waves.
30) Anterior Stemi
Massive ST elevation in V2-V5. After QRS complex
So big it looks like another wide wave only. Overshadows QRS
31) Lateral Stemi
ST elevation in I and aVL that is directly connected to the R wave. (no s present really)
Tall ST depression in II, III, avF. Looks like its going very low.
32) Anterolateral Stemi
ST elevation in V1-V6, I, avL that is directly connected to R wave. R wave dont even come
down all the way.
Wide and along ST depression in III
33) Inferior Stemi
ST elevation in II, III, aVF. Very tall and widest yet.
ST depression in avL
34) Inferolateral & posterior Stemi
ST elevation in II, III, avF, V5, V6. Long but not tall.
ST depression in V1, V2 connected directly to QRS complex.
35) Inferior and right ventricular stemi
ST elevation in II, III but after that the isoelectric line goes downwrds.