▪ Determine appropriate Project

Methodology/Methods and Practices

▪ Plan and Manage Scope
▪ Plan and Manage Schedule
Starting the Project ▪ Plan and Manage Budget and Resources
▪ Plan and Manage Quality of Product and
Deliverables
▪ Integrate Project Planning Activities
▪ Plan and Manage Procurement
▪ Establish Project Governance Structure
▪ Plan and Manage Project/Phase Closure

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.1
 Determine appropriate
Project Methodology/Methods
and Practices
Domain: Process
ECO: TasK#13

Enablers:
➢ Assess project needs, complexity, and magnitude
➢ Recommend project execution strategy (e.g.,
contracting, finance)
➢ Recommend a project methodology/approach (i.e.,
predictive, agile, hybrid)
➢ Use iterative, incremental practices throughout the
project life cycle (e.g., lessons learned, stakeholder
engagement, risk)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.2
Assess Requirements & Technology
❑ Assess project needs, complexity, and
magnitude

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Methodology/Methods and Practices

❑ Based on the assessment, with the (e.g., contracting, finance) as well

support of the project sponsor and PMO,
the project manager can propose and
decide on appropriate Predictive Agile Hybrid
methodology/methods and practices

❑ There are project management Iterative Incremental

approaches – traditional approach, agile

approach, and hybrid approach,

❑ Recommend project execution strategy

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Plan and
Manage Scope
Domain: Process
ECO: TasK#8

Enablers:
❑ Determine and prioritize requirements
❑ Break down scope (e.g., WBS, backlog)
❑ Monitor and validate scope

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.5
Scope Management Plan

❑ There are two plans required in the scope associated with the project scope and how to
management – Scope management plan and develop a detailed project scope statement,
Requirements management plan WBS, scope baseline, acceptance of
deliverables, and approval of WBS
❑ Scope management plan is the component of a
project or program management that describes
❑ Requirements management plan is a
how the scope will be defined, developed,
component of the project or program
monitored, controlled, and validated
management plan that describes how
❑ Scope management plan guides the Project
requirements will be analyzed, documented,
manager on how to complete all the work
and managed

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Scope & Product Scope

❑ The scope refers to the overall goals of a project product scope

and it constitutes two project scopes and a

The work performed to The features and functions

Project Scope

Product Scope
deliver a product or service that characterize a product
or result with specified or service
features and functions.
Project scope may include
product scope by default

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Requirements

❑ Project requirement is a condition or capability ❑ There are various ways to collect project
of a product, service, or result to satisfy a requirements:
business need. ➢ Document analysis

❑ Requirements are documented at a high level in ➢ Brain storming

a business case, or they can be very detailed in ➢ Interviews

acceptance criteria ➢ Facilitated workshops

➢ Questionnaire & surveys
➢ Benchmarking
➢ Observation

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Collect Requirements - Techniques

Brainstorming Document Interviews Focus groups Facilitated Questionnaire Benchmarking Observation

analysis workshop & surveys

Needs
Exclusions

Requiremen
ts

WBS / Product Backlog

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Document Analysis

❑ Document analysis means evaluating

documents will help gather new project
requirements from existing documents such
as:

➢ Business plans

➢ Service agreements

➢ Marketing materials

➢ Current process diagrams

➢ Application software documentation

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Questionnaire & surveys

❑ Questionnaire & surveys means a sets of

questions designed to quickly gather
information from a large number of
respondents.

❑ It is suitable when a quick turnaround is

needed or to make statistical analysis more
straightforward

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Interviews

❑ Interviews mean talking directly to

stakeholders and asking them what they want
or need from a project.

❑ It can be conducted one-to-one or in group

settings.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Focus Groups

❑ Focus group means bringing together

prequalified stakeholders and subject
matter experts to learn about their ideas
and expectations for a product, service, or
result

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Benchmarking

❑ Bench marking means comparing actual or

planned products, processes, services, and
practices to those from other
organizations to get ideas for
improvement or requirements

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Facilitated Workshops

❑ In facilitated workshop, the project manager

will conduct organized working sessions to
determine project requirements and to get all
stakeholders together to agree on project
outcomes

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Observation

❑ Observation is a technique where watching

and listening to gain knowledge of a specific
job role, task, or function to understand and
determine project requirements.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Group Decision-Making

Voting: Autocratic decision-making: Multicriteria Decision-

Collective decision-making is One team member takes the Analysis:
used for generating, decision for the entire group Evaluate and rank many ideas
classifying, and prioritizing for the project scope. Criteria
product requirements
to consider Risk levels,
uncertainty

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Mind Mapping

❑ A mind map is a diagram for representing tasks,

concepts, or items linked to and arranged
around a central concept or subject using a non-
linear graphical layout that allows the user to
build an intuitive framework around a central
concept

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Affinity Diagrams

❑ Affinity diagram is used to organize many

ideas or decision criteria into groups based on Safety Trendy features Performance Services

their underlying relationships and affinity GPS 24/7

Rain-sensing
Navigation Hybrid fuel roadside
wipes
(likeness/similarity) related to a product, system service

process, complex issue, or problem Anti-lock

brakes (ABS)
Wireless
speak
Low pollution Immediate
towing

Side Airbags Etc. Easy to turn Etc.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Context Diagram

❑ Context diagram is used to show a high-level

overview of the interaction between a
system/process, its boundaries, people, and
other systems that are useful to understand
the scope and boundaries of a system

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Prototyping

❑ Prototyping is the process of getting early ❑ Example: CAD drawings, 3D models, story
feedback on project requirements by boarding
providing a working model of the expected
product before building so that customers
can check

❑ It helps the Project manager to get feedback

before producing the final versions of the
product/service

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Requirements Documentation

❑ Requirements documentation describes

individual requirements to meet project
requirements

❑ Before baseline the project requirements,

make sure it is complete, can measure and
test, are consistent, and acceptable to
stakeholders

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Functional & Non-Functional Requirements

❑ Functional requirements – These describe ❑ They are required for acceptance of the
functions and features the users need for the system by the end user
system to work
❑ Example of non-functional requirements:
❑ Example: ➢ Reliability
➢ The online store shall accept credit cards as ➢ Security
a form of payment. ➢ Performance,
➢ The online system shall calculate the ➢ Safety, etc.
purchase total, including applicable taxes

❑ Non-functional requirements – They are a

supplement to the functional requirements

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Requirements Traceability Matrix

❑ A Requirements traceability matrix (RTM) is

used to track requirements and document
that they have been fulfilled

❑ It will connect requirements to other artifacts,

such as tests or defect reports.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Scope Statement

❑ A project scope statement is a document that

Project Description
is part of the scope management plan that & Product Major Deliverables Acceptance criteria
Description
includes the description of the project scope,
major deliverables, acceptance criteria,
exclusions, assumptions, and constraints. Exclusions
Assumptions &
Constraints

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

❑ A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a visual, efforts in cost estimating, budget estimating,
hierarchical, and deliverable-oriented activity definition, risk identification, and
decomposition (breaking down) of a project scope validation will be difficult.

