Garima Gupta
MBA-SM
2400398MBS
Answer 1.
Consumption Percentages of Each
Sectors
Sector
Housing 67
Infrastructure 13
Commercial Construction 11
Industrial Construction 9
Answer 2.
Answer 3.
Summary of Projected Cement Consumption in India
The projected consumption of cement in India is expected to continue rising steadily, driven by the
robust demand from key sectors. The housing sector is the largest consumer, responsible for
approximately 67% of total cement demand. This heavy reliance on the housing market highlights
the sector’s critical role in the cement industry. The infrastructure sector follows, accounting for
13% of demand, reflecting India’s significant investments in infrastructure development projects
such as highways, bridges, and public buildings. Commercial construction contributes 11%, and
industrial construction makes up 9%, indicating their importance in sustaining overall demand.
India’s per capita cement consumption is around 192 kg, which is still well below the global
average. This low consumption level suggests significant growth potential, especially as India’s
economy expands, urbanization increases, and more infrastructure projects are initiated.
Inference from the Summary
From this data, we can infer that India's cement industry has strong long-term growth potential.
With infrastructure and housing demands continuing to increase, cement consumption will likely
rise, driving further expansion within the industry. The low per capita consumption compared to the
global average suggests a considerable capacity for growth as the nation continues to develop.
Additionally, this trend emphasizes the need for India to scale its production capacity to meet future
demand effectively, positioning the cement industry as a crucial contributor to the country's
economic and infrastructural development.
Answer 4
Answer 5.
Company Installed capacity
Grasim Industries 25.65
JP Associates 17.5
Madras Cements 13.72
Ultratech Cements 24.3
India cements 14.05
Dalmia Cements 9
Answer 6.
Expense Category Percentage of Operating Expenses (%)
Indirect Taxes 14.9
Excise Duty 14
Cost of Raw Materials and Spares 18.5
Cost of Power and Fuel 25.2
Other Operating Expenses 27.4
Answer 7.
Operating Expenses (Rs
Cement Manufacturer Total Income (Rs crore)
crore)
Ultratech Cements 20,704.40 18,452.90
ACC 11,590.10 10,487.80
Ambuja Cement 9,817.30 8,404.40
Shree Cement 6,168.10 5,397.30
Prism Cement 5,160.80 5,273.30
A clustered bar chart is ideal because:
It allows direct side-by-side comparison of income and expenses for each manufacturer,
highlighting differences.
It makes it easy to see profitability trends. For example, Ultratech Cements has the highest total
income and operating expenses, while Prism Cement shows expenses exceeding income.
The chart is clear and easy to interpret, especially when analyzing financial performance by
category across multiple entities.
This chart provides insights into the cost structure and revenue generation of each company,
allowing stakeholders to assess financial efficiency.
Answer 8.
Quarter Net Sales (Rs crore)
Mar-11 679.7
Jun-11 609.1
Sep-11 517.8
Dec-11 618.2
Mar-12 809.4
Jun-12 737.5
Sep-12 714.9
Dec-12 688.1
A line chart is appropriate because:
- Trend Analysis: It effectively shows the trend in net sales over time, highlighting any rises or
drops in sales across quarters.
- Clear Visibility of Changes: Each data point on the line represents a specific quarter, allowing
stakeholders to pinpoint where sales improved or declined.
- Ease of Interpretation: Line charts are generally straightforward for visualizing temporal data,
helping to track progress or decline over time easily.
Answer 9
India’s cement industry is vital for infrastructure and construction, making it the second-largest
producer and consumer globally. With a production capacity of 366 million tonnes, it plays a key
role in economic growth. However, rising urbanization and demand in housing, infrastructure, and
commercial construction are expected to push consumption near or beyond capacity. Major
companies like Ultratech and ACC are profitable, though some, like Prism Cement, face financial
strain. As per capita cement consumption (currently 192 kg) grows, capacity expansion and
efficiency improvements will be crucial to meet future demand and support India’s development
goals.
