AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
[Link] RAO
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
RGUKT-AP
SRIKAKULAM
Contents:
Introduction
Components of air quality standards
Factors considered for setting air quality standards
National ambient air quality standards for India
WHO air quality guidelines
Air quality standards for different countries
Emission Standards in India
Emission Standards in different countries
Need of Pollution Standards
Pollution is a big concern to the human race today. We are
not able to conserve our environment properly, and if we do
not act upon it, our natural resources will soon get depleted.
Pollution in any form is dangerous, be it pollution of air,
water or noise, and therefore, it needs to be controlled to
save our environment.
It is necessary for us to adopt national and international
emission standards which ensure better utilization of
resources and help in controlling pollution.
Governments all over the world are now serious about
environment, and therefore, we get emission standards to
follow in design and maintenance of automobiles.
Air Quality Standard
Air quality standards refer to levels of air pollutants
prescribed by regulations that may not be exceeded during a
specified time in a defined area.
The acceptable threshold level of air pollution in terms of its
potential impacts on health and environment is defined as the
ambient air quality standard.
These standards are adopted and enforced by a regulatory
body or authority.
Every standard should have stand alone definition and its
threshold values should be justified appropriately.
Components of Air Quality Standard:
Factors considered for setting air quality standard:
Adverse effects on health
Special population at risk
Dose response curves
Exposure characterisation
Risk assessment
Acceptability of risk
National Ambient Air Quality Standards:
1970 Interest in air quality management policies begins in India during the 1970s.
After the 1972 Stockholm conference on the human environment, it became
1972 clear the nation was in need of uniform environmental law.
1981 As the result, the Air ( prevention and control of pollution ) Act was passed
by parliament in 1981.
1994 With the goal of providing for the prevention, control and abatement of air
pollution, the first ambient air quality standards were adopted in 1982 by
the Central Pollution Control Board ( CPCB ) and revised in 1994 and again
2009 in 2009.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards India: Revised in 1994
National Ambient Air Quality Standards India: Revised in 2009
WHO air quality guidelines 2021:
The World Health Organization (WHO) released revised air quality guidelines on September 2021, the first
major update to the standards in 15 years.
The revised recommendations, produced from evidence based data and information and a growing awareness,
resulted in nearly all pollutant standards being strengthened in comparison to the air quality guidelines
established in 2005 ( published in 2006) .
Air Quality Standards in different countries:
Emission Standards
Emission standards define release limits which are usually measured directly at their sources.
The sources include tailpipe emissions from cars and trucks, stack emissions from factories and power plants,
and general air emissions from domestic sources.
Emission Standards in India:
Emission standards are governmentally promulgated limits
on the emissions of a pollutant from a process.
India have initiated to follow emission standards through
the motor vehicle act of 1988, which allows the
government to implement the emission standards.
Emission standards for petrol vehicles from 1991 and for
diesel vehicles from 1992 and started to follow EURO
emission standards as a reference from the year 2000.
Indian emission standard “ Bharat Stage(BS)” for India
2000 (BS-I) is taken from EURO-I emission standards as
reference.
Emission Standards in different countries: