Test No: 16 Fluid Mechanics

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Fluid Mechanics – Full Unit Test

Time: 1 hour 30 min Marks - 100
Syllabus:
Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy; kinematics and dynamics of flow;
Bernoulli's equation, dimensional analysis.
Viscous flow of incompressible fluids; boundary layer; elementary turbulent flow; flow through
pipes, head losses.
Hydraulic machines, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines, velocity diagrams.
One Marks (50 x 1 = 50)

1. An ideal fluid is defined as the fluid which

A. Is compressible

B. Is incompressible

C. Is incompressible and non-viscous (In viscid)

D. Has negligible surface tension.

Ans: C

2. The increase of temperature

A. Increases the viscosity of both liquid and gas

B. Decreases the viscosity of both liquid and gas

C. Increases the viscosity of a liquid and decreases the viscosity of a gas

D. Increases the viscosity of a gas and decreases the viscosity of a liquid

Ans: D

3. The gases are considered incompressible when Mach number

A. is equal to 1.0
B. is equal to 0.50

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C. is more than 0.3

D. is less than 0.2.
Ans: D
4. Gauge pressure at a point is equal to
A. Absolute pressure plus atmospheric pressure
B. Absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure
C. Vacuum pressure plus absolute pressure
D. None of the above.
Ans: B
5. Centre of pressure of a plane surface immersed in a liquid is
A. Above the centre of gravity of the plane surface
B. At the centre of gravity of the plane surface
C. Below the centre of gravity of the plane surface
D. None of the above.
Ans: C
6. For a floating body, the buoyant force passes through the
A. Centre of gravity of the body
B. Centre of gravity of the submerged part of the body
C. Metacentre of the body
D. Centroid of the liquid displaced by the body.
Ans: D
7. A submerged body will be in stable equilibrium if
A. The centre of buoyancy B is below the centre of gravity G
B. The centre of buoyancy B coincides with G
C. The centre of buoyancy B is above the metacentre M
D. The centre of buoyancy B is above G.
Ans: D
8. The necessary condition for the flow to be uniform is that

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A. The velocity is constant at a point with respect to time

B. The velocity is constant in the flow field with respect to space
C. The velocity changes at a point with respect to time
D. None of the above.
Ans: B
9. A stream line is a line
A. Which is along the path of a particle
B. Which is always parallel to the main direction of flow
C. Across which there is no flow
D. On which tangent drawn at any point gives the direction of velocity.
Ans: C
10. The velocity components in x and y directions in terms of stream function (φ ) are
∂φ ∂φ
A. u= , v=
∂x ∂y
∂φ ∂φ
B. u=- , v=
∂x ∂y
∂φ ∂φ
C. u = , v=
∂y ∂x
∂φ ∂φ
D. u = - , v=
∂y ∂x
Ans: D
11. The relation between tangential velocity (v) and radius (r) is given by
A. V*r=constant for forced vortex
B. V/r=constant for forced vortex
C. V*r2=constant for free vortex
D. V/r=constant for free vortex
Ans: B
12. The range for co-efficient of discharge (Cd) for a venturimeter is
A. 0.6 to 0.7
B. 0.7 to 0.8

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C. 0.8 to 0.9
D. 0.95 to 0.99
Ans: D
13. The co-efficient of velocity (Cv) for an orifice is

√
2
A. Cv = 4 x
yH
2x
B. Cv =
√ 4 yH
C. Cv =
√ x2
4 yH
D. None of the above
Ans: C
14. For the laminar flow through a circular pipe
A. The maximum velocity=1.5 times the average velocity
B. The maximum velocity=2.0 times the average velocity
C. The maximum velocity= 2.5 times the average velocity
D. None of the above.
Ans: B
15. The loss of pressure head for the laminar flow through pipes varies
A. As the square of velocity
B. Directly as the velocity
C. As the inverse of the velocity
D. None of the above.
Ans: B
16. For the laminar flow through a pipe, the shear stress over the cross-section
A. Varies inversely as the distance from the centre of the pipe
B. Varies directly as the distance from the surface of the pipe
C. Varies directly as the distance from the centre of the pipe
D. Remains constant over the cross-section.

