Need For Conservation

Conservation of wildlife and forests is vital for ecological stability. Wildlife is very
important to people who love nature and want to experience nature in its most
pristine form and forests make excellent retreats away from the hustle and bustle
of city life. Pollination and seed dispersal by birds, insects and animals is
essential to increase diversity of genetic recombination, as variation has been a
basis of evolution. Wildlife serves as gene library; pre mature extinction of
species leads to irreversible loss of genetic information that influences the future
evolution of life on earth. Bio and ecological diversities are essential to all life in
earth and should not be disturbed by human actions. This blue planet, on which
we live, is beautiful flowers, green trees and animals. To save the enchanting
natural world, ecosystem as a whole has to be saved for our future generations
to enjoy. Unless the entire ecosystem is preserved, the individual species will not
be able to survive for long. Our planet earth must be conserved for our future
generations to see and enjoy. The nature must be conserved to make the future
generations more prosperous and wealthy.

The theme of this year’s World Environment Day was zero tolerance to poaching
of wildlife. Life in the wild promotes biological diversity, which in turn, provides
materials for food, clothing, medicines, papers, beverages and spices for daily
use. From the days of the hunter-gatherer—when hunting animals and gathering
fruits, tubers and herbs sustained humans—till the present time, human society,
without even being aware of it, always depended on nature.

Kaziranga National Park

Kaziranga National Park is a national park in the Golaghat, Karbi Anglong and Nagaon
districts of the state of Assam, India. The sanctuary, which hosts two-thirds of the
world's great one-horned rhinoceroses, is a World Heritage Site.[2] According to the census
held in March 2018 which was jointly conducted by the Forest Department of the
Government of Assam and some recognized wildlife NGOs, the rhino population in
Kaziranga National Park is 2,413. The One-Horned rhinoceros, Royal Bengal Tiger, Asian
elephant, wild water buffalo and swamp deer are collectively known as 'Big Five' of
Kaziranga.

On 1 June 1905, the Kaziranga Proposed Reserve Forest was created with an area of
232 km2 (90 sq mi). Kaziranga is located between latitudes 26°30' N and 26°45' N, and
longitudes 93°08' E to 93°36' E. The park is approximately 40 km (25 mi) in length from east
to west, and 13 km (8 mi) in breadth from north to south.[15] Kaziranga covers an area of
378 km2 (146 sq mi), with approximately 51.14 km2 (20 sq mi) lost to erosion in recent years.
[15]
A total addition of 429 km2 (166 sq mi) along the present boundary of the park has been
made and designated with separate national park status to provide extended habitat for
 increasing the population of wildlife or, as a corridor for safe movement of animals to Karbi
Anglong Hills. Elevation ranges from 40 m (131 ft) to 80 m (262 ft).

Pench National Park

Pench National Park is a national park in India's Madhya Pradesh state, established in 1975 with
an area of 257.26 km2 (99.33 sq mi).[1] It includes Pench Tiger Reserve and derives its name from
the Pench River that flows through the park from north to south dividing the park into almost equal
western and eastern halves, the well-forested areas of Seoni and Chhindwara districts respectively.
It was declared a sanctuary in 1965, raised to the status of national park in 1975 and enlisted as a
tiger reserve in 1992.

The national park consists of dry deciduous forests and much fauna and flora including tigers,
various types of deer and birds.[2] In 2011, the park won the "Best Management Award".

Pench National Park comprises 758 km2 (293 sq mi), of which 299 km2 (115 sq mi) form the park's
core area and Mowgli Pench Sanctuary. The remaining 464 km2 (179 sq mi) form the buffer zone.
Elevation ranges from 425 to 620 m (1,394 to 2,034 ft). The protected area is covered with small hills
and teak mixed forest in the southern reaches of the Satpura Range. The temperature varies from
4 °C (39 °F) in December to 42 °C (108 °F) in May. Average rainfall is 1,300 mm (51 in).

The park is home to around 40 Bengal tigers, 39 species of mammal, 13 species of reptile, 3 species
of amphibian. Commonly seen wildlife is chital, sambar, nilgai, wild boar, and jackal. Also Indian
leopard, sloth bear, indian wolf, wild dog, porcupine, monkeys, jungle cat, fox, striped
hyena, gaur, four-horned antelope and barking deer live in the park.

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve in the Nilgiri mountains of the Western
Ghats in South India. It is the largest protected forest area in India, spreading across Tamil
Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.[1] It includes the protected
areas Mudumalai, Mukurthi, Nagarhole, Bandipur, Silent Valley National Park, and Aralam Wildlife
Sanctuary, Wayanad, Karimpuzha and Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuaries.
A ecosystem of the hill ranges of Nilgiris and its surrounding environments covering a tract of over
5000 square kilometers was constituted as Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in September
1986 under Man and Biosphere Programme. Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve is India's first and foremost
biosphere reserves with a heritage, rich in flora and fauna. Tribal groups like the Badagas, Todas,
Kotas, Irullas, Kurumbas, Paniyas, Adiyans, Edanadan Chettis, Allar, Malayan are native to the
reserve.
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve harbours more than 3,700 plant species, including about 200 medicinal
plants; the 132 endemic flowering plants are contained in the list of endemic plants in the Nilgiri
Biosphere Reserve
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve harbours 14 bird species that are endemic to the Western Ghats.[8] Of
these, the Nilgiri laughingthrush Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and adjacent areas host the largest Asian
elephant population in India, estimated at about 5,750 individuals by 2007. Herds move in 562–
800 km2 (217–309 sq mi) large home ranges and congregate at perennial watersources during the
dry season. inhabits only higher elevations above 1,200 m (3,900 ft).[ Fauna includes over 100
species of mammals, 370 species of birds, 80 species of reptiles, about 39 species of fish, 31
amphibians and 316 species of butterflies. In the 1970s, an area of around 5,670 km2 (2,190 sq mi)
in the Nilgiri Mountains was proposed to be included in the list of biosphere reserves of India

