Mensuration is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of different geometrical shapes,
their perimeter,area , surface area, curved surface area, volume etc. Basically, there are two
type of geometric shapes (i) 2D shapes (ii) 3D shapes
2D shapes are : circle, square, rectangle, square , parallelogram, rhombus etc.
3D shapes are : cube , cylinder, cone , cuboid, sphere , prism , pyramid , cone etc.
Now let’s learn all the important mensuration formulas involving 2D and 3D shapes. Using this
mensuration formula list, it will be easy to solve the mensuration problems.
Mensuration formulas for 2D -shapes:
Name Figure Area Perimeter
Rectangle
l= length,
b=breadth
Square 4 x side= 4a
a= side , d= If d is given , then
diagonal
(i)
Triangle
a+b+c
(ii) Heron's Formula
(scalene)
b =base, h= height or altitude
of a triangle
(i)
Equilateral
3a
triangle a= side , h= height
(ii)
or altitude
(i)
AC=diagonals
Quadrilateral altitudes on AC from the AB+BC+CD+AD
vertices D and B respectively.
(ii) product of diagonals
x sin of the angle between
them
(i)Area= base x height
Parallelogram (ii) area= , is the 2(a+b)
a and b be angle between the sides of
the lengths of parallel sides and the parallelogram
h be the height
Rhombus 4a
a=each
equal sides ,
and are the
diagonals
Trapezium a, b are AB+BC+CD+DA
parallel sides
h is the perpendicular distance
between parallel sides
circumference=
Circle
r=radius ,
Semi-circle
r =radius
o centre , r= (i)
Sector of radius l+2r
a circle
l=length of arc AB, = angle
(ii)
of the sector
Regular
6a
hexagon
a= each of the
equal side
8a
Regular
octagon
a= each of the
equal side
Mensuration formulas for 3D -shapes:
Lateral
/Curved Total surface
Name Figure Volume
surface Area
area
Cube
a=side/edge
cuboid lbh
l=length,
b=breadth, h=height
Right
circular
cylinder
r= radius
of base
h=height
Right perimeter lateral surface
triangular area of base x height of base x area+2(area of
prism height base)
Sphere
r=radius
Hemisphere
r=
radius
lateral surface
Pyramid perimeter
base x height area+base area
of base x
slant height
l= slant height
area of base x
Cone
l=slant height=
height,
h =height , r= radius of base
lateral surface
Frustum of area+
a cone