❑ WBS is used to decompose (breakdown)

project scope into more manageable
components to accomplish the project
objectives and create the required
deliverables

❑ Without a complete and accurate WBS,

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 WBS (Family Tree!)
ID Budget Actual Schedule Date
Cost Complete Control account - A
1.1 $50k $55K Feb 2022 Feb 2022
management control point
Code of account where scope, budget,
Project, Level 1 1.2 $20k $22K April 2022 May 2022
actual cost, and schedule
1.3 $35k $32K June 2022 June 2022 are integrated and
Level 2 compared to earned value
for performance
measurement
Level 3
Planning package- work
content, but no schedule or
details.

Work package - Lowest

Level 4 level with a unique
identifier; contains
detailed schedule and cost
Scope management information.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Components in WBS

❑ Decomposition is a technique of dividing and ❑ Work package - It is the work defined at the
subdividing the project scope and deliverables lowest level of WBS for which cost and
into smaller, more manageable parts duration cost can be estimated and managed.
The work package is the lowest level of the
❑ Control account – It is a management control
WBS with a is with a unique identifier.
point where scope, budget, actual cost, and
schedule information is integrated and ❑ Each work package is part of the control
compared to the EV for performance account. Each work package can have only
measurement. A control account has one or one control account, but one control account
more work packages, but each work package can have multiple work packages
is associated with a single control account

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Components in WBS

❑ Planning Package – They are any WBS ❑ A planning package may be converted to a
elements below the control account and work package when the lowest-level details of
above the work package. the work are defined, budgeted, and
scheduled.
❑ They contain known work content but are
typically not tracked with detailed schedule ❑ Code of account – It is a unique numbering for
activities. each component of the WBS

❑ Planning package is created to describe or

“hold” work that will be completed in the
future.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
WBS Dictionary

❑ WBS dictionary - It is a document that ➢ Assumptions and constraints

➢ Responsible organization
provides detailed deliverable, activity, and
➢ Schedule milestones
scheduling information about each
➢ Associated schedule activities
component in the WBS. Most of the ➢ Resources required to complete the work
information in the WBS dictionary is created ➢ Cost estimations
by other processes and added to this ➢ Quality requirements
document at a later stage. ➢ Acceptance criteria
➢ Technical references
❑ It includes: ➢ Agreement information
➢ Code of the account identifier
➢ Description of work

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Scope Baseline

❑ Scope baseline is the approved version of a ➢ Planning package

scope statement, WBS, and its associated ➢ WBS dictionary
WBS dictionary, that can be changed using
formal change control procedures and is used
as a basis for comparison to actual results

❑ Scope baseline includes:

➢ Project scope statement

➢ WBS

➢ Work packages

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Scope Management in Agile

Develop

Prioritized
Product Feature Feature Iteration
Product Iteration Plan Evaluate
Box workshop list Backlog
Backlog

Learn

Functionality
New
PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Breakdown in Agile

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Product Backlog

❑ A product backlog is a list of the expected

Story 1

work to deliver the product.

More detail
Story 2
High priority
❑ It can change throughout the project Story 3

❑ Groom and refine the product backlog Feature 1

continually - weekly or monthly Story 4

Medium priority
❑ Remove product backlog items (PBIs) when Story 5

work is completed

Less detail
Feature 2

Feature 3
Low priority
Feature 4

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
User Stories

❑ User stories mean user-focused short

Story 1
descriptions of functionality typically prioritized
Story 2
by the product owner As a <Role>
Story 3 I want <Functionality>
❑ The development team breaks stories down into to <Business Benefit>
Feature 1
technical tasks, but these do not always make
sense to the product owner, or deliver any Story 4
Task 1
business value independently Story 5

❑ Example: As a manager, I want to be able to Feature 2 Task 2

understand my colleague’s progress, so that it’s Feature 3

to better report our successes and failures. Feature 4 Task 3

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Baseline
❑ The project baseline is simply the approved version ❑ The project baseline can be used to evaluate the
of the plan that is created once the plan is stabilized performance

Predictive Agile

Scope baseline
Product Backlog
Scope baseline is the
Product backlog includes the
approved version of the
product requirements and
Project Scope Statement,
user stories that would be the
WBS (work breakdown
requirements of the current
structure), and associated
project
WBS dictionary

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Validate Scope in Waterfall

❑ Validate scope means that you’re ❑ Technical performance measures - The

receiving formal acceptance of project technical specifications for a product are
deliverables. documented in the WBS dictionary that
describes the information for each deliverable
❑ Depending on the approach used, there are
(work package) in the WBS
different ways to validate the project scope.

❑ Acceptance (completion) criteria – It is often

documented in a scope statement

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Validate Scope in Agile

❑ Definition of done (DoD) – It is used with ❑ Definition of Ready – It is used to ensure that
adaptive approaches, particularly in software the user stories are ready for the team to start
development projects. working on it.

❑ It is a checklist of all the criteria to meet so ❑ It should be generally aligned with INVEST
that a deliverable can be considered ready for properties of user stories (Independent,
customer use Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small,
Testable

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Monitor Scope

❑ Monitor (Inspect) Scope is used to see if the ❑ Example: If the project uses an extra 2% of the
right things are being done in the right place planned cost every month, then a clear idea of
how much the project will cost when it's done.
❑ To Control Scope, make the necessary
corrections to get "back on plan" as required.

❑ Variance analysis is the quantitative

investigation of the difference between actual
and planned behavior

❑ Trend analysis is a technique to predict the

future performance of a project (cost and
schedule) based on its historical performance

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Plan and
Manage Schedule
Domain: Process
ECO: TasK#6

Enablers:
❑ Estimate project tasks (milestones, dependencies, story
points)
❑ Utilize benchmarks and historical data
❑ Prepare schedule based on methodology
❑ Measure ongoing progress based on methodology
❑ Modify schedule, as needed, based on methodology
❑ Coordinate with other projects and other operations

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.40
Schedule Management Plan

❑ Schedule management plan is a component of ❑ Schedule management plan includes:

the project or program management plan that ➢ Units of measure- Example: All estimates
are in person-days
establishes the criteria and activities for
➢ Control thresholds used to measure
developing, monitoring, and controlling the performance. Example- Activities are
project schedule deemed overdue 2 days past their scheduled
completion date
❑ Traditional scheduling is based on upfront ➢ Reporting formats. Example- Gantt chart
and network diagram will be updated weekly
estimation (timeline) and posted in PDF format on the project
portal, etc.
❑ Agile scheduling is based on emerging data
(timeline)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Rolling Wave Planning

❑ Rolling wave planning is an iterative planning

method in which the work to be accomplished in
the near term is planned in detail, while work
Near
further in the future is planned at a higher level. Now
Term Far

❑ This means revisiting and refining while new

Plan detail Less detail Very less detail
information emerges

❑ It is in while strategic plan where it can be

applied with a known level of details

❑ It can be applied to releases, planning packages,

and work packages (WP)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Activities

❑ A work package will be decomposed into

activities and create an activity list

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Sizing in Agile

Epics A theme is the largest unit of work in agile planning

(Epic 1, Epic 2, Etc.)

