FORCE
1. Define Force
Ans: Push or Pull on an object is called force.
2. State the effects of force?
Ans: i) Change in state of rest or motion
ii) Change in direction of motion
iii) Change in Size or Shape of the body
iv) Change the speed of the moving object.
3. What are the different types of forces?
Ans: There are two types of [Link] are
I) Contact Force
ii) Non Contact force.
Contact Force: The force that occurs only when the two objects are in touch with
each other.
Eg: Friction, Tension , Normal Reaction, Muscular force etc.
Non Contact force: The force that can occur even when the bodies are not in
contact with each [Link] are also called Field Force.
Eg: Gravitational force, Electrostatic force, Magnetic force.
Gravitational force is always attractive whereas electrostatic and magnetic forces
can be attractive or repulsive.
S.I Unit of FORCE: newton
It is denoted by a letter N.
Force is represented by an arrow.
The size of the arrow shows the magnitude of the force and the head of the
arrow shows the direction.
C.G.S unit - dyne
1 newton = 10^5 dyne.
Balanced and Unbalanced forces:
Balanced Forces: Two or more forces of equal magnitude acting in opposite
directions are called balanced forces. They cancel out each other and the body
will remain at rest.
Unbalanced forces: Forces of unequal magnitude acting in opposite directions
and sets the body into motion are called unbalanced forces. Unbalanced force
produces acceleration.
Resultant force: The single force that has the same effect on a body as two or
more forces.
Friction: A force that resists the relative motion of a body when it comes into
contact with the surface of another body is called friction.
Types of friction: Static and Dynamic friction.
Static Friction: The friction acting between two surfaces when there is no relative
motion between them.
Dynamic friction is of two types
I) Sliding friction: Friction that occurs when an object slides against the surface of
another object.
Ii)Rolling friction: Friction that occurs when an object rolls over the surface of
another.
Static friction has the highest magnitude when compared to dynamic friction.
Static friction is also called self adjusting friction.
Rolling friction has the least magnitude when compared to static and sliding
friction.
Friction in fluids:
The friction acting on an object moving through a fluid is called fluid [Link] is
also called drag.
Air resistance: Friction acting on an object moving through air.
Solid friction: The resistance to motion caused when two surfaces are in contact
with each other.
Gravity: The force that exists between any two objects that has mass.
Acceleration due to gravity: The uniform acceleration produced in a free falling
object by gravitational pull of [Link] value is 9.8m/s^2.
Gravitational field strength : The gravitational force exerted per unit mass placed
at that point.
Mass and weight:
Earth uses a force of 9.8 N to pull an object of mass 1kg.
Calculating weight:
W =m×g
Gravitational field strength:
g= W/m
Falling and turning
Terminal velocity: The greatest speed reached by an object moving through a
fluid.
Centripetal force:
Relationship between Force , mass and acceleration
F= ma
Momentum: Product of mass and velocity is called momentum.
p = mv
Change in momentum= mv-mu=∆p=∆(mv).
Impulse: The change in momentum of an object or the force acting on an object
multiplied by the time for which the force acts.
Impulse= F x ∆t
Impulse= force x time for which the force acts.
Resultant force= Change in momentum / unit time.
F= ∆p / ∆t.
F= mv-mu / ∆t
Collision: The meeting of two bodies in which each exerts a force on the other.
Principle of conservation of momentum:
It states that total momentum is constant and does not change because of the
collision between the bodies.
Total momentum before collision= total momentum after collision.