Understanding Culture

Society and Politics

Quarter 2 - Module 10

Prepared by: Daniel A. Ranoy

 Government Programs and
Initiatives in Addressing Social
Inequalities
At the end of this lesson you should be able to:
a. Identify the social inequalities prevalent in our
society;
b. Identify and describe the programs and initiatives
of the government in addressing inequalities.
T H E M EA N I N G O F S O C I A L I N EQ UA L I T Y
Social Inequality is the difference in the distribution of
social desirables such as wealth, power, and prestige.
• It also refers to the unequal opportunities of
individual's based on their social class or status.
• This explanation is mostly inspired by Karl Marx's
analysis the rise of industrialization.
Social inequality results from a society organized by
hierarchies of class, race, and gender that unequally
distributes access to resources and rights.
 Some social inequalities and programs that the
government is undertaking to address inequalities

1. Inequality in the access to social, political,

and symbolic capital

2. Minority groups
1. Inequality in the access to social, political,
and symbolic capital

Social Capital is the ability of a collective to

act together to pursue a common goal. It
refers to the connection of individuals within
the society.
Political Capital refers to the trust, good will,
and influence possessed by a political actor,
such as politician, to mobilize support
toward a preferred policy outcome.
Symbolic Capital refers to the resources that
one possesses which is a function of honor,
prestige or recognition, or any other traits that
one values within a culture. Like also in many
other circumstances, rich people had greater
opportunities to enter into politics or in any
other aspects because of their level in the
society.
Government Programs Addressing these
Inequalities are:

•Conditional Cash Transfer program (4Ps)

•Agrarian reform in the Philippines
•SK Reform Act of 2015
• Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education
Act
2. Minority groups

are groups composed of less-dominant

classifications in society that experience
disproportionately lower opportunities
than their dominant counterparts.
Some relevant issues involving minority groups:

• Gender Inequality
• Ethnic Minorities
• Other minorities
1. Gender Inequality

o In some countries women are paid

relatively lower than men due to their
sexuality and biological differences.
o The LGBT community has always been
treated indifferently and discriminatively
because they do not fall within a
biologically defined gender group.
Programs:

• The Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive

Development (PPGD)
•Magna Carta of Women (MCW)
2. Ethnic Minorities
o Because some minorities live traditionalistic lives
far away from the city and technology, and some
may appear differently than usual, they have been
consistently labeled and treated as people with
minimal knowledge and capabilities.
o Lack of resources easily available for many are
not utilized within their group, and thus receive
negative attention from the dominant public.
Programs:

• Republic Act 8371, Indigenous

Peoples Rights Act
3. Other Minorities

o This may include people with disabilities or

people with religions that are less prevalent in
society.
o These minorities experience discrimination
in work, especially when the disabled have
physical limitations, while the religious have
practices and beliefs that are greatly disagreed
upon by the majority.
Programs:

• Republic Act No. 9442, an Act Amending

Republic Act No. 7277, known as Magna Carta for
Disabled Person's, and For Other Purposes
Granting Additional Privileges and Incentives and
Prohibitions on Verbal, Non-verbal Ricule and
Vilification Against Persons with Disability
• Special protection to children who are
gravely threatened or endangered

• Enactment of Anti-bullying Law

 Analyzing Social Inequalities
The existence of minority groups in functionalist and conflict societies
are all embedded in each type of society's principles.

• In a functionalist society, minorities also play social roles that

contribute to social balance and equilibrium. However, there roles are
bound by limitations and social norms.
• In conflict societies, minority groups are seen as lower-class
individuals that will not be able to keep up with the consistent
competition occuring within the environment.
• In both societies, discrimination against minorities is possible.
Inequality among minority groups is greatly driven by global
inequalities significantly coming from the influence of richer, more
influential countries.
 TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE 2030
AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and preposperity. It also
seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. It resolved to free
the human race from the tyranny of poverty and want and to heal and
secure our planet. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets
which they're announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of
this new universal Agenda. They seek to build on the Millennium
Development Goals, seek to realize the human rights of all, and to
achieve gender quality and the empowerment of all women and girls.
They're integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of
sustainable development; the economic, social and environment.
GOALS AND TARGET WILL STIMULATE ACTION OVER
THE NEXT 15 YEARS IN AREAS OF CRITICAL
IMPORTANCE FOR HUMANITY AND THE PLANET:

People

We are determined to end poverty and hunger, in

all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that
all human beings can fulfill their potential in
dignity and equality and in a healthy
environment.
Planet

We are determined to protect the planet from

degradation, including sustainable consumption
and production, sustainably margins its natural
resources and taking urgent action on climate
change, so that it can support the needs of the
present and future generations.
Prosperity

We are determined to ensure that all human

beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives
and that economic, social and technological
progress occurs harmony with nature.
Peace

We are determined to foster peaceful, just and

inclusive societies which are free from fear and
violence. There can be no sustainable
development without peace and no peace without
sustainable development.
Partnership

We are determined to mobilize the means

required to implement this Agenda through a
revitalized Global Partnership for Sustainable
Development, based on a spirit of strengthened
global solidarity, focused in particular on the
needs of the poorest and most vulnerable and
with the participation of all countries, all
stakeholders and all people.
 Sustainable Development Goals

• Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

• Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and
improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
• Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for
all the ages
• Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality
education and promote lifelong learning opportunities
for all
• Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all
women and girls
• Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all
• Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern energy for all
• Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable
economic growth, full and productive employment and
decent work for all
• Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive
and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
• Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
• Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements, safe,
resilient and sustainable
• Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production
patterns
• Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change
and its impacts
• Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas
and marine resources for sustainable development
• Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss
• Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access for justice for all
and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions
at all levels
• Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and
revitalize the global partnership for sustainable
development
Happy learning everyone!!!

Prepared by: Daniel A. Ranoy