A large body of work (user stories) that can be implemented

Features in one or more iterations
(Feature 1, Feature 2,
Etc.)

User Stories
(User Story 1, User Story Small functions that produce value for the customer,
2, User Story 3, Etc. written from a user perspective

Tasks
(Unit Tests, Acceptance Technical work needed to complete the user stories
Test, Etc.)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Milestone List

❑ Milestone means a significant point or event

in a project, program, or portfolio

❑ Milestones have zero duration because they

represent a significant point or event.

❑ Milestone Chart: It provides a summary of a

project. It is useful for upper management,
who are not interested in fine details.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Activity Dependency

❑ It means a logical relationship that exists Activity A Activity B

between two project activities (Predecessor) (Successor)

❑ Types of dependencies:

Mandatory Discretionary External Internal

❑Contractually ❑Based on knowledge ❑A relationship

required or inherent of best practices between project ❑Contingent on inputs
in the nature of the ❑Example: Changing activities and non- within the project
work the order of activities project activities. team’s control.
❑Example: Can’t test a ❑ A----→B / B------→A ❑Government, ❑Example: Can’t start
screen before you supplies, etc. construction before
develop design finishes

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Precedence Relationship

❑ Precedence diagramming method (PDM) is a

logical relationship between predecessor
activities and successor activities that Predecessor activity
describes the sequence of activities Foundation

❑ Finish-start (FS) - The successor activity Successor activity

cannot start until the finish of the predecessor Structure

activity

❑ This is the most commonly used relationship.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Precedence Relationship

❑ Start-start (SS) - If two activities are connected

Predecessor activity
through a start-to-start dependency, this means
Pouring concrete
that the predecessor activity must have started
before the successor activity can start.

❑ This is common with long-running activities, Successor activity

we may not have to wait until it finishes, but Leveling concrete

we do have to wait until it starts.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Precedence Relationship

❑ Finish-finish (FF) – The predecessor activity Predecessor activity

must finish before the successor activity can
Write user instructions
finish

Successor activity

Edit user instructions

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Precedence Relationship

❑ Start-Finish (SF) - Predecessor activity can Predecessor activity

finish once after the successor activity starts System handover

❑ This type of dependency does not occur very

often Successor activity

Support system

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Lead

❑ Lead is the amount of time whereby a successor ❑ A lead accelerates the timing between two
activity can be advanced concerning a activities
predecessor activity

Gather Requirements
10 days

Lead time (FS-4 days)

Design
15 days

20 Days
PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Lag

❑ Lag is the amount of time whereby a ❑ It is the delay time between two activities.
successor activity is required to be
delayed concerning a predecessor activity

Foundation
10 days
Lag time (FS+5 days)

Structure
30 days

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Constraints

General Schedule
▪ Government requirements • Must start on; Must finish on
▪ Industry guidelines, policies • Start no earlier than; Start no later than
▪ Deliverables dates • Finish no earlier than
▪ Weather • Finish no later than

Assumptions Risks
• Risks • Known risk
• Force majeure • Unknown risks

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Estimation Techniques

❑ Estimating techniques are used to develop an ❑ Agile project management

approximation of the work, time, and cost of a ➢ Story point estimating

project ➢ Wideband delphi

➢ Planning poker
❑ Tradition project management

➢ Analogous estimating
➢ Parametric estimating
➢ Three-point estimating
➢ Bottom-up estimating

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Analogous Estimation

❑ Analogous estimation compares past projects with

the current project and then develops an estimate
based on that information.

❑ It is often used early in the project at a high level.

❑ It is faster, and not costly, but the accuracy level is

low

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Parametric Estimation

❑ Parametric estimation uses a mathematical model adjustments in the parameter will allow revising of
or statistical relationship (e.g. Square footage in the estimate.
construction) based on historical data

❑ It is faster, easy, and more accurate than

analogous

❑ Example - Gasoline has a unit cost of $1.95 per

gallon, the labor of certain types has a cost of $200
per hour, and concrete has a cost of $100 per
cubic meter. With these figures known,

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Three-Points Estimation

❑ Three points use three estimates; ❑ Two types of three-point estimation:

➢ Optimistic, O (best case) ➢ Triangular distribution

➢ Beta distribution
➢ Most likely, M (realistic case)

➢ Pessimistic, P (worst case)

❑ It is also called the weighted average

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Triangular Distribution

❑ Triangular distribution is a linear and simple

method

O+M+P
Formula: 3

Example: 2+4+8 / 3 = 4.6 days

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Beta Distribution (PERT)

❑ Beta distribution (Probabilistic) is a more accurate,

non-linear technique

❑ It weighs the most likely (M) scenario and takes a

weighted average.

Formula: O + 4M + P / 6

Example: 10 + 60 + 25 / 6 = 15.8 days

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Bottom-Up Estimation

❑ Bottom-up estimation is a detailed estimation

technique considering all associated costs with an
activity or a work package.

❑ This type of estimating can use only toward the

end of planning, when having detailed information
about the scope

❑ Some cost categories that are included in a

bottom-up estimate: travel, certification, compliance,
shipping and handling, licenses, authority
requirements, etc.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Schedule Model Development

❑ MS Project
❑ Primavera
❑ Zoho
❑ [Link]
------------------------------------
❑ Jira
❑ Azure
❑ DevOps
❑ Wrike
❑ Target Process
❑ Trello
❑ Basecamp
❑ Etc.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Schedule Reporting

❑ Different project schedule presentation

formats are:
➢ Gantt chart
➢ Milestone chart
➢ Project schedule network diagrams with
dates
➢ Road map
➢ Task board
➢ Kanban board
➢ Burndown chart
➢ Burnup chart

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Schedule Network Diagram

❑ Network diagrams show the schedule with

start and finish dates for activities and the
interrelationship of activities.

Activity 2 Activity 4
7 days 20 days

Activity 1 Activity 6
Start Finish
10 days 5 days

Activity 3 Activity 5
15 days 8 days

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Early Time & Late Time

➢ Early time: ES, EF (Forward Pass) ES= Early Start, EF = Early Finish EF = ES+Duration-1 ES EF
➢ Late time: LS, LF (Backward Pass) LS = Late Start, LF = Late Finish LS = LF-Duration+1 Activity
Name
LS LF
Forward Pas (working forward to calculate ES & EF)

11 7 days 17 18 20 days 37

Activity 2 Activity 4
11 17 18 37

38 5 days 42
1 10 days 10

Start Activity 1
Activity 6 Finish
38 42
1 10

11 15 days 25 26 8 days 33

Activity 3 Activity 5
15 29 30 37

Backward Pass (working backward to calculate LF & LS)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Critical Path Method (CPM)

❑ CPM (Deterministic) estimates the minimum ❑ Activities run in parallel so that the project
project duration and determines the amount duration is not the sum of the duration of all
of schedule flexibility on the logical network activities
paths within the schedule model