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Ans: C
17. For viscous flow between two parallel plates, the pressure drop
12 μ UL
A. 2
ρg D
12 μ U L
B. 2
D
32 μ U L
C. 2
D
12 μ U
D. 2
D
Ans: D
18. A boundary is knows as hydro dynamically smooth, if
k
A. = 0.3
δ'
k
B. ¿0.3
δ'
k
C. ¿0.25
δ'
k
D. = 6.0
δ'
Ans: C
19. The loss of head due to sudden contraction of a pipe is equal to

( )
2
1 V2
A. −1
Cc 2g

B. ( 1− )
2
1 V 2
C 2g c

1
C.
Cc
( 1−V 22 )
2

D. 1− (
1 V2
Cc 2 g )
Ans: D

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20. Power transmitted through pipes will be maximum when

A. head lost due to friction=1/2 total head at inlet of the pipe
B. head lost due to friction=1/4 total head at inlet of the pipe
C. head lost due to friction= total head at inlet of the pipe
D. head lost due to friction=1/3 total head at inlet of the pipe.
Ans: D
21. Reynold’s number is defined as the
A. Ratio of inertia force to gravity force
B. Ratio of viscous force to gravity force
C. Ratio of viscous force to elastic force
D. Ratio of inertia force to viscous force.
Ans: D
22. Mach number is defined as the ratio of
A. Inertia force to viscous force
B. Viscous force to surface tension force
C. Viscous force to elastic force.
D. Inertia force to elastic force.
Ans: D
23. Euler's number is the ratio of
A. Inertia force to surface tension force
B. Inertia force to elastic force
C. Inertia force to gravity force
D. Inertia force to pressure force
Ans: D
24. Reynold number is expressed as
ρμL
A. Re =
V
VμL
B. Re =
ρ

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ρVL
C. Re =
μ
V∗d
D. Re =
γ
Ans: C
25. Froude’s number (Fe) is given by

A. Fe = V
√ L
g

B. Fe = V
√ g
L
V
C. Fe =
√ Lg
D. F e =
√ Vg
L
Ans: C
26. Displacement thickness (δ *) is given by
δ

A. δ * = ∫ ¿ ¿ ) dy
0

δ
U
B. δ * = ∫ ¿ ¿ ) dy
0 u
δ
u
C. δ * = ∫ ¿ ¿ ) dy
0 U
D. none of the above.
Ans: A
27. Energy thickness (δ **) is equal to
δ
u
A. δ ** = ∫ ¿ ¿ ) dy
0 U
δ
u
B. δ ** = ∫ ¿ ¿ ) dy
0 U

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δ
u
C. δ ** = ∫ ¿ ¿ )2 dy
0 U
D. none of the above.
Ans: B
28. Von-Karman momentum integral equation is given as
2 τ0 ∂θ
A. =
ρU
2
∂x
τ0 ∂θ
B. =
ρU
2
∂x
τ0 ∂θ
C. =
2ρU
2
∂x
D. none of the above.
Ans: B
29. The condition for boundary layer separation is

A. ( ∂∂ uy ) y=0
= +ve

B. (
∂ y)
∂u
= -ve
y=0

C. (
∂ y)
∂u
=0
y=0

D. none of the above

Ans: C
30. The boundary layer flow will be attained to the surface if

A. ( ∂∂ uy ) y=0
=0

B. (
∂ y)
∂u
= +ve
y=0

C. (
∂ y)
∂u
= -ve
y=0

D. None of the above

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Ans: B
31. Lift force is defined as the force exerted by a flowing fluid on a solid body
A. In the direction of flow
B. Perpendicular to the direction of flow
C. At an angle of 45° to the direction of flow
D. None of the above.
Ans: B
32. Drag force is expressed mathematically as

