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Fossil Fuels and Environmental Impact

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16 views7 pages

Fossil Fuels and Environmental Impact

Uploaded by

mheatherarevalo11
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Learning Module No.

4
Natural Resources Management and
Formation of Fossil Fuels

What is this module about?


One of the best way we can do to prevent or lessen the environmental impact that results from the use,
extraction, and exploitation of mineral resources is to find environment-friendly alternatives for the mineral
resources needed.
Lesson 1: Ways to Prevent or Lessen the Environmental Impact and Use of Mineral Resources
Lesson 2: Formation of Fossil Fuels

What do you need to learn?


At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. cite ways to prevent or lessen the environmental impact that result from the exploitation,
extraction, and use of mineral resource; and S11/12ES-Id-9 (DepEd - MELC)
2. describe how fossil fuels are formed. S11ES-Id-10 (DepEd - MELC)

1
Pre-Test
Directions: Read each question carefully. Encircle the best answer. The successive questions will assess your
prior knowledge about the topic.

1. Which is NOT an example of fossil fuel?


a. Natural gas c. Biomass
b. Petroleum d. Coal
2. Which of the following refers to a name of a dull black coal with 70% carbon?
a. Bituminous c. Lignite
b. Anthracite d. Peat
3. Which among the types of gases increases when fossil fuel is burned?
a. Hydrogen c. Oxygen
b. Nitrogen d. Carbon
4. Which of these could increase average global temperatures?
a. Increased used of fossil fuels
b. Increased ocean algal blooms
c. Decreased carbon dioxide emissions
d. Increased numbers of animal species
5. Which of the following are energy resources that are NOT easily replenished by the environment?
a. Non-renewable c. Renewable
b. Chemical d. Eolic
6. Which of the following is the correct sequence of coal production?
a. Bituminous – Lignite – Peat – Anthracite
b. Anthracite – Peat – Bituminous – Lignite
c. Peat – Lignite – Bituminous – Anthracite
d. Lignite - Peat – Bituminous – Anthracite
7. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that has been produced for over a million of years. Which process is involved for
the production petroleum?
a. Petroleum is produced from decaying animals like algae and planktons.
b. Petroleum is produced from herbs, trees, leaves and stem.
c. Petroleum is produced from decaying animals, moderate heat, pressure and time.
d. Petroleum is produced instantly.
8. Which of the following is formed from the remains of plants that once grew in swamps and adjacent forests
millions of years ago?
a. Coal c. Natural Gas
b. Energy d. Petroleum
9. Which of the following is a form or energy that can be generated from almost any energy source?
a. Electricity c. Natural Gas
b. Fossil Fuels d. Petroleum
10. Which of the following produces the greatest amount of energy when burned?
a. Anthracite
b. Bituminous
c. Lignite
d. Peat

Refer to the Answer Key on the last page of this module to check your answers.

2
DAY 1
Activity Title: Earth: Helping Mother Earth
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to cite ways to prevent or lessen the
environmental impact that result from the exploitation, extraction, and use of mineral resource.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will become responsible stewards of God’s creation.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Exploring life through Science: Earth Science by Olivar, Rodolfo, and Cabria
Page(s): 48

I. CONCEPT NOTES
The extraction of minerals from nature often creates imbalances, which adversely affect the
environment. The key environmental impacts of mining are on wildlife and fishery habitats, the water
balance, local climates and the pattern of rainfall, sedimentation, the depletion of forests and the disruption
of ecology.
Ways of mining industry to reduce environmental impact and make its practices more sustainable
1. Lower-impact mining techniques
2. Reusing mining waste
3. Eco-friendly equipment
4. Rehabilitating mining sites
5. Shutting down illegal mining
6. Improving mining sustainability
Conservation – It means saving resources. To save natural resources, follow the three R’s of waste
management: reduce, reuse, and recycle. Protection and rehabilitation of ecosystem are also important in
mitigating harmful effects of mineral resource extraction.
Natural Resource Management (NRM)- It is another way of minimizing the impacts of mineral
extraction. It also refers to the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals,
with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of both present and future generations.
( For detailed explanation, refer to your book Exploring life through Science: Earth Science by
Olivar, Rodolfo, and Cabria and Teacher made on page 48.)
s
II. EXERCISE
Directions: Read and answer the question concisely.
1. How can we reduce the environmental impact of mining? Explain your answer.