Activity 2 Activity 4
7 days 20 days

Activity 1 Activity 6
Start Finish
10 days 5 days

Activity 3 Activity 5
15 days 8 days

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Critical Path

❑ The critical path means the longest path in ❑ Critical path has no flexibility in modifying the
the network diagram activities- that’s why zero float

❑ Critical path activity means any activity on the ❑ Understand the existence of near-critical path
critical path in a project schedule and non-critical path

Activity 2 Activity 4
7 days 20 days

Activity 1 Activity 6
Start Finish
10 days 5 days

Activity 3 Activity 5
15 days 8 days

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Identifying the Critical Path

Activity 2 Activity 4
7 days 20 days

Activity 1 Activity 6
Start Finish
10 days 5 days

Activity 3 Activity 5
15 days 8 days

❑ There are 2 paths in this network diagram:

➢ Path 1[10 d] + 2[7 d] + 4[20 d] + 6[5 d] = 42 days --- This is the Critical Path
➢ Path 1[10 d] + 3[15 d] + 5[8 d] + 6[5 d] = 38 days

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Float (Slack)

❑ Float is a general term that means flexibility in ❑ There are two types of float- total float and free
delaying the project activities without delaying float
the project finish date or without delaying
consecutive activities
Activity 2 Activity 4
7 days 20 days

Activity 1 Activity 6
Start Finish
10 days 5 days

Activity 3 Activity 5
15 days 8 days

➢ Path 1[10 d] + 2[7 d] + 4[20 d] + 6[5 d] = 42 days --- This is the Critical Path
➢ Path 1[10 d] + 3[15 d] + 5[8 d] + 6[5 d] = 38 days

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Total Float & Free Float
❑ Total float means the amount of time that a ❑ Free float means the amount of time that a
scheduled activity can be delayed or extended scheduled activity can be delayed without
from its early start date without delaying the delaying the early start date of any successor or
project finish date or violating a schedule violating a schedule constraint
constraint
Activity 2 Activity 4
7 days 20 days

Activity 1 Activity 6
Start Finish
10 days 5 days

Activity 3 Activity 5
15 days 8 days

➢ Path 1[10 d] + 2[7 d] + 4[20 d] + 6[5 d] = 42 days --- This is the Critical Path
➢ Path 1[10 d] + 3[15 d] + 5[8 d] + 6[5 d] = 38 days
PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Try This!
12 5 16
3 6 8 9 3 11 Activity
E
Activity Activity
B D 13 1 17 17 5 21
4 1 9 10 1 12 FF = 9-8-1 = 0 Activity
J
FF = 9-8-1 = 0 FF = 12-11-1=0
18 1 22
12 2 13
1 2 2 23 2 24
Activity
Activity
Start A
8 4 11 F Activity
Finish
Activity 16 4 17 L
1 0 2 23 0 24
G
8 0 11
FF = 17-13-1=
FF = 3-2-1 = 0 3 5 7
312 FF = 0
5 16 17 6 22
Activity FF = 12-11-1=0
C Activity Activity
3 0 7 I K
12 0 16 17 0 22
FF = 8-7-1=0 8 2 9
Activity
FF = 17-16-1=0 FF = 23-22-1 =
H
10 2 11 0
Path in the network: FF = 12-9 -1 =2
➢ Start-A-B-D-E-J-L-Finish = 23
➢ Start-A-B-D-F-J-L-Finish = 20 Equations
➢ Start-A-C-G-I-K-L-Finish = 24 Total float = LS-ES or LF-EF
➢ Start-A-C-H-I-K-L-Finish= 22 Free float = ES of successor – EF of activity – 1

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Try This!

Activity Precedence Durations Questions:

(weeks)
1. Draw the network diagram based on the nature
Start of the relationship between activities
2. Identify the critical path and its duration.
Activity A - 3
3. Calculate the total float
Activity B A 4
4. What is the duration of the project?
Activity C A 2

Activity D B,C 5

Finish

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Schedule Baseline

❑ It is the approved version of a schedule model. ❑ Various diagrams to show the project schedule
are:
❑ It includes the start date and finish date of all
key activities. ❑ Gantt chart (Bar charts): for Sponsor
❑ Milestone chart: for upper-level
❑ It is accepted and approved by the appropriate management
stakeholders. ❑ Project schedule network diagram: for the
project team
❑ Once it is approved, it can be changed only
through a formal change control process

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Gantt Chart

❑ It is a bar chart of schedule information where

activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates
are shown on the horizontal axis, and the
activity durations are shown as horizontal
bars placed according to start and finish dates

❑ It shows:
➢ Start and finish dates
➢ Activity durations
➢ Precedence relationship
➢ Percentage of completion and actual
progress

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Milestone Chart

❑ A milestone is used to represent groups of

activities or significant activities or commitments
in the project

❑ Milestones are represented with zero duration

represented as a triangle instead of a bar

❑ Milestones can be placed on the Gantt chart

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Project Schedule Network diagram

❑ This chart is an activity-on-node diagram

showing activities and relationships without a time
scale

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Kanban Board

❑ Kanban uses Kanban board which is a

visualization tool with low-tech and high-touch

❑ It acts as an ‘information radiator by providing

up-to-date information on the work status of the
team.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Agile Scheduling

❑ Product Vision is a statement that describes why

a product is made, who it's for, and what it creates

❑ Product roadmaps show features and

capabilities planned for releases over time for
achieving the product solution over time (flexible
plan)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Measuring Ongoing Progress in Predictive

❑ Gantt charts can be used to track the progress of ❑ SPI value of below 1 is behind schedule, exactly 1
the project by identifying how much percentage is on schedule and above 1 is ahead of schedule
of work is completed
❑ The given status shows SPI is 0.97 indicating
❑ Earned Value Management (EVM) can be used to working progressing only at 97%
measure the progress against the baseline.

❑ Example: Schedule Performance Index (SPI) is the

measure of schedule efficiency

❑ SPI = Earned value (Work delivered) / Planned

Value

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Measuring Ongoing Progress in Agile

❑ In an agile project, the initial plan will change ❑ Example: If 3 months are taken to complete
as agile embraces changes based on business 50% of the backlog, then we can predict that
value throughout the project another 3 months are required for the
remaining features.
❑ In agile projects tracking progress means Storypoints
70
measuring the rate of work completed Average 60 60
60

compared to the work remaining. Velocity 50

50 45

40
❑ Burndown chart and burnup chart is used for 30
30

tracking the project progress 20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5
Storypoints 30 45 60 50 60

Iterations

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Burndown Chart

❑ Burndown chart is a graphical representation of

the work remaining versus the time left in a

Work remaining
Actual
timebox.

❑ As work is in progress, the progress line will

move downward.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Burnup Chart

❑ Burnup chart is a graphical representation of the

work completed towards the release of a product.

❑ As work is in progress, the progress line will

move upward.

❑ The advantage of a burnup chart is that it can

show the scope change and impact of those
changes.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Resource Optimization Techniques

❑ Resource Optimization is used to adjust

activities’ start and finish dates.

➢ Resource leveling (Load Balancing)

➢ Resource smoothing

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Resource Levelling

❑ Resource Leveling (Load Balancing) is a constraints imposed on the project

technique to adjust activity start and finish
❑ Resource leveling can change the critical
dates so that resources are no longer over-
path
allocated

❑ This is applied to deal with an inefficient

allocation of resources that sit idle at certain
points on the project while at other times
they might be overallocated.

❑ The second reason is in response to resource

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Resource Smoothing

❑ Resource Smoothing adjusts the activities of

a schedule model to keep resource
requirements within predefined resource
limits and within free and total floats

❑ It adjusts activities within their float

amounts, therefore it does not change the
critical path.

❑ This method may not be able to optimize all

resources.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Schedule Compression

❑ Schedule compression is used to reduce the

length of the project schedule without
reducing the project scope

❑ There are two schedule compression

techniques:

➢ Crashing

➢ Fast tracking

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Crashing

Activity A
❑ Crashing - Shortens schedule duration for the
1 2 3 4 5 Activity B
least incremental cost by adding resources 6 7 8 9 10 Activity C
11 12 13 14 15
❑ Example: Overtime, additional resources,
Activity A
speed up the activities in the critical path 1 2 3 Activity B
6 7 8 9 Activity C

❑ It increases the cost 10 11 12 13

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Fast Tracking

❑Fast-tracking is used to perform activities in Activity A

parallel to reduce time 1 2 3 4 5 Activity B

6 7 8 9 10 Activity C
❑May result in rework, increased risk, and 11 12 13 14 15
Activity A
increased cost 1 2 3 4 5 Activity B
6 7 8 9 10 Activity
11 12 13C 14 15

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Plan and Manage
Budget and
Resources
Domain: Process
ECO: TasK#5

Enablers:
➢ Estimate budgetary needs based on the scope of the
project and lessons learned from past projects
➢ Anticipate future budget challenges
➢ Monitor budget variations and work with governance
process to adjust as necessary
➢ Plan and manage resource

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.88
Plan and Manage Budget and Resources

❑ Planning the cost by estimating the cost of ❑ Monitoring the cost and resources and taking
activities including the contingencies for action whenever is required
handling known-unknown risks, and
developing a project budget for handling
unknown-unknown risks

❑ Estimating the resources required to

complete the activities/work packages

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Various Costs

❑ Direct cost – Labor and materials

❑ Indirect cost – Facilities (building-shared) IT,

Labor Materials Equipment
software, etc.

❑ The project manager can decide which cost to be

added to the project
Facilities Services IT

Indirect Cost Contingency

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Estimation Techniques

Analogous
Parametric Bottom-up Three-point
(Top-down)
Intermediate level Work package level Confidence level
Project level
▪ It uses analogy ▪ It uses statistical ▪ It can use be only ▪ Optimistic, Most
(comparison) to relationships (e.g. after WBS has been realistic, Pessimistic
previous similar Square footage in well developed ▪ Two methods –
projects where the construction) based ▪ Very accurate, time Triangular
costs are known. on historical data consuming distribution & PERT
▪ It’s fast, cost- ▪ May be sometimes
effective, and has low inaccurate due to the
accuracy integrity of historical
information

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Cost Accuracy

Rough order magnitude (ROM)

Accuracy range of : -25% to +75%

Definitive estimate
Accuracy range of : -5% to +10%

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Bottom-up Estimation

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Bottom Up Estimation

275K Level 1 Control account

75K 50K 150K
Level 2
Planning package
30K 90K 30K
Level 3
Work package
30K 60K Level 4

[Link].1
15K
Activity 1
[Link].2
Activity 2 25K
Activities
[Link].3 20K
Activity 3

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Example of Cost Estimate

❑ The work is broken into phases- Organize, ❑ Risk identification and analysis were carried
design, build, and close. out and added a contingency reserve based on
the percentage of each phase
❑ During organize phase, a cost estimate was
made

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Budget Components

Management
reserve

Contingency
reserve

Activity Project
contingency Control
budget
account Cost
Work
cost baseline
package
estimate
Activity cost
cost estimate
estimate
1 2 3 4 5

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Creating Cost Baseline

❑ Estimating the cost for activities and adding ❑ Management reserve is added to the cost
contingency reserve for these activities to get baseline to get the project budget
the cost of work packages
❑ Management reserve is kept aside by the
❑ Work package cost and contingency cost (if project sponsor
calculated) are aggregated to the control
account

❑ The summation of all control accounts is the

cost baseline which is the time-phased cost
estimate

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Contingency/Reserve

❑ Project contingency plans can help estimate ❑ So, the cost baseline is included with the
uncertainty, manage risks and successfully get contingency reserve
through situations when things don't go
according to plan ❑ Management reserve is for handling
unknown-unknown risk (force majeure) and it
❑ There are two types of reserves- contingency
is added to the cost baseline, but kept aside
reserve and management reserve
to create a project budget
❑ Contingency Reserve reserve is for handling
❑ So, the project budget is included with the
known-unknown risks (the intensity of risk is
management reserve
unknown) and it is added to work package
cost estimates

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Cost Baseline

❑ Cost baseline (S-curve) is the approved projected expenditure (dotted lines), and
version of the time-phased project budget anticipated liabilities (management reserve)
including contingency and excluding
❑ However, the total fund required to complete
management reserve
the project is the cost baseline and
❑ Cost baseline is used to measure the progress management reserve
or performance of the project by comparing
actual cost with baseline

❑ Apart from the cost baseline, it includes

funding requirements (dotted lines steps-
amounts that may not be evenly distributed),

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Funding Limit Reconciliation

❑ Funding limit reconciliation (FLR) is used to your budget you need to make sure you have
align the flow of work with the availability of scheduled the work so it occurs when the
funds. funds are available.

❑ In some organizations, the project is based on ❑ In this case, work rescheduling is required
an annual budget.

❑ All planned work must be accomplished in a

budget year, and you can’t do work that isn’t
in that year’s budget.

❑ Therefore, before finalizing your schedule and

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Future Budget Challenges

❑ Monitor the changes ❑ Establish a change control system to evaluate

the impact of change requests and approving
❑ Check the quality issues
the change request
❑ Check the deadline and missed deadlines

❑ Monitor the cost, and perform trend analysis

❑ Monitor the performance of the process, the

team, vendor, and suppliers

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Monitor Project Budget

❑ In the cost baseline, plot the actual cost (AC)

❑ Changes in the actual cost indicates variation

in the cost – underspend or overspend

❑ Deviations in budget, scope, schedule,

resources, or quality, will impact the project.

❑ So, monitor budget variations and work with

the governance process to adjust as necessary

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Plan and Manage the
Quality of Products
/Deliverables
Domain: Process
ECO: TasK#7

Enablers:
❑ Determine quality standard required for project
deliverables
❑ Recommend options for improvement based on quality
gaps
❑ Continually survey project deliverable quality

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.103
Quality

❑ Quality means the degree to which project and deliverables/products

deliverables fulfill B. Manage Quality - Ensuring quality

❑ Quality is also treated as compliance with the requirements and standards are

requirements incorporated into the project and

deliverables/product
❑ There are three processes involved in quality
C. Control Quality – Tracking and ensuring
management;
the project deliverables are correct as per
A. Plan Quality Management – It is the
the quality standards and meet customer
process of identifying quality
expectations
requirements and standards for the

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Determine Quality Standards for Project Deliverables

Standards - A document established as a model by an authority

Regulations - Requirements imposed by a governmental body

ISO Series – A quality system that can be applied to product or service based on the industries

De facto regulation – Widely accepted (officially not approved)

De jure regulation – In accordance with the law (officially approved)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Try this!