1 2
A. FD = ρ U * CD*A
2

B. FD = ρ U 2* CD*A

C. FD = 2 ρ U 2* CD*A

D. None of the above

Ans: A

33. Life force (FL) is expressed mathematically as

A. FL = 2 ρ U 2* CL

1 2
B. FL = ρ U * CL*A
2

C. FL = 2 ρ U 2* CL*A

D. FL = ρ U 2* CL*A

Ans: B

34. Total drag on a body is the sum of

A. Pressure drag and velocity drag

B. Pressure drag and friction drag

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C. Friction drag and velocity drag

D. None of the above.

Ans: B

35. Terminal velocity of a falling body is equal to

A. The maximum velocity with which body will fall

B. The maximum constant velocity with which body will fall

C. Half of the maximum velocity

D. None of the above

Ans: B

36. Hydraulic intensifier is a device used for

A. Storing energy of a fluid in the form of pressure energy

B. Increasing pressure intensity of à fluid

C. Transmitting power from one shaft to another

D. None of the above.

Ans: B

37. The tangential velocity of ideal fluid at any point on the surface of the cylinder is given

by

A. uθ = 2U sinθ

B. uθ =U sinθ

1
C. uθ = U sinθ
2

D. none of the above

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Ans: C

38. The continuity equation in differential form is

dA dV dρ
A. + + =0
A V ρ

B. AdA+VdV + ρdρ=0

A V ρ
C. + + = constant
dA dV dρ

dA dV dρ
D. + + = constant
A V ρ

Ans: A

39. Super-sonic flow means

A. Mach number¿ 1.0

B. Mach number = 1.0

C. Mach number > 1.0

D. None of the above.

Ans: C

40. Curve b in fig. corresponds to

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A. Ideal fluid

B. Newtonian fluid

C. Non-Newtonian fluid

D. Ideal-solid.

Ans: C

41. The relation between surface tension (σ ) and difference of pressure (∆ p) between the

inside and outside of a liquid droplet is given as

σ
A. ∆ p=
4d

σ
B. ∆ p=
2d

4σ
C. ∆ p=
d

σ
D. ∆ p=
d

Ans: C

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42. The meta-centric height (GM) is given by

I
A. GM = BG –
V

V
B. GM = – BG
I

I
C. GM = - BG
V

D. None of the above

Ans: C

43. If the velocity in a fluid flow changes with respect to length of direction of flow, it is

called

A. Unsteady flow

B. Compressible flow

C. Irrotational flow

D. None of the above.

Ans: D

44. The convective acceleration in the direction of x is given by

∂u ∂v ∂w
A. u +v +w
∂x ∂y ∂z

∂u ∂u ∂u
B. u +u +u
∂x ∂y ∂z

∂u ∂v ∂w
C. u +u +u
∂x ∂y ∂z

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∂u ∂u ∂u
D. u +v +w
∂x ∂y ∂z

Ans: D

45. For a two-dimensional fluid element in xy plane, the rotational component is given as

A. ω z = (
1 ∂ v ∂u
+
2 ∂x ∂ y )
B. ω z = (
1 ∂u ∂ v
−
2 ∂x ∂y )
C. ω z = (
1 ∂u ∂ v
+
2 ∂x ∂ y )
D. ω z = (
1 ∂v
2 ∂x
−∂ u/∂ y )
Ans: D

46. An oil of specific gravity 0.7 and pressure 0.14 kgf/cm2 will have the height of oil as

A. 70 cm of oil

B. 2 m of oil

C. 20 cm of oil

D. 10 cm of oil.

Ans: B

47. The difference in pressure head. Measured by a mercury water differential manometer for

a 20 m difference of mercury level will be

A. 2.72 m

B. 2.52 m

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C. 2.0 m

D. 0.2 m.

Ans: C

48. Water-hammer in pipes takes place when

A. Fluid is flowing with high velocity

B. Fluid is flowing with high pressure

C. Flowing fluid is suddenly brought to rest by closing the valve

D. Flowing fluid is gradually brought to rest.

Ans: C

49. A turbine is a device which converts

A. Hydraulic energy into mechanical energy

B. Mechanical energy into hydraulic energy

C. Kinetic energy into mechanical energy

D. Electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Ans: A

50. The pressure head due to acceleration (ha) is reciprocating pump is given by

l a 2
A. ha = * *ω rsin θ
g A

l A 2
B. ha = * *ω rsin θ
g a

l A 2
C. ha = * *ω rcos θ
g a

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A 2
D. ha = ω rsin θ
a

Where A-area of cylinder, a-area of pipe and r -radius of crank.

