Design of

Combined Footing

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 Example
• Given Column 1 size 30x 30
Reinf. 422
Column 2 size 40x 40cm
Reinf. 424
Ultimate soil bearing pressure , qult = 150kPa
fyk = 300MPa fyd = 300/1.15 = 260.87 MPa

C25 fck= 20MPafctk = 1.5 MPa,

Required:- Design of rectangular combined footing

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 800kN 1200kN
Property line 350m

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 • SOLUTION
• Proportioning of footing
R
800kN 1200kN
X’
15cm 350cm

• R = 800 +1200 = 2000kN

• RX’ = 1200 *350  X’ = (1200 *350)/2000 = 210cm
• a = 2 ( X’ + 15) = 450 cm

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• qult = R/A = 2000/ (4.50*b)
• 150 = 2000/(4.50 *b)  b =2.96m
• Take b =3.00m
• Actual contact pressure
•  = R/ab = 2000/ (4.50*3.00) = 148.15kPa < qult ……….. ok

• Shear force and bending moment diagrams

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0.30m 3.15m 0.40m 0.65m
800kN 1200kN

822.24kN 148.15*3=444.45kN/m
1.65m d

66.67kN

377.76kN
599.99kN-m
733.33kN

5.00kN-m
160.59kN-m
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• Thickness of the footing
• Wide beam shear
• The magnitude of the wide beam shear is read off from the shear
force diagram at a distance of d from the face of the column.
• V = 444.45 (3.45 –d) -800 =733.35-444.45d
• Take d= 0.60m and  = min = 0.5/fyk = 0.5 /300 = 0.0017
• Then, V =466.68kN
• The wide beam shear resistance according to EBCS-2 is given
by
Vud = 0.25fctd k1k2 bwd (MN)
k1 = ( 1+50) = (1 +50*0.0017) =1.085
k2 = 1.6 – d =1.6 -0.6 = 1
Vud = 0.25 *1*1.085*1*3.0*0.60 =0.488MN =488kN>V …OK!

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 • Punching shear

1.5d +0.30 =1.2 1.5d +0.40 +0.65=1.95

3d+0.3=2.1

3d+0.4=2.2
300cm

1.5d +0.30 =1.2 1.5d +0.40 +0.65=1.95

450cm

• Perimeters Pr1 =1.2+1.2+2.1 =4.5m

Pr2 =1.95+1.95+2.2=6.1m
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• Net shear force developed under column 1
V1= 800 -148.15*(1.2*2.1) =426.66kN
• Net shear force developed under column 2
V2 = 1200-148.15* (1.95*2.2)=564.43kN
• Punching shear resistance
Vup = 0.25fctd k1k2ud (MN)
d= 0.60m and  = min = 0.5/fyk = 0.5 /300 = 0.0017
k1 = ( 1+50) = (1 +50*0.0017) =1.085
k2 = 1.6 – d =1.6 -0.6 = 1
u1 = Pr1 =4.5m , u2 = Pr1 = 6.1m
• Punching shear resistance under column 1
• Vup = 0.25 *1000* 1.085*1*4.5*0.6=732.38kN > V1…… ok!

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• Punching shear resistance under column 2
• Vup = 0.25 *1000* 1.085*1*6.1*0.6=992.78kN > V2………… ok!
• Moment capacity of concrete
M  0.32  f cd  bd 2
 0.32  11 .33  10 3  3.00  0.6 
2

 3915 .65 kN  m  M max ....Ok !

• Calculation of reinforcement
– Long direction
The reinforcement shall be calculated for the maximum moment
Mmax = 599.99kN-m

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 f  2M 
  cd 1  1  2 
f yd  f cd bd 
11 .33  2  599 .99 
  1  1    0.0022   min
11 .33  10 3  3.0  0.6 
2
260 .87  
As  bd  0.0022  300  60  39 .6cm 2

Use  = 20, as = 3.14cm2

No. of bars , n= 39.6/3.14 =12.6 , use 13 bars
Spacing = (300-2*5)/ (n-1) =24.2cm