DAY 3
Activity Title: From Nothing to Working
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to describe how fossil fuels are formed.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will become responsible stewards of God’s creation.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Exploring life through Science: Earth Science by Olivar, Rodolfo, and Cabria
Page(s): 57-58

[Link] NOTES
ENERGY RESOURCES

3
Energy is the capacity to do work while Resource is the general term referring to any item which is used
for specific purpose. Resources can be:
• Renewable – It can be replenished or regenerated on a human time scale.
• Nonrenewable – It cannot be replenished or regenerated on a human time scale.
• Fossil Fuels – These are made from decomposing plants and animals. Presently, it is the world’s
primary energy source.
FOSSIL FUELS FORM. After millions of years underground, the compounds that make up plankton
and plants turn into fossil fuels. Plankton decomposes into natural gas and oil, while plants become
coal. Today, humans extract these resources through coal mining and the drilling of oil and gas wells on
land and offshore.
Types of Fossil Fuels
1. Coal – It is a black combustible rock made up of elemental carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
varying amount of sulfur.
• It is formed from the remains of plants that once grew in swamps and adjacent forest millions
of years ago with pressure and heat.
• The correct sequence of coal formation is as follows:
Peat > Lignite > Bituminous > Anthracite.
2. Petroleum – It is a naturally occurring liquid composed of complex hydrocarbons found in the geological
formation underneath earth’s surface.
• It is formed from large quantities of microscopic aquatic organism such as algae and
planktons with pressure.
3. Natural Gas – It is a hydrocarbon mostly made up of methane. This gas is lighter than air and highly
flammable.
• It is formed with the same process with oil but with more pressure and heat.

(For detailed explanation, refer to your book Exploring life through Science: Earth Science by Olivar,
Rodolfo, and Cabria on pages 57-58.)

II. EXERCISE
Directions: Classify each of the following items as RENEWABLE (if it has the capacity to regenerate)
and NONRENEWABLE (if it has no capacity to regenerate).
1. Decaying animals 6. Coal
2. Water dropping in the faucet 7. Hydrothermal Energy
3. Heat released from sauna house 8. Oil
4. Chargeable battery 9. Natural Gas
5. Hot spring temperature 10. Flow of Water

4
DAY 4
Activity No. 2: From Nothing to Working
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to describe how fossil fuels are formed.
Time started: ________
Time finished: ________
Directions: Lists some of the advantges and disadvantages of fossil fuels.
PROS CONS

DAY 5
Activity Title: From Nothing to Working
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to describe how fossil fuels are formed
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will become responsible stewards of God’s creation.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Exploring life through Science: Earth Science by Olivar, Rodolfo, and Cabria
Page(s): 60-61

I. CONCEPT NOTES:
Fossil Fuels and the Carbon Cycle
• Deposits of fossil fuels are carbon storage areas.
• Carbon that is locked in the fossil fuels does not cycle through Earth. However, when fossil fuels
are burned, the stored carbon is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. It is then free to
cycle through earth and affects the natural balance of the carbon, as well as the processes associated
with it.
Negative effects of Carbon Dioxide on the environment
1. Increasing global temperature
2. They can cause climate change.
3. They contribute to respiratory disease.
4. Extreme weather, food supply disruptions, and increasing occurences of wildfires are other
effects of climate changed caused by greenhouse gases.
( For detailed explanation, refer to your book Exploring life through Science: Earth Science by
Olivar, Rodolfo, and Cabria on pages 60-61.)
II. ILLUSTRATION:

5
Post-Test

A. Directions: Read and answer the following questions concisely.

[Link] different pictures show the extraction of minerals that can help our community to prevent the
environmental impact of mining. What are some ways to minimize the effects of mineral extraction?
2. How Natural Resources Management help in minimizing the impacts of mineral extraction?