❑ Which one of the following is suitable for

quality?
A. Quality can be planned after the
execution
B. Quality must be planned
C. Quality means non-conformance
D. Quality means defects

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Quality Management Plan

❑ Quality management plan is composed of the ➢ Project deliverables and processes that
project or program management plan that subject to quality review
describes how applicable policies, procedures, ➢ Quality assurance and quality control
guidelines, and standards will be activities planned for the project
implemented to achieve the quality objectives
➢ Quality metrics
❑ It includes: ➢ Important quality tools that will be used
➢ Quality objectives for the project

➢ Quality standards that are used by the

project

➢ Quality-related roles and responsibilities

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Cost of Quality (COQ)

❑ Cost of quality means all the costs associated

with the cost of conformance (COC-good
quality) and cost of non-conformance (CONC-
bad quality)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Quality Metrics

❑ Quality metrics is a description of a project or ➢ Number of defects identified per day

product attribute and how to measure ➢ Total downtime per month

❑ The tolerance defines the allowable variations ➢ Customer satisfaction score

in the metrics ➢ % of requirements covered by the test plan

❑ Example: Staying within the approved budget

by ± 10% could be the measure of
performance

❑ Some of the metrics are:

➢ % of tasks completed on time

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Control Limit & Tolerance

❑ Control limits are upper and lower limits that Upper limit
can be established for project/product/process
parameters
24
cm
-
❑ Tolerance is the acceptance variation for 30
cm
quality requirement

❑ Example: The requirement of a product packing

Lower limit
cover length is 27 cm and acceptable variation
is between 24-30 cm. Here, the tolerance is +/-
3 cm

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Manage Quality (Quality Assurance)

❑ Manage quality is the process of translating a organization, and customer are together
quality management plan into executable responsible for QA.
quality activities that incorporate
❑ They can use the organization’s QA
organization quality policy into the project
department to execute QA processes such as
❑ Quality assurance is mainly focused on the the design of experiments (DoE), Failure
process and whether it is used effectively analysis, and quality improvement

❑ The project manager, project team, project ❑ In agile projects, quality management
sponsor, management of performing activities are carried out by every team
member

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Control Quality

❑ Control quality is used to measure the control quality and called ‘Verified
completeness, conformance or compliance, Deliverables’
and fitness for a use of a product/service
❑ These ‘Verified Deliverables ‘ will be an input
❑ It is carried out before the user acceptance to ‘Validate Scope’ by the customer/end user
and final delivery

❑ The deliverables will be inspected and Verified

Deliverable
Transfer
Deliverable to
Operation
•Executing
confirmed by the project team through •Control •Validate •Close Project
Quality Scope or Phase or
Procurement
Accepted
Deliverable
Deliverable

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Quality Audit

❑ Control quality is a process that verifies ❑ Quality audit is performed by outside of the
activities comply with the project and project team – internal audit team or PMO
organizational policies, procedures, and
❑ Quality audit team identifies nonconformities,
process
and gaps and suggestion to improve quality
❑ They also verify the implementation of change and productivity
requests – corrective action, defect repair,
preventive action, or updates

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Control Quality Tools

Data Gathering Data Analysis Data Representation

❑Checklist ❑Performance Review ❑Cause–and–Effect Diagram

❑Check sheet ❑Root Cause Analysis ❑Control Charts
❑Statistical Sampling ❑Histograms
❑Questionnaires and Surveys ❑Scatter Diagrams

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Checklist

❑ Checklist is a list of items, actions, or points to ☑ Collect stakeholder requirements

be considered and can be used as a reminder.
☑ Create new content as necessary
❑ It can be prepared based on historical
☑ Upload content to the new site
information from similar projects and other
sources of information relevant to the project ☑ Develop tags and metadata

☑ Check all links

☑ Create MX HTML site maps

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Check sheet

❑ Check sheets are for gathering attribute data

while performing inspections for defects

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Statistical Sampling

❑ Statistical sampling is a technique that selects

part of a population for inspection as part of
quality assurance (QA) as it is not practical to
inspect every product or deliverable

❑ The samples are chosen and tested according

to the quality management plan.

❑ Example: Selecting 10 engineering drawings

at random from a list of 75.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Performance Reviews

❑ It is a technique that is used to measure,

compare, and analyze the actual performance Earned Value Management (EVM)

of the work in progress of a project against

the baseline
Trend Analysis

Critical Path Method (CPM)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Root Cause Analysis

❑ Root cause analysis (RCA) is required to

identify the underlying cause of particular Fishbone Diagram
variances, defects, and risks

❑ Some of important RCA techniques are:

Pareto Chart

Scatter Diagrams

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Fishbone Diagram

❑ A fishbone diagram is a visualization tool for

categorizing the potential causes of a
problem.
Product quality
❑ It is also called the cause–and–effect analysis, does not match
the
Ishikawa diagram, or why-why diagram requirements

❑ The team can identify factors that are causing

the problem (via brainstorming) and check
their probable causes against people,
processes, equipment, material, etc.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Histogram

❑ Histogram is a bar chart that shows the

frequency of defects or errors

❑ The height of each column represents the

relative frequency of the cause of the problem
in a process

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Pareto Chart (80/20 Principle)

❑ A Pareto chart is a bar graph

Vital few
Tribal many
❑ The lengths of the bars represent the frequency
of defects or errors and are arranged with the
longest bars on the left and the shortest to the
right.

❑ In this way, the chart visually depicts which

situations are more significant.

❑ Pareto chart is related to Pareto’s Law (80/20

principle), where 80% of the problems are due Process
Instructions
Insufficient
Time Travel Other
System Management
Failure Direction
Frequency 30 25 15 14 11 5
to 20% of the causes Cumulative
Percentage 30% 55% 70% 84% 95% 100%

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Scatter Diagram

❑ Scatter diagram is a graph that shows the ❑ Example: Positive correlation- Adding resources

relationship between two variables plotted increases the project budget; Negative

along the X and Y axis on a two-dimensional correlation – Amount of budget spent on a task

graph decreases the remaining duration of the task

N
Positive correlation Negative correlation Zero correlation

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Control Chart

❑ Control chart is a graph used to represent ❑ Specification limits (USL & LSL) represent
whether or when the process is out of control acceptable variance from the mean, that’s
based on VOC
❑ It was developed by Dr. Walter A. Shewhart
❑ Any result that falls between USL and LSL are
❑ It can be used to measure project results such
acceptable; any result outside those limit is
as defects, costs, and schedule variance to
not acceptable
ensure whether they are allowable limits
(tolerance limit) ❑ Seven consecutive data points fall on the
same side of the mean, either above or below,
❑ Upper control limit (UCL) and lower control
the process is said to be out of control
limit (LCL) are ±3 standard deviations, that’s
based on VOP

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Control Chart
Upper specification limit (USL)
VOC

Special cause (action required)

V V
O O
C P
Mean

General cause
Lower specification limit (LSL)
(no action required)
VOC

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Design for X (DfX)

❑ Design for X is a set of guidelines to optimize

for a specific aspect of the design.

