PRESENTED BY

INTRODUCTION
-High demand of intensity and energy on workout nowadays

-Necessity of extra help and not only from food

-Introduction of supplements

-High caffeine Pre-Workout

Alprojack (2016), WHEY PROTEIN (RUSSIAN SONG) OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO HD, Available at: [Link] (Accessed: 20/03/19)
AIMS

•The aims of the investigation are to answer questions such as

•How the pre-workout affects the heart rate and blood pressure in:

•Males and females

•Active and inactive individuals

•Then the reliability of the product, if it is safe or not, how the values
varies overtime, and mainly does it really change our BP and HR?

•If the Pre-workout lives up to its claims?

MYPROTEIN (2019) Available at: [Link] (Accessed: 4 April 2019).

METHODS
WORKOUT WITHOUT PRE-WORKOUT
• Resting heart rate measured using
1st sphygmomanometer 3 times.

• Participants exercised for intervals of 2,4,6

minutes.
2nd • Heart rate measured for every intervals
• This step was repeated again
• Recovery time was measured after 6 minutes
interval.
3rd • Then repeated to amongst participants.
METHODS WORKOUT WITH PRE-WORKOUT
• Participants consumed one scoop of pre-
1st workout with 400ml of water

• Participants exercised for intervals of 2,4,6

minutes.
2nd • Heart rate measured for every intervals
• This step was then repeated.

• Recovery time was measured at the end of

3rd the sessions.
RESULTS
Graph showing heart rate without Graph showing heart rate with Pre-
80 Pre-workout drink 80 workout drink

PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF HEART RATE (%)

PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF HEAR RATE (%)

70 68 70
66 67
60 63
60 58 55
50 50
45
40 40 41

30 29 30 28
27 26
22 22 24 23
20 20
18
13 15 14
10 10
7
0 0 1
-5 -4
2min 4min 6min -10 2min 4min 6min
-10
TIME (MINS)
TIME (MINS)

A B C D A B C D

Figure. 1A Figure. 1B
DISCUSSION:
• Figure 1A shows the increasing heart rate of the participants while working out without Pre-workout, increased normally
and it does not have a increasing trend as expected.
• Figure 1B shows the heart rate of the participants while working out with Pre-workout, values of the heart rate decreased,
which is unexpected, does have a increasing trend as expected. Interesting result for participant C and only A responded
correctly to the pre-workout.
 Average of recovery time without Pre- workout between participants (+/- S.D)
10.00
9.00
Recovery time (min)

8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
Average
Figure 2
DISCUSSION:
• Average recovery time for all participants around 5 minutes.
• Impossible to record the average recovery time for the Pre-workout as it take more than 30 minutes for all the
participants due to the effect of the pre-workout.
 Systolic pressure of participants Systolic pressure of participants
exercising without Pre-workout exercising with pre-workout
200 200
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE (MMHG)

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE (MMHG)

150 150

100 100

50 50

0 0
2 4 6 2 4 6
TIME (MIN) TIME (MIN)

A B C D A B C D

Figure 3A Figure 3B

DISCUSSION:
• Figure 3A, Systolic pressure with and without pre-workout.
• Figure 3B, Systolic pressure increased more than normal.
Discussion

Caffeine There is 100mg of Caffeine which increases heart rate and sympathetic nervous system
(Geethavani et al, 2014), as caffeine blocks certain neurotransmitters in the brain making the
participants feel more awake. Furthermore, it can stimulate the CNS to improve endurance (Davis
et al, 2002).
When excess amount of caffeine is consumed, the heart will pump fast and the blood volume drives
against narrowed blood vessels and this will increase blood pressure and ultimately will cause the
heart to “burst”.

Tenor (2017) Heart Broken GIF. Available at: [Link] (Accessed: 4 April 2019).

Guarana Guarana is a seed from a Brazilian shrub and it is used in drinks for a tonic or as a stimulant.
There is 75mg of Guarana , which contains caffeine which subsequently increase blood pressure
and heart rate.

diogoppr (2014) Guarana, 3d ingredient - Stock image. Available at: [Link] (Accessed: 4 April 2019).
Teacrine TeaCrine® is a purine alkaloid similar to caffeine and it works by moderating
neurotransmitters such as increasing dopamine levels. This means that
Teacrine® can increase blood pressure and enhance mood. Therefore
participants will show enhanced performance and higher heart rates after
taking the pre-workout supplement.
TeaCrine poised to rev up market size post self-affirmed GRAS (2016) Available at: [Link]
(Accessed: 4 April 2019).

Vitamin B6 Vitamin B6 is involved in the rise of plasma growth hormone which improves performance.
Vitamin B6 is involved in the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which
regulates mood and is responsible for converting food into energy. Therefore Vitamin B6 can
increase heart rate due to the fact that more energy and serotonins are being
released. ([Link], 2006).
QUALI®-B (VITAMIN B6) (n/a) Available at: [Link] 4 April 2019).