Efforts and results of Kaziranga National Park

A list of 12 acts and constitutional safeguards ranging from the Assam Forest Regulation of 1891 to
the Biodiversity Co nservation Act of 2002 ensure legal protection to the park. A management plan
for Kaziranga (2003–04 to 2012–13) has been prepared in which all the objectives, problems,
zonations and strategies are clearly defined for greater protection. [2] A Geographical Information
System (GIS) based management information system to keep an eye on the soil erosion and soil
deposition by river waters is under consideration in the Management Plan
For controlling poaching many steps have been taken by the park authorities including maintenance
of existing and construction of new poaching camps, adequate staffing, providing mobility, patrolling,
intelligence gathering, firearms and control over the use of firearms around the park. [4] The park has
about 122 anti-poaching camps[5] scattered throughout the Park, including two floating camps on the
Brahmaputra river. There are 123 country boats, 6 mechanized boats, 4 speed boats (OBM), 2
motor launches, 20 motor vehicles and 47 departmental elephants to assist the anti-poaching squad.
[

During floods and to mitigate its effect on the environment and wildlife effective steps like increasing
of patrols, maintenance of existing and acquiring of new speed boats etc., controlling speed on the
National Highway 37, construction and maintenance of highlands with the help of Indian Army,
removal of water hyacinth and close collaboration with other civil departments are some of the
measures taken.
The Kaziranga National Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1985, under
criteria (ii) and (iv). The Park is well known for its success in conserving the greater
one-horned rhinoceros, whose population within the Park has grown from 366 in 1966
to about 1,200 at present.
Efforts and results of Pench National Park
The Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) in Maharashtra is in the process of
implementing Rs21 crore National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change
(NAFCC) project to restore degraded and unproductive land to not only
creating natural ecosystem benefiting tigers and villagers, but also convert it
into a carbon sink stock of 11,253 tonnes.
Pench is the first tiger reserve in the country to implement the project, which
aims to restore wildlife habitat in 250 hectares, which was once encroached
upon by settlers who were brought as labourers for construction of Totladoh
dam. It also includes concrete structures of irrigation colony in 50 hectares.
The project will involve dismantling old structures of discarded and demolished
buildings, clear and collect all debris and take up additional soil and moisture
conservation, afforestation works by developing meadows, nurseries and
taking up Miyawaki plantations, seed collection and vermi composting.
Due to these efforts they have won the Best Eco Friendly Hotel Award from MP Tourism
for the year 2018-2019, Nominee for Best Eco friendly Forest Lodge for the year 2016-
17, Best Eco Friendly Hotel Award from MP Tourism for the year 2018-2019, Travellers
Choice Award 2020,etc.
Efforts and Results for conservation by Nilgiri Biosphere reserve
Conservation and management of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve depends on the coordination
between government agencies and the local people. For effective management, the Nilgiri Biosphere
Reserve has been zonalised as

 core zone (1240 [Link])

 buffer zone (4280 [Link])

The buffer zone is further divided into manipulation zones like forestry, tourism and recreation zones.
These zones are located in all the three states of Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Kerala into which the
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve extends. Most of the plantations are seen only in the manipulation zone.
Being one of the hotspots of biodiversity, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve has some national parks and
wildlife sanctuaries within its boundaries. Conservation of wildlife is the main objective of these
national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Some of these areas have been designated by the
government as Project Tiger and Project Elephant areas.
Apart from preserving biological and cultural diversity, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve also provides
ecological sustainability to the entire region. Research and monitoring of the management and
conservation of the natural wealth of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve are being carried out by various
government institutions and departments.
The recent success in conservation of NBR was the restoration of a crucial elephant
corridor. The narrow corridor — 1 km wide and 10 km long —encompassing 3,500
acres from Kallati to Bokkapuram via Mavanallah and Semmanatham is a milestone
in the history of any forest Department. It is not just a restoration of a lost corridor but
also that of lost pride in the history of NBR.
The golden shake through which tribal families are re-located from Ayyankudi to
Mullampadi near Gudalur was another success story in NBR

Conclusion
A national park, an area set aside by a national government for
the preservation of the natural environment. Biosphere reserves are
‘learning places for sustainable development’. They are sites for
testing interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and
managing changes and interactions between social and ecological
systems, including conflict prevention and management of
biodiversity. In the modern, overpopulated world the need for dedicated space for
wildlife is increasingly important. National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and protected
spaces for nature help conserve the natural world and benefit us all in many ways.
Whether a National Park is giving someone space to walk and exercise, or a wildlife
sanctuary is promoting conservation, these places play an important role in
society. National Parks Help Protect Wildlife
Unfortunately many animal species today face extinction, mainly because their natural
habitats are being steadily destroyed. National parks safeguard these habitats, and
provide a safe space for wildlife to breed and survive. Without national parks certain
animal species are at greater risk of becoming extinct – a landscape needs to be
protected in order to provide habitat for wildlife. Animal sanctuaries give a specific place
where animals are kept in captivity in order to preserve the species.
National Parks Help Protect Landscapes
Animals are not the only things that are at risk of disappearing. Landforms like
mountains, rainforests, gorges and dunes are at risk of disappearing if they are not
protected from the actions of humans and also the natural action of the environment. I n
many national parks around the world people live generally apart from main civilization,
and their culture and members are largely protected thanks to the status of the national
park.