Introduction to Probability
Tutorial 8
1.
(a) Continuous data: Because the height of a person could be
"measured" but not "counted"
(b) Discrete data: Because the random variable only lies in the
grading system and it gives no alternative, no decimal data
(c) Continuous data: The thickness of a metal could only be
"measured" and not "count"
(d) Continuous data: The purity of a chemical solution could only be
calculated ( or "measured" )
(e) Discrete data: Because the variable could only be countable, not
in decimal data
(f) Continuous OR Discrete data: A person's age could be in decimal
data or not. For example, you could be 18, 20 years old but also 20.5
years old, it's basically 20 years and a half old
2.
(a) Make a sketch of the probability density function.
(b) Check that the total area under the probability density function is
equal to 1.
6
∫ x ∗ ln1(1.5) = 1
4
So the total area under the probability density function is always
equal to 1.
(c) What is P(4.5 ≤ X ≤ 5.5)?
5.5
1
∫ x ∗ ln(1.5) = 0.4949
4.5
(d) Construct and sketch the cumulative distribution function.
x
1 ln(x) ln(4 ) ln(x)
F(x) = P(X =< x ) = ∫ x ∗ ln (1.5) = ln(1.5) - ln(1.5) = ln(1.5) - 3.419
4
3.
(a) Find the values of A and B and sketch the cumulative distribution function.
F(x) = A + B*e − x
Condition 1: When x come to infinity, F(x) come to 1 (because the highest
probability is 1).
F(∞ ) = A + B*e −∞ = A + B * 0 = A
Because of F(∞ ) = 1 therefore putting this to formula we can get A = 1. (1)
Condition 2: When x = 0, F(x) = 0 (because the probability smaller than 0 is 0)
F(0) = A + B*e −0 = 1 + B*1 = 0
=> B = -1 (2)
From (1) and (2), we have: F(x) = 1 - e − x
(b) What is P(2 ≤ X ≤ 3)
P(2 ≤ X ≤ 3) = F(3) - F(2) =e −2 - e −3= 0.0855
(c) Construct and sketch the probability density function.