Ans: C

Two Marks (25 × 2 =50)

1. The dynamic viscosity of an oil, used for lubrication between a shaft and sleeve is 6
poise. The shaft is of diameter 0.4 m and rotates at 190 rpm. The thickness of the oil film
is 1.5 mm. The power lost in the bearing for a sleeve length of 900 mm is ________.
A. 180.05 W
B. 716.48 W
C. 1592 W
D. 398 W

Ans: B

Sol:

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2. If the velocity profile of a fluid over a plate is a parabolic with the vertex 20 cm from the
plate, where the velocity is 120 cm/sec. The velocity profile and shear stress profile are
___________.
A. u=−0.6 y +12 , τ=−0.51 y +10
B. u=−0.3 y 2+ 12 y , τ=−0.3 y 3+ 20 y 2
C. u=−0.6 y 2 +6 y , τ=−0.51 y +10
D. u=0.3 y 2+12 y , τ=0.51 y −10.2
Ans: D
Sol:

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3. A thin plate 1 m wide is slowly lifted vertically from a liquid with a surface tension of 0.1
N/m. Determine what force will be required to overcome the surface tension.
A. 0.1 N
B. 0.2 N
C. 0.01 N
D. 0.02 N

Ans: D

Sol:

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4. A tanker lorry of cylindrical shape 6 m in length is filled completely with oil of density
830 kg/m3. The lorry accelerates towards the right. If the pressure difference between the
front and back at the centre line should not exceed 40 kPa, (gauge) what should be the
maximum acceleration? Neglect weight component.
A. 9.81 m/s2
B. 18.62 m/s2
C. 8.03 m/s2
D. 4.01 m/s2
Ans: C

Sol:

5. In a differential manometer a head of 0.6 m of fluid A in limb 1 is found to balance a

head of 0.3 m of water in limb 2. Density of fluid A is____________.
A. 2000 kg/m3
B. 500 kg/m3
C. 1800 kg/m3
D. Cannot be determined

Ans: B

Sol:
ρ A g ( 0.6 )=1000 g ( 0.3 )
3
ρ A =500 kg /m

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6. A wooden cylinder having a specific gravity of 0.6 has a concrete cylinder of the same
diameter and 0.2 m length attached to it at one end. The specific gravity of the concrete is
2.5. What is the length of the wooden cylinder for the composite block to float vertically?
A. 0.2 m
B. 0.75 m
C. 2 m
D. 7.5 m

Ans: B

Sol:

7. The stream function for a flow is given by 𝜑 = xy. What is the circulation?
A. x2y
B. - x2y
C. 0
D. –y
Ans: C
Sol:

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8. In a two dimensional flow, what is the possible x component velocity if y component

velocity is given as v=2 y 2+2 x−2? Assume steady incompressible flow.
A. u=2 x + 4 xy
B. u=2 x−4 xy
C. u=x+2 xy
D. u=x−2 xy

Ans: B

Sol:

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9. Water is discharged through a 150 mm dia pipe fitted to the bottom of a tank. A pressure
gauge fitted at the bottom of the pipe which is 10 m below the water level shows 0.5 bar.
Determine the flow rate. Assume the frictional loss as 4.5V22/2g.
A. 0.0739 l/s
B. 73.9 l/s
C. 45.2 l/s
D. 7.39 l/s

Ans: B

Sol:

10. Match the following in the list I with the list II.
List I List II
1. Bernoulli equation A. A. Potential Function

2. Continuity equation B. B. Stream line

3. Euler’s equation C. C. Total head

4. Laplace equation D. D. Conservation of mass

A. 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C

B. 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A
C. 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
D. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

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Ans: B

11. The x and y components of a velocity field are given by u=x− y and y=x 2 y−8 . What
are the location of stagnation points in the flow field?
A. (1,2)
B. (2,1)
C. (1,1)
D. (2,2)
Ans: D

Sol:

u=0∧v=0 at stagnation points .

3
∴ x= y∧x =8

so ( x , y )=(2 , 2)

12. An oil with a viscosity of μ=0.4 Ns/m2 and density ρ=900 kg /m3 flows in a pipe of diameter
D=0.02m . What is the pressure drop needed to produce a flow rate of
Q=0.02l/ s if the pipe is horizontal with a length of 10 m?
A.5.1 KPa
B. 10.2 KPa
C. 20.4 KPa
D. 40.8 KPa
Ans: C
Sol:

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13. A light oil of viscosity 0.032 Nsm -2 and SG 0.854 is to be transferred from one vessel to
another through a horizontal pipe. If the pressure drop along the pipe is not to exceed 150
N/m2 per metre length to ensure a satisfactory flow and flow is always to be laminar,
what is the maximum possible internal diameter?
A. 2 cm
B. 4 cm
C. 8 cm
D. 16 cm

Ans: C

Sol:

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14. Match the List I and II using code given below:

List I (Characteristic) List II (Type of fluid)

( ∂∂ ux ) n<1
n
A. Water suspension of clay and fly
1. τ=μ ash

2. τ=μ ( ) n>1
n
∂u B. Liquid solid combinations in pipe
∂x flow

3. τ=τ + μ ( )
∂u C. Blood
0
∂x

( )
n
∂u D. Butter
4. τ=τ 0+ μ
∂x

A. 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C

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B. 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A

C. 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
D. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
Ans: B
15. Match the List I and II using code given below:
List I (Characteristic) List II (Type of fluid)
A. Path traced by a particle passing 1. Path line
through a fixed point
B. Tangent to velocity vector at every dx dy dz
2. = =
point. u v w
C. Trajectory of a particle of fixed 3. Stream line
identity
D. Curve traced by a fluid particle over 4. Streak line
a period of time.
A. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
B. A-4, B-2&3, C-1, D-1
C. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
D. A- 4, B-3, C-2, D-1

Ans: B

16. The equivalent length of the stepped pipeline shown in figure below, can be expressed as

A. 5.25L
B. 9.5L
33 L
C.
32

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33 L
D.
8

Ans: D

Sol:

Qeq =Q1=Q2=Q3

Total head loss=hl 1 +hl 2 +hl 3

2 2 2 2
f Leq Q fL Q fL Q fL Q
2
= 2
+ 2 + 2
A gD A 1 g D 1 A 2 g D 1 A3 g D 3

Leq L L L
5
= 5
+ 5
+ 5
D D (0.5 D) ( 2 D)

33 L
Leq =
8

17. A fluid of viscosity 0.72Ns/m2 and specific gravity 1.34 is flowing through a circular pipe
of diameter 100 mm. The maximum shear stress at pipe wall is given as 200 N/m 2 then
pressure gradient in N/m is _________.
A. 7000
B. 5000
C. 6000
D. 8000

Ans: D

Sol:

−∂ p r
τ=
∂x 2

At r =R and τ =τ max

∂p
Substituting the given values, =8000 N /m
∂x
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18. Consider a fluid flowing through a plate with free stream velocity u 0. Width of plate is b.

