5 The diagram shows the position of some organs in the human body.

The organs may be

found in either a male or a female, or in both.

(a) Use the letters shown to label, on the diagram, the organs that produce the following
hormones:

J – testosterone

K – insulin

L – progesterone

M – follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). [4]

(b) Explain how one of the hormones from (a) travels from the named organ that produces it to
its named target organ.
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(c) Explain how the hormones progesterone and luteinising hormone (LH) are linked in the
menstrual cycle.
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............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 11]
6 Fig. 6.1a shows the right eye of a person before moving into an area of bright light.

Fig. 6.1a Fig. 6.1b

(a) (i) Complete Fig. 6.1b to show the appearance of the right eye of the person shortly after
moving into an area of bright light. [1]
(ii) With reference to named structures within the eye, describe the changes that take place
when a person moves into an area of bright light.

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
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.......................................................................................................................................[5]

(b) Name the type of action that occurs to make the changes that you have described and
suggest why it is important that these changes take place.

type of action ......................................................................

why the changes take place .....................................................................................................

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[4]
[Total: 10]
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a horizontal section of the human eye and the pathway taken by light rays as
they leave an object.

(a) Complete the diagram by continuing the lines from the object to show how the light rays
produce a focussed image on the retina.

Fig. 4.1
[3]
(b) (i) State how the appearance of the pupil in the eye will change when a person moves
from dim light into an area of bright light.
................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain how this change is brought about by structures in the eye.
......................................................................................................................................................
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................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The change in appearance of the pupil when entering an area of bright light is a reflex
action.

(i) Define the term reflex action.

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.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Suggest why drugs that prevent this reflex action from occurring should be avoided.
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.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
2. (a) A person visits an eye doctor to have an eye test. On the wall of the doctor’s room is a diagram of
an eye.

(i) Name the part labelled X.

......................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe one way in which the structure of X is related to its function.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Name layer Y.

......................................................... [1]

(b) As part of the eye test, the doctor shines a bright light into the eye and takes a picture. The

picture shows layer Y and the choroid layer behind it

(i) Name structure Z.

......................................................... [1]

(ii) Layer Y does not contain blood vessels.

Explain how the blood vessels in the choroid layer are important for layer Y.

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..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(c) When the bright light is shone into the eye there is a pupil reflex which causes the pupil to

become smaller.

Explain how named parts of the eye and of the nervous system are involved in this pupil

reflex.

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............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a diagram of the eye.
(a) State the name of A and B.

Write your answers on Fig. 1.1.

[2]

(b) (i) Describe how B will change when a bright light shines on it.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest how this change protects the eye.

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.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 5]
1 Fig. 1.1 shows the human eye in horizontal section. 5090/22/M/J/12

(a) (i) Identify A and B that are labelled on Fig. 1.1.

A .............................................

B ............................................. [2]

(ii) Describe what happens to A when light entering the eye becomes less intense.

..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Place a letter Z on Fig. 1.1 where a response occurs as a result of a reflex action.

[1]

(b) In some people’s eyes, the retina becomes completely detached from the tissues

beneath. Explain how this will affect their ability to see.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) As people get older, cloudy (opaque) patches sometimes form in the lens of the eye.

These are called cataracts.

Suggest how cataracts might affect the ability of the lens to carry out its function.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 10]
9 (a) For each of the following, state where, in the reflex arc, they are found and state their

functions. 5090/21/M/J/11

• sensory neurones

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• relay neurones

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

• motor neurones
...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[5]

(b) Explain why, just after hearing a sudden loud noise, a person’s heart beats faster.

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...............................................................................................................................................[5]

[Total: 10]
7 (a) A person looks up from focusing on a near object to focus on an object further away.
Describe how changes that take place in named components of the person’s eye produce a
focused image of the distant object.
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.............................................................................................................................................. [6]

(b) Suggest why these changes that take place in the eye are controlled by the nervous system,
rather than by a hormone.
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.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 10]
 HORMONE
2. The human body produces over fifty different hormones.

(a) Describe what is meant by the term hormone.

...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) The list shows some of the hormones produced by the human body:

A adrenaline
B luteinising hormone
C insulin
D progesterone
E oestrogen
F glucagon.

Complete Table 1.1 by writing the correct letters in each box. Each box can contain one or
more letters and each letter can be used more than once. The first one has been done for
you.
Table 2 .1
(c) The functions of the body are coordinated by nerve impulses and hormones.

Compare these two types of coordination.

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[Total: 10]
7 (a) Define the term hormone.
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(b) (i) State the role of the hormone insulin in controlling blood sugar concentration.
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...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Name the condition caused if a person is unable to produce sufficient amounts of the
hormone insulin.

Describe the signs of the condition that you have named, and its treatment.
name of condition
………………………………………………….
description of signs and treatment

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[Total: 10]
9 (a) Describe how the nervous system is involved in the maintenance of a constant body
temperature.
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...............................................................................................................................................[6]

(b) Describe the role of the hormone adrenaline and give one example of a situation in which
adrenaline may be released.
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...............................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 10]