________________________________________________________________________________
CASE 2
1. Find the average sales turnover of MRF Limited for the period 2004-2013. Comment on
your answer.
Code and Result:
Comment:
Shows MRF's consistent revenue growth over a decade.
2. Find the average net profit of MRF Limited for the period 2006-2013. Comment on your
answer.
Code and result:
Comment: Reflects MRF's profitability and growth in later years.
3. Find the average book value of MRF Limited for the period 2005-2012. Comment on your
answer.
Code and result:
Comment: Indicates growth in MRF's assets and shareholder equity.
4. Find the average highest price of the share of MRF during the month of June, 2014.
Comment on your answer.
Code and result:
Comment: High average shows strong investor confidence.
5. Find the average closing price of the share of MRF during the month of June, 2014.
Comment on your answer.
Code and result:
Comment: Reflects market stability and sustained interest.
6. Find the average number of trades of the share of MRF during the month of June, 2014.
Comment on your answer.
Code and result:
Comment: Indicates moderate trading activity and investor interest.
7. Find the average quantity of shares of MRF that was traded during the month of June,
2014. Comment on your answer.
Code and result:
Comment: Shows reasonable liquidity and active trading.
________________________________________________________________________________
CASE 3
1. Find the average and the standard deviation of the number of securities traded on each day
during the month of July 2014 in the National Stock Exchange. Comment on your answer.
Code and Results with R:
Results with Excel:
Average: 1606.63636
Standard Deviation:
15.5058989
Comments: The average daily trading was 1606.64 securities with a low standard deviation (15.51),
indicating consistent trading volume throughout July 2014.
2. Find the average and the standard deviation of the number of trades on each day during the
month of July 2014 in the National Stock Exchange. Comment on your answer.
Code and Results with R:
Results with Excel:
Average: 7449342.59
Standard Deviation: 982213.145
Comments: The average daily trades were 7,449,342.59 with a higher standard deviation (982,213.15),
suggesting significant day-to-day variability in trading activity.
3. Find the average and the standard deviation of the traded quantities on each day during the
month of July 2014 in the National Stock Exchange. Comment on your answer.
Code and Results with R:
Results with Excel:
Average: 9799.10864
Standard Deviation: 2014.15166
Comments: The average traded quantity was 9,799.11 with a standard deviation of 2,014.15, showing
moderate fluctuations in daily traded quantity.
4. Find the average and the standard deviation of the traded value on each day during the month
of July 2014 in the National Stock Exchange. Comment on your answer.
Code and Results with R:
Results with Excel:
Average: 17792.1714
Standard Deviation: 3073.96424
Comments: The average traded value was 17,792.17 with a standard deviation of 3,073.96, indicating
variability in the total daily traded value due to fluctuating market prices and volumes.
5. Identify on the basis of appropriate measures if the ‘Number of Trades’ can be parametric data
or not (Normal Curve). Justify your answers
It can be treated as a parametric data.
First, performing descriptive statistic to analyse the data:
The data shows a clear mean (7,449,343) and standard deviation (982,213.1), which suggests that
the data has measurable central tendency and dispersion.
To determine if the "Number of Trades" can be considered parametric data (normally distributed),
the mean and standard deviation alone aren’t sufficient. However, some general observations can be
made:
1. Consistency in Mean and Standard Deviation: The data shows a clear mean (7,449,343)
and standard deviation (982,213.1), which suggests that the data has measurable central
tendency and dispersion.
2. Normality Assumption: To verify if the data is parametric, further tests for normality, such
as the Shapiro-Wilk test or Q-Q plot, would be required. If the data closely follows a normal
distribution, then it can be considered parametric.
3. Justification: Without additional normality tests, we cannot definitively conclude if
"Number of Trades" data is parametric. However, if the data passes normality checks, it
could be analyzed with parametric methods.