Chemicals like L-Citruline malatate and L-Arginine AKG 2:1 increases nitric
oxide production. Nitric oxide is a vasodilator, therefore it relaxes the blood
vessels and increases blood flow, allowing more blood to be pumped around the
body (Reid et al, 2010).
L-Critruline malatate
& L-Arganine AKG 2:1 Jinsy (2016) Blood Vessels. Available at: [Link] (Accessed: 4 April 2019).
EVALUATION
What should be done for future investigations:
• When consuming the Pre-workout some of the individuals did not drink it all at once and they drank it in sips instead. This would have had
more accuracy if done in one go.
• Have a large sample size ( increases validity as it can produce mean values , identify outliers and prevent large marginal errors.
• Another aspect to change is the time taken between the drink and the start of the workout. The time to wait before starting the workout is at
least 30 minutes and individuals B and C could not be able to do so.

• There were not enough participants therefore when presenting the results it would have been more reliable if more people were included.
• Limited to equipment - ECG would have been more accurate (Ragsdale et al , 2010).
• Also more exercising equipment to intensify the workout as for pre-workout sachet to work to its potential.

• When measuring blood pressure, blood pressure monitors were not enough and therefore some participants might have waited too long as
two participants were sharing one monitor.

• The intensity of the workout was not intense therefore the pre-workout may have not worked, therefore maybe using a treadmill or running
for a longer period, like what this scientific paper conducted when testing Caffeine on individuals (Gonzaga et al (2017).
What have been done correctly:
• All participants made the effort to work-out, even in extra-class meet-up
• All participants decided to intake pre-workout drink even though the “risk”
• Most of the participants attended all the meet-ups scheduled by the team.
CONCLUSION
•It is possible to state that even though the limits the investigation led on the pre-
workout gave interesting results and confirmed that it gives a sort of extra boost
on participant's heart rate, blood pressure and performance, is also
recommendable to use pre-workout wisely as it has side effects as reported by
some participants.

Let’s answer the aims!

•How the pre-workout affects the heart rate and blood pressure in:

•Males and females

•Active and inactive individuals

•Then the reliability of the product, if it is safe or not, how the values varies
overtime, and mainly does it really change our BP and HR?

Moreh, J. (no date) Human Heart - Anatomical Rendering on Dark Background. Available at:
•If the Pre-workout lives up to its claims? [Link]
[Link] (Accessed: 28/03/2019)
REFERENCES
Adam M. et al. (2011), ‘Effect of a pre-workout energy supplement on acute multi-joint resistance exercise’ Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10(2), pp. 261–6.

Davis, JM. et al. (2002) ,‘Central nervous system effects of caffeine and adenosine on fatigue’ Department of Exercise Science.

Fox. M ( 2017), “Caffeine Overdose Killed South Carolina Teen, Coroner Rules”, Accessed: 27/03/2019, [Link]
coroner-rules-n759716

Geethavani, G. et al. (2014) ‘‘Effect of Caffeine on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure’ International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications , 4(2) , pp.1- 2.

Gonzaga, AL. et al. ( 2017), ‘Caffeine affects autonomic control of heart rate and blood pressure recovery after aerobic exercise in young adults: a crossover study’ , Scientific reports.

Hugo, P. et al. (2002), “Acute effects of caffeine on heart rate variability.’ The American journal of cardiology, 90(8), pp. 906–907.
Ragsdale, Frances et al. (2010) ‘Effect of Red Bull energy drink on cardiovascular and renal function’, Amino Acids. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 38(4), pp. 1193–1200. doi: 10.1007/s00726-009-0330-z.

Reid, J. et al. (2010), ‘Effects of 7 days of arginine-alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation using NO2 Platinum on brachial artery blood flow and the levels of plasma L-arginine, nitric oxide, and eNOS after
resistance exercise’, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. BioMed Central, 7(Suppl 1), pp. P22–P22. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-S1-P22

Tylor, J. et al. (2016), ‘Safety of TeaCrine®, a non-habituating, naturally-occurring purine alkaloid over eight weeks of continuous use’ Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 13(1), pp.2-2.
Doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0113-3

WebMD (2017) ,L-citrulline. Available at: [Link] (accessed: 20/03/2019)

WebMD (2019), Theacrine , Available at: [Link] (Accessed: 20/03/2019)

Woolf K, Manore MM. (2006) ,‘B-vitamins and exercise: does exercise alter requirements?’ International journal of sport nutrition . 16(5):453-84. Available at:
[Link]
 For all attending our presentation:

Any questions regarding our investigation? We

would love to answer!