st fires is one of the most important tasks in forest disaster prevention and mitigation to protect

forest resources. The forest areas of Jizhou District has a large coverage, where there are a large
number of tourists in addition to permanent residents. As they are located remotely, without
convenient transportation, and most of the areas are less guarded or only guarded by a few people.
especially the spring and autumn last long in Tianjin, the wind is strong and the weather is relatively
dry. Once a fire breaks out, the situation will be difficult to control if not discovered in time.
Conventional monitoring measures like manual patrols and observation towers have disadvantages
like low efficiency, and inaccurate and untimely detection results, which will bring many
unpredictable obstacles to forest fire fighting. For example, the conventional forest fire monitoring
and rescue process information is scattered and disorder, failing to form a system, so it will cause a
lot of troubles for decision-making, and a waste of manpower and material resources. With the IoT
technology, the forest fire monitoring, warning, and rescue processes will be integrated. Through the
introduction of technology, the existing forest fire prevention resources can be integrated to achieve
the platform management, thereby improving the fire monitoring efficiency, and reducing the fire-
fighting costs. The IoT technology can effectively capture and analyze forest fire information, and
SCSET 2020 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1732 (2021) 012004 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1732/1/012004 2 realize the high-efficiency discovery of forest fires through
data collection and mining, with the advantages of accurate positioning as well as flexible and
automatic processing, greatly optimizing the forest fire monitoring process. Based on the IoT
technology, the environmental factors like temperature, humidity, illumination intensity and smoke
concentration of the forest can be tested and tracked using the Zigbee wireless sensor network; the
remote data can be transmitted via GPRS data communication and existing communication
networks, and then the analyzed and processed data can be transferred to the system platform,
achieving timely and accurate acquisition, sharing and feedback of forest fire information. In this
way, the human, property and material resources may be allocated rationally in the whole forest fire
monitoring process, meeting such requirements for the forest disaster prevention and reduction that
“Prevention should come first, to ensure timely detection, accurate locating and automated decision-
making, so that forest fires are the eliminated in the bud. With the new technology proposed in this
paper, the three-dimensional benefits of forest resources will be fully achieved, thus better serving
the people of Tianjin. 2. General Plan of the IoT-based Forest Fire Warning Monitoring System The
IoT-based structure system consists of three main components, i.e. the sensing layer, the information
transmission layer, and the actual application layer. As shown in Fig. 1: The sensing layer mainly
achieves information sensing and acquisition, and it is composed of a sensor, a controller, an
acquisition controller, and an edge gateway, functioning in data acquisition, communication, and
collaborative information processing. In the forest fire prevention system, the main tasks are to
acquire the information about temperature, humidity, illumination intensity, as well as wind speed
and precipitation. The sensing layer mainly adopts RFID technology to realize intelligent management
like forest environmental information labeling and automatic identification. The ZigBee detection
nodes are scattered within the scope of the detection area according to the actual geographical
environment, and they are responsible for the capture of meteorological information data, and
realizing the timely communication between nodes in a collaborative manner based on
interconnection and intercommunication. Besides, this technology also has the advantages of low
transmission rate of information, short transmission distance, low cost, safe and reliable
performance, thereby, satisfying the normal operation requirements of the equipment under the
harsh natural conditions of the forest area. In the forest fire warning system-sensor module of this
project, the 50L gas concentration sensor, HM1350 temperature and humidity sensor; PSWS/WD-
mode wind speed and direction sensor are used to acquire forest environment information; and in
the information processing module, the MSP430 chip is used; and the power module adopts solar
panels to solve power supply problems in remote regions. The information transmission layer
supports that the data information acquired by the sensing layer securely is securely and reliably
transmitted to the background control system, without being obstructed. This project adopts optical
cable transmission and the public communication network of the local mobile operator is selected,
and accessed to the Internet, which can effectively reduce the communication cost, achieve the
timely and reliable transmission of data, and improve the operation efficiency of the project. The
forest areas of Jizhou District are generally located in remote regions, and the power supply at the
detection site is a major bottleneck restricting the operation of equipment. The existing battery
device has a large operating load so its service life is greatly reduced. In this project, a reasonable
access control policy is configured, to limit the time interval for receiving the data from the detection
nodes, so that the detection nodes will be automatically activated when data acquisition is required,
and the device will automatically enters the sleep state once the information acquisition is
completed. In this way, it is ensured that the detection nodes will not send real-time data when there
is responding warning information, and when a fire warning occurs, the system can send an
information query command to a specific node through the integrated management platform, to
acquire all the information of the node in real time. SCSET 2020 Journal of Physics: Conference Series
1732 (2021) 012004 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1732/1/012004 3 Fig.1 Forest IoT
Conceptual Structure The actual application layer is the central system for forest fire prevention. It
can enable the firefighters to arrive at the site quickly and make a rapid judgment to put out the fire
promptly based on the collection acquisition, and the automatic decision-making system’s fire
analysis such as identification of fire severity, classification, analysis and processing. The application
layer is a human-computer interaction interface, the key to realize the sharing and interworking
functions of subsystems, and the basis to realize the functions of the other layers. 3. Composition
and Workflow of the IoT-based Forest Fire Warning System 3.1 Composition The sensor-based forest
fire warning system is an example of application of the IoT technology in forest fire prevention, and it
involves various technologies such as sensing technology, geographic information system and
artificial intelligence. With the all-weather, digital and full-coverage features for protection,
development and utilization of forest resources, it can really achieve the purpose of “early discovery,
and early extinguishment” according to the prevention and control combination principle for forest
fires. This system consists of four components, i. e. the fire detection sensor network, the fire
protection base station, the mobile auxiliary system and the GIS warning platform. The fire detection
sensor network is deployed according to the actual topography, and it can detect the information of
the early-stage fire with the affected area of less than 1m 2 within 100 meters within 10 seconds,
send fire information to the neighboring detectors through wireless communication, and achieve
jump transmission automatically in the network in the "relay" mode, until the fire information
Weather sensor Light sensor Soil sensor Biological sensor Audio and video sensor Satellite sensor
RFID technology QR code Spectral sensor technology Gas sensor Other sensors Application system
Application Platform: Forestry IoT Grid Environment Basic Platform Forestry information perception
Perceptual metadata standard Technical standard Standard Forestry IoT Service Standard Forestry
IOT Safety Control Standard Forestry IoT Search Engine Forestry IoT Portal Ecological engineering
monitoring Protected area monitoring Forest resource monitoring Disaster warning Forest fire
monitoring Forest product circulation tracking Forest seedling growth monitoring Environmental
monitoring Forestry operation Decision support Forestry Perception Resource Management Center
Forestry IoT Service Registration Center Grid environment development deployment tool Forestry
application system template ZigBeeWiFi Bluetooth LAN EtherNet WiMax WLAN WAN GPRS CDMA 3G
Sensing layer Transmission layer Applic ation Layer SCSET 2020 Journal of Physics: Conference Series
1732 (2021) 012004 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1732/1/012004 4 is transmitted to the
fire base station, and then remotely transmitted wirelessly to the GIS warning system by the fire base
station via GPR