()
2
y
Velocity of fluid at y distance from plate within boundary layer is given as u=u0 . To
δ
compensate the reduction of mass/s plate should be displaced by a distance of
__________. (take δ=100 mm ¿
A. 33.33 mm
B. 66.67 mm
C. 50 mm
D. 16.67 mm

Ans: B

Sol:

Let plate is displaced by δ ¿ then, loss of mass per second flowing through distance δ ¿
¿
loss of mass per second =ρ u0 b δ
δ
ρ u0 b δ =∫ ρb ( u 0−u ) dy
¿

¿ 200
After doing integration, δ = =66.67 mm
3

19. A two dimensional flow field has velocities along the X and Y direction given by u=x2 t
and v=−2 xyt respectively, where t is time. The equation of stream line is
A. x 2 y =constan t
B. x y 2=constant
C. xy=constant
D. Not possible to determine

Ans: A

Sol:

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∂φ
=v=−2 xyt
∂x

∂ φ=−2 xyt ∂ x
2
φ=−x yt + f ( y )

∂φ 2 '
=−x t+ f ( y )
∂y
'
f ( y )=0

f ( y )=C
2
φ=−x yt +C

C can be taken zero.

So, φ=−x 2 yt

For a particular distance, x 2 y =Constant

20. Match List I with List II and find correct answer using the code given below the lists.

List I List II
A. Compressible flow 1. Reynolds number

B. Free surface flow. 2. Nusselt number

C. Boundary layer flow 3. Weber number

D. Pipe flow 4. Froude number

E. Heat convection 5. Mach number

6. Skin friction coefficient

A. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-6, E-3

B. A-3, B-4, C-6, D-1, E-2
C. A-5, B-3, C-6, D-1, E-4
D. A-5, B-3, C-6, D-1, E-2

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Ans: D

21. In a Pelton wheel, a jet strikes to bucket with velocity 51.36 m/s and diameter of jet is
0.152 m. If jet ratio is 12 then speed of turbine is (assume maximum hydraulic efficiency)
A. 268 rpm
B. 670 rpm
C. 300 rpm
D. 890 rpm

Ans: A

Sol:

πDN
u=
60

v1
For maximum hydraulic efficiency, u= =25.68 m/ s
2

D
Jet ratio, m=
d

D=12 × 0.152=1.82 m

u ×60
N= =268.3 rpm
πD

22. In a Francis reaction turbine, discharge from the runner is radial at outlet. Blade speed at
inlet is 10m/s and whirl velocity at inlet is 12 m/s. If power developed is 100 kW then
discharge is
A. 0.73 m3/s
B. 0.57 m3/s
C. 0.91 m3/s
D. 0.83 m3/s

Ans: D

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Sol:

P= ρQ ( V w 1 u1 )

1000 ×1000=1000× Q ×12× 10

3
Q=0.83 m / s

23. Velocity at entrance and exit of a conical draft tube are 6 m/s and 1.3 m/s respectively.
Tail water is 5 m below the entrance of draft tube. Assuming friction loss of 0.1,
atmospheric pressure head as 10.3 m of water. Pressure head at entrance to draft tube
A. 4.27 m
B. 1.29 m
C. 3.65 m
D. 2.87 m

Ans: C

Sol:

[ ]
2 2
P 2 Pa v 2 −v 3
= − H s+ −h f
W W 2g

P2
[ ]
2 2
6 −1.3
=10.3− 5+ −0.1 =3.65 m
W 2g

24. The shear stress distribution across a section of two fixed parallel plates having viscous

flow is given by

−1 ∂ p 2 2
A. τ = [t -y ]
2 ∂x

−1 ∂ p
B. τ = [t-2y]
2 ∂x

−1 ∂ p
C. τ = [ty-y2]
2 ∂x

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−1 ∂ p
D. τ = [y-ty]
2 ∂x

where t=distance between two∥plates∧ y is measured ¿ the plate .

Ans: B

25. An impulse turbine produces 125 hp under a head of 25 metres. By what percentage
should the speed be increased for a head of 100 metres?
A. 25 %
B. 50 %
C. 75 %
D. 100 %
Ans: D

Sol:

If a turbine is working under different heads, the behavior of turbine can be easily known from
the unit quantities
N1 N2
N u= =
√ H1 √ H2

√
N2 100
= =2ie, the speed has to be increased by 100%.
N1 25

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