❑ The X can be reliability, cost, service, usability,

safety, quality, or any other variable that
supplements to the functional requirements

“The best design is the simplest one that works.”- Albert

Einstein

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Integrate
Planning
Activities
Domain: Process
ECO: TasK#9

Enablers:
❑ Consolidate the project/phase plans
❑ Assess consolidated project plans for dependencies,
gaps, and continued business value
❑ Analyze the data collected
❑ Collect and analyze data to make informed project
decisions
❑ Determine critical information requirements

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.127
Integration Management

❑ The Project manager should integrate all the

separate plans into a holistic master plan Project Management Plan

❑ Integrated plans can be assessed, identify

gaps and conflicts and correct it ❑ Scope ❑ Project Processes
❑ Requirements ❑ Scope ❑ Work Explanation
❑ Schedule ❑ Schedule ❑ Agile Project Plan
❑ The integrated holistic plan is called the ❑ Cost ❑ Cost ❑ Project approach
❑ Quality ❑ Change Management
project management plan that describes how ❑ Resource
Plan
❑ Configuration
❑ Communications Management Plan
the project will be executed, monitored, ❑ Risk ❑ Compliance Plan
❑ Procurement ❑ Management Reviews
controlled, and closed ❑ Stakeholder

Subsidiary Plans Additional

Baselines
Components

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
PMIS

❑ Project management information systems ❑ MS Project

❑ Primavera
(PMIS) are tools and techniques used in
❑ Zoho
project management to deliver information
❑ [Link]
❑ Project managers use the techniques and -------------------------------
❑ Jira
tools to collect, combine and distribute
❑ Azure
information through electronic and manual
❑ DevOps
means ❑ Wrike
❑ Target Process
❑ Some of the tools used for waterfall and agile
❑ Trello
project management areas:
❑ Basecamp
❑ Etc.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Managing Changes

❑ The changes in a waterfall are managed by monitor project artifacts and maintain its
the change control board (CCB) by following version control
a change management plan
❑ Change management plan describes how to
❑ The configurations items (CI) in the review, accept or reject and execute project
project/organization are managed by a changes (CR) through establishing a control
configuration management system (CMS) by board (CCB)
following a configuration management plan

❑ Configuration management plan describes

how to identify, capture, audit, track and

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Planning & Managing Changes in Complex Projects

❑ For complex projects (complexity in

requirements and solutions), the agile
approach can be used

❑ Some of the agile approaches for managing

change are:
➢ Disciplined Agile (DA)

➢ Scrum of Scrums (SoS)

➢ Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Plan and Manage
Procurement
Domain: Process
ECO: TasK#11

Enablers:
❑ Define resource requirements and needs
❑ Communicate resource requirements
❑ Manage suppliers/contracts
❑ Plan and manage procurement strategy
❑ Develop a delivery solution

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.132
Plan & Manage Procurement

❑ Procurement is the process of obtaining the ➢ Create a bid document (RFI/RFQ/RFP)

service or support from outside of the ➢ Execute procurement
organization

❑ Procurement strategy

➢ Analyze scope

➢ Make-or-buy analysis

➢ Make-or-buy decision

➢ Create a procurement management plan

➢ Create a procurement statement of work

(SOW)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Make-or-Buy Analysis & Decision

❑ Make-or-buy analysis is a technique for ❑ Make-or-buy decisions are the result of

identifying the best solutions for a product or analysis of the purchase at an external source
service whether to build in-house or procured or in-house manufacture of a product or
from outside service

Make-or-buy analysis Make-or-buy decision

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Procurement Management Plan

❑ Procurement management plan is a

component of the project or program
management plan that describes how to
acquire goods and services from outside of
the organization

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Procurement SOW

❑ The procurement statement of work (SOW) desired, quality levels, performance data,
describes the procurement item (work) in period of performance, work location, and
detail to allow prospective sellers to other requirements
determine if they can provide the products,
❑ The procurement SOW becomes a part of the
services, or result
contract
❑ It is developed from the project scope
baseline and it defines only the portion of the
project scope

❑ The SOW can include specifications, quantity

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Bid Documents

Bid document Purpose

Request for information (RFI) It is a procurement document where the buyer request
the seller to provide information about the product or
service

Request for quotation (RFQ) It is a procurement document used to receive

quotations (price) from sellers about the product or
service

Request for proposal (RFP) It is a procurement document used to receive proposals

(technical and commercial) from prospective sellers
about the product or service.
It is used when the solution is not easy to determine

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Source Selection Criteria

❑ Source selection criteria is a set of proposal ➢ Warranty

evaluation criteria ➢ Local content if the international project

❑ Some of the general criteria used for proposal ➢ References

evaluation are:
➢ Product cost and life cycle cost

➢ Financial capacity

➢ Similar project experience

➢ Past performance of sellers

➢ Training and knowledge transfer

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Bidder Conference

❑ Bidder conference is the meeting between the ❑ The project manager of the organization will
buyer and sellers before the submission of lead the bidder conference
proposals

❑ The bidder conference is to make sure that

the prospective sellers have a common
understanding of the procurement
requirements and that no potential sellers get
special treatment from the buyer.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Contract

❑ Contract is a mutually binding agreement ➢ Delivery date and schedule information

between buyer and seller where the seller
➢ Acceptance criteria
obligates to provide the specified project or
service and the buyer obligates the buyer to ➢ Price and payment terms

pay for it
➢ Provisions for termination

❑ Some of the important elements in the

➢ Guarantees and warranties
contract are:

➢ Description of the work for product or

service

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Traditional Types of Contract

Time and material (T&M)

Fixed-price Contract Cost-reimbursable Contract Contract

➢Suited for projects with well- ➢Suited for projects where ➢Suited for projects where
defined scope the scope or parameters are the scope of work can not
➢Lump sum contract uncertain and may change be quickly prescribed
➢Example: $1.25 M during implementation upfront
➢The risk lies with the seller ➢Includes incentives to meet ➢Both aspects are fixed and
cost, schedule, and cost-reimbursable (Hybrid)
performance ➢/materials and /man hours
➢Example: $1.25 M + ➢The risk shares between
incentive of $1000 per day if buyer and seller
meeting conditions
➢The risk lies with the buyer

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Agile Contract

Capped time and materials Target cost Incremental delivery

contract contract contract

➢ It’s similar to traditional ➢Supplier and customer ➢Customer can review the
time and material contract, agrees on a final price during contract during project
but; project cost negotiation lifecycle
➢Set an upper limit for ➢Customer can decide to
customer’s payment discontinue further building
of the product or service

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Control Procurement

❑ Control procurement is the process of

managing procurement relationships,
monitoring contract performance, making
changes and corrections as appropriate, and
closing out contracts

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Contract Changes

❑ Standard contract changes are applicable.