Use 13  20 c/c 240mm

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 – Short direction

l1 = (3-0.3)/2 = 1.35m l2 = (3-0.4)/2

, = 1.30m

a’+d/2= 2.55 m a’+d= 0 .35 m

0.3+0.3=0.60m 0.4+0.6=1.0m

Effective width at exterior and interior columns being a+d/2 and

a+d, respectively

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• Contact pressure under columns 1 and 2
800
1   444 .44 kN / m 2
3.00 X 0.60

1200
2   400 kN / m 2
3.00 X 1.00

• Bending moment
• M1 =444.44 *1.35*0.60*1.35/2 = 243kN-m

• M2 = 400 * 1.30 *1.00 * 1.30/2 = 338kN-m

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• Calculation of Reinforcements
– Under column 1
Moment capacity of concrete
M  0.32  f cd  bd 2
 0.32  11 .33  10 3  0.60  0.58 
2

 731 .79 kN  m  M 1 ....Ok !

f  2M 
  cd 1  1  2 
f yd  f cd bd 
11 .33  2  243 
  1  1    0.0049   min ....ok !
11 .33  10 3  0.60  0.58 
2
260 .87  
As  bd  0.0049  60  58  17 .05 cm 2
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Use  = 20, as = 3.14cm
No. of bars , n= 17.05/3.14 =5.4 , use 6 bars
Spacing = (60-5)/ (n-1) =9.2cm
Use 6  20 c/c 90mm

– Under column 2
Moment capacity of concrete
M  0.32  f cd  bd 2
 0.32  11 .33  10  1.00  0.58 
3 2

 1219 .65 kN  m  M 2 ....Ok !

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 f cd  2M 
 1  1  2 
f yd  f cd bd 
11 .33  2  338 
 1  1    0.0040   min ....ok !
260 .87  11 . 33  10 3
 1  0 . 58 2

As  bd  0.0040  100  58  23 .20 cm 2

Use  = 20, as = 3.14cm

No. of bars , n= 23.20/3.14 =7.4 , use 8 bars
Spacing = (100)/ (n-1) =14.3cm
Use 8  20 c/c 140mm
• The reinforcement between the two strips will be nominal
reinforcement to prevent shrinkage cracks
• Short direction
• Asmin = min bd = 0.0017 *255 *58 =25.14cm2
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 Use  = 20, as = 3.14cm
No. of bars , n= 25.14/3.14 = 8 , use 8 bars
Spacing = (245)/ (7)
=35cm < 400mm (smax for secondary bars)……. ok
Use 8  20 c/c 350mm
•Long direction
Asmin = min bd = 0.0017 *300 *60 =30.60cm2
No. of bars , n= 30.16/3.14 = 9.7 , use 10 bars
Spacing = (300-10)/ (9)
=32.2cm < 400mm (smax for secondary bars)……. ok
Use 10  20 c/c 320mm

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•Cantilever portion
–Bottom reinforcement , long direction
–Critical moment from bending moment diagram is M =160.59kN-m
f  2M 
  cd 1  1  2 
f yd  f cd bd 
11 .33  2  160 .59 
  1  1    0.00057   min
11 .33  10 3  3  0.60 
2
260 .87  
As   min bd  0.0017  300  60  30 .60 cm 2

Use  = 20, as = 3.14cm

No. of bars , n= 30.6/3.14 =9.7 , use 10 bars
Spacing = (300-2*5)/ 9 =32.22cm
Use 10  20 c/c 320mm

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 Short direction
Provide minimum reinforcement
• Asmin = min bd = 0.0017 *35 *58 =3.45cm2
• No. of bars , n= 3.45/3.14 =1.1 , use 2 bars
Spacing = (25)/ 2 =12.5cm
Use 2  20 c/c 125mm

• Development length
• Short direction
• Under column 1
 f yd 2  260 .87
ld    130 .44 cm
4 f bd 4 1
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• Available development length, la =135-5=130cm < ld
Bend the bars upward with a minimum length of 10cm
• Under column 2

 f yd 2  260 .87
ld    130 .44 cm
4 f bd 4 1

• Available development length, la =130-5=125cm < ld

Bend the bars upward with a minimum length of 10cm

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