Module 5 – Azimuth reference function generation
Program to run: ‘azi_ref.m’
Functions used : ‘azimuth_chirp.m’
Input : Doppler centroid frequency (inside the program). From previous program
output, we need to include the value in 13 line of azi_ref.m
Output : \module_6\azimuth_ref.dat
Description :
This part of the module generates the azimuth reference function for azimuth
compression. It uses the Doppler centroid frequency estimated in module 3 and the parameters
extracted earlier from the LEADER file. It contains code ‘azi_ref.m’ which uses the user-defined
function ‘azimuth_chirp.m’. Run ‘azi_ref.m’ for generating reference function in azimuth
direction. This code writes ‘azimuith_ref.dat’ in module 6 where it will be used for further
processing.
Explanation :
Azimuth Reference function generation:
After range compression, we need to focus the data in azimuth direction. To do that, we
need the azimuth reference signal which will be used in match filtering in azimuth direction.
Range is calculated for each pixel based on which the squinted range is estimated by using the
following relation,
Range
Rsqu int ed
2
.f .i
1
2.V
eff
where i is ith azimuth line start from zero.
An important point to be noted here is that the beam width of the antenna used by the sensor
changes with range. Since range increases with each column, beam width also increases. Thus,
each range-bin will require a different reference function.
( )
Note that we are taking only 80% of the beam width (3dB). The pulse length for each range bin
will be
We already calculated the number of lines taken for each patch which came out to be
2048. Due to wrap around effects, the last should be discarded.
The azimuth chirp rate for the reference signal is calculated using the relation,
This is derived as a part of theory of SAR image formation. This along with Doppler centroid
frequency is i into ‘azimuth_chirp.m’ for chirp signal generation. The signal generated is written
into a file ‘azi_ref.dat’ in module 6.
Results:
azimuth reference signal
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Time taken - 146 seconds