Type of change Example

Administrative change Some minor changes. Example: Payment terms have
changed from net 60 days to 30 days
Contract modification Major change. Example: Imposing new deadline
Supplemental agreement An addition to the contract that will be negotiated
separately
Contract termination The contract will be terminated due to late delivery,
poor quality, non-performance

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Disputes & Legalities

❑ Project manager needs to familiar with

disputes and legalities

Dispute Description
Warranty Service should meet promised reliability, safety, quality,
fitness for use

Waiver Giving up of some contract clauses

Breach of contract Failure to meet any of the items in the contract that will
be subject to litigation

Cease and desist (C&D) letter A letter will be sent to the party indicating to stop any
violations or illegal activities. Further, it continues with
legal actions

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Procurement Close

❑ The project manager can refer procurement ❑ Ensure that all issues are resolved, none of it
management plan to check the formalities of remains open
procurement close
❑ A contract closure letter can be released
❑ Ensure that all the deliverables are completed,
❑ Contract will be closed not only at the end of
submitted, and finally formal acceptance
the project, but it can be initiated and closed
❑ Ensure that there is no outstanding invoice at any time throughout the project depending
payment on the situation and requirements

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Establish Project
Governance
Structure
Domain: Process
ECO: TasK#14

Enablers:
❑ Determine appropriate governance for a project (e.g.,
replicate organizational governance)
❑ Define escalation paths and thresholds

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.147
Project Governance

❑ Project governance means framework,

functions, and processes that guide project
management activities to create a unique
product, service, or result to meet
organizational, strategic, and operational
goals

❑ Example: The product owner is the owner of

the product backlog and is responsible to
prioritize the requirements on it

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Governance Components

❑ Project governance indicating how the project ➢ Strategy Alignment

➢ Review process
will work and operate
➢ Stakeholder alignment
❑ Some of the components of project ➢ Escalation process
governance are:
➢ Project lifecycle
➢ Acceptance criteria
➢ Roles and responsibilities
➢ Decision-making process
➢ Change process
➢ Issue resolution
➢ Communication process

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Phases

❑ Project phase means a collection of logically produce one or more deliverables in a phase
related project activities
❑ After each phase, there is a review point
❑ Traditional projects are divided into phases,

Sequential
Overlapping

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Phase Gate

❑ Phase gate is a review point (go or no-go) at

the end of a phase in which a decision is made
to continue to the next phase, to continue
with modification, or to end a project or
program.

Phase Phase Final

Phase 1 Phase 2
gate gate Deliverable

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Agile Governance

❑ In an agile project, after each iteration there is

an iteration/sprint review where the product
owner and other stakeholders will review the
product that was completed in that particular
iteration and evaluate project performance

❑ Afterwards, the product owner will

reprioritize the product backlog, update the
product road map and releases.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Plan and Manage
Project or Phase
Closure
Domain: Process
ECO: TasK#17

Enablers:
➢ Determine criteria to successfully close the project or
phase
➢ Validate readiness for transition (e.g., to operations
team or next phase)
➢ Conclude activities to close out project or phase (e.g.,
final lessons learned, retrospective, procurement,
financials, resources)

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA M-2.153
Plan & Manage Project/Phase Closure

❑ Plan and managing the project means

finalizing all the activities for the project or
phase or closing the contract

❑ Some of the reasons for project closure are:

➢ Project is completed

➢ Project phase is completed

➢ Project is terminated

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Closure Activities

❑ Check with PMO to get a checklist for project ➢ Dealing with physical resources
➢ Relocating facilities
closure activities
➢ Documents and deliverables are up-to-
❑ When closing a project, the project manager date
➢ All issues are resolved and closed
should perform the following:
➢ Payments should be settled
➢ Review the project management plan to
➢ Close project account
ensure that all project work is completed
➢ Reassigning project team members
➢ Ensure the deliverables that meet
acceptance criteria are formally signed off ➢ Elaborating final project report
and approved by the sponsor or customer ➢ All project documents, artifacts, and
➢ Check whether the project has met project deliverables should be collected, indexed,
objectives and filed as an archives system

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Knowledge Management

❑ Lessons learned register should be completed ➢ Tactical lessons learned

and transferred to the repository

❑ Lessons learned can be collected from various

sources as:

➢ Scheduling lessons learned

➢ Conflict management lessons learned

➢ Seller’s lessons learned

➢ Customer lessons learned

➢ Strategic lessons learned

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Project Documents

❑ Project documents - All procurement other technical documentation will be part of

documentation should be collected, indexed, the procurement documents when closing a
and filed. Information on contract schedule, project.
scope, quality, and cost performance along with
❑ All project documents should be updated and
all contract change documentation, payment
marked as final versions as a result of project
records, and inspection results should be
closure.
cataloged.

❑ “As-built” plans/drawings or “as-developed”

documents, manuals, troubleshooting, and

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Preparing for Product/Service Transition

❑ As part of handing over any new product or communications, and support system
service, ensure training, documentation,

Training
Transfer
Verified
Deliverable to
Deliverable
• Direct & • Validate Operation Documentation
Manage • Control Scope • Close
Project Quality Project or
Work Phase
Deliverable
Accepted Communications
Deliverable

Support system

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Preparing for Product/Service Transition

❑ The project manager should be familiar with all

the legal, administrative, and financial criteria
to finalize the transference of ownership.

❑ The ownership of deliverables

(product/service/result) should be handed over
to a different group or organization as per the
project plan.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 Final Project Report

❑ It is a summary-level description of the of the final product/service/result and mapping

project/phase. to business needs; summary of risks and issues
encountered.
❑ It can include scope objectives, evaluation
criteria, and evidence of completion; qualitative
objectives; cost objectives, acceptable cost
range, actual costs, and reasons for any
variances; schedule objectives, actual milestone
delivery dates, reasons for variations; summary

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
O & M Document

❑ Operation & maintenance (O&M) is a ❑ While closing the project transfer lessons
document that is required for an organization learned register to the lessons learned
to maintain, operate, and support the product repository for future usage.
or service delivered by the project.

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
Celebrations!

❑ Project managers and their teams regularly

feel the pressure to deliver projects on tight
timelines and within budget, and that can get
stressful.

❑ When a project is finished and delivered to the

client, the teams should together to celebrate
and blow off some steam!

PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING. PMP LOGO AND THE RELATED STATEMENT IS A CERTIFICATION MARK OF PMI, USA
 ➢ Determine appropriate Project
Methodology/Methods and Practices
➢ Plan and Manage Scope
➢ Plan and Manage Schedule
Here is what we learned
➢ Plan and Manage Budget and Resources
➢ Plan and Manage Quality of Product and
Deliverables
➢ Integrate Project Planning Activities
➢ Plan and Manage Procurement
➢ Establish Project Governance Structure
➢ Plan and Manage Project/Phase Closure

M-2.163