B. Directions: Identify the following information associated to the formation of fossil fuel. Choose your
answer from the given choices. Write your answer on the space provided before each number.
A. Oil/Petroleum B. Coal C. Natural Gas
________________1. It is a naturally occurring liquid composed of complex hydrocarbons found in
earth’s surface.
________________2. Methane is a type of gas that has simple chemical compound composed of carbon
and hydrogen atoms.
________________3. It is a type of fossil fuel found on large quantities of microscopic aquatic
organism such as algae and planktons.
________________4. It is a type of fossil fuel found on decaying plants and shrubs.
________________5. It is a black combustible rock made of CO2, H, O2, N and S.
________________6. It is a type of fossil fuel that exists with combined material of decaying animal,
6
pressure, heat, and time.
________________7. It is a layer of rock with specific depth, pressure, and temperature range known as
oil window.
________________8. It is a type of fossil fuel that is buried under oxygen-poor or anoxic conditions.
________________9. This fossil fuel is trapped in impermeable layer of rocks to prevent migration.
________________10. It is a variety of rock that was deposited back to carboniferous era

Answer Key
Pre-test
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A

Congratulations for finishing


this module! Always take care
and God bless you.

No part of this publication maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, without the prior written permission of the author.

Common questions

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Fossil fuels act as carbon storage areas where carbon is locked until the fuels are burned, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This release significantly disrupts the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric CO2 levels, which contribute to global warming, climate change, and its associated impacts such as extreme weather and food supply disruptions .

Human activities such as fossil fuel extraction and burning release large amounts of stored carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. This disrupts the balance of the global carbon cycle by significantly increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, contributing to greenhouse effects, global warming, and climate changes like sea level rise and altered weather patterns .

The sequence Peat > Lignite > Bituminous > Anthracite reflects the gradual transformation process of raw plant material into coal under increasing heat and pressure. Each stage corresponds to an increase in carbon concentration and a decrease in moisture content, resulting in higher energy efficiency. Understanding this sequence is crucial for determining the energy potential and environmental impact of each coal type .

Decomposing plankton, along with algae, form the organic material that, under the right conditions of heat and pressure over millions of years, transforms into petroleum. This process requires an anoxic environment to prevent total decomposition, coupled with sedimentation that applies pressure and heat, leading to the eventual formation of liquid hydrocarbons .

Advantages of fossil fuels include their high energy density and established infrastructure, which contribute to economic growth and energy reliability. However, disadvantages include significant environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource depletion, leading to climate change and ecological damage, thereby imposing long-term economic and environmental costs .

The three R's effectively minimize environmental impacts by reducing demand for new extractions, lessening pollution and preserving energy. Reuse and recycling ensure materials are conserved and pollutants from new mining are minimized. Consequently, these practices support biodiversity conservation and reduce the ecological footprint of mining operations .

Pressure and heat are critical in transforming organic material into fossil fuels. For coal, plant matter is buried and subjected to heat and pressure, transforming it through stages until it becomes anthracite. For petroleum, marine organisms like plankton are buried under ocean sediments, where increased pressure and temperature convert them into hydrocarbons. Natural gas forms similarly, requiring even higher temperatures and pressures .

The sulfur in coal, when burned, is released as sulfur dioxide, a pollutant that contributes to acid rain and respiratory problems. This complicates coal's use as an energy source due to environmental regulations and health concerns, necessitating additional technologies to remove sulfur before combustion or to treat emissions .

Natural resource management involves managing resources like land, water, and biodiversity in a way that maintains ecological health and resource availability for future generations. By implementing sustainable practices, NRM can mitigate habitat destruction, preserve water quality, and ensure that resource depletion does not hinder future use, creating a balance between current needs and future sustainability .

To minimize the environmental impact of mining, methods such as lower-impact mining techniques, reusing mining waste, using eco-friendly equipment, rehabilitating mining sites, shutting down illegal mining operations, and improving mining sustainability are crucial. These practices are important because they reduce habitat destruction, prevent pollution, conserve biodiversity, and ensure that mineral extraction does not compromise ecological balance .

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