Dr. Juan A.

Pastor Integrated National

High School
Senior High School Department

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of the related literature and

studies which helped the researchers to better understand the nature of

the problem under investigation.

Conceptual Literature

This section discusses the different concepts involved in this study.

The information in this section are significant for a more in-depth

understanding of the study.

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National
High School
Senior High School Department
Related Studies

The following are past researches that focus on reading culture.

These were reviewed in this study to determine the variables or contexts

that have not yet been studied in the past. The information from these

studies are deemed significant in the further development of the present

study.

According to the study by Tomas et al. (2021) entitled The

Perceived Challenges in Reading of Learners: Basis for School Reading

Programs, the objectives were to investigate the English and Filipino

reading profile of learners, challenges, difficulties and lessons, the schools’

agenda and initiatives for the enrichment of reading programs to eliminate

these reading challenges and difficulties; and stakeholders’ support and

commitment. The study utilized mixed methods and gathered data from

Grade 1 to Grade 7 students. The data collection was carried out using the

survey and interview. The results showed that majority of the learners

were at the frustration level. Also, the perceived causes, origins and

attendant variables of the students’ reading level were non-mastery of the

elements of reading, presence of learners-at-risk, and no culture of

reading.

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National
High School
Senior High School Department

Synthesis

This section synthesizes the key findings from the literature review,

identifying prevailing trends, gaps, and future research directions in the

field.

The study by Akoto et al. (2023) is similar to the current study as

both explore the factors affecting reading among senior high school

students. However, they differ because the previous study focused on

reading difficulties and how they affect academic performance, whereas

the present study concentrates on developing a reading culture. Moreover,

they are distinct in their research methods, as the past study employed

quantitative methods using a questionnaire, while the present study will

utilize a mixed methods approach combining surveys and interviews.

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National
High School
Senior High School Department
The study by Bamigbola and Akoko (2022) is similar to the present

study since both explore how environmental factors affect reading habits

among students. However, they differ because the past study focused on

the home environment, parental background, and school location in

influencing reading literacy among Junior Secondary students, while the

present study concentrates on factors contributing to the development of

a reading culture among senior high school learners. Additionally, the

research methods differ, as the past study used quantitative methods and

self-developed questionnaire for data collection, while the present study

will use a mixed methods approach involving both surveys and interviews.

The study by Ternenge et al. (2022) is similar to the present study

because both examine the promotion of reading culture among students.

However, they differ because the past study focused on the role of school

libraries in promoting a reading culture for self-development and

knowledge enhancement, while the present study will investigate various

factors contributing to the development of a reading culture among senior

high school learners. In addition, the research methods differ, as the past

study used quantitative methods with a structured questionnaire to collect

data from students and teacher librarians, while the present study will use

a mixed methods approach involving both surveys and interviews to

gather data from senior high school learners.

The study by Tomas et al. (2021) is similar to the present study as

both focus on the development of reading culture and use a mixed

methods approach, involving both surveys and interviews for data

collection. However, they differ in their respondents, as the past study

examined reading challenges across a broader range of grade levels

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National
High School
Senior High School Department
including grade 1 to grade 7 students, while the current study will focus

specifically on the factors influencing the development of reading culture

among senior high school learners.

The study by Otieno and Hesbon (2021) is similar to the present

study since both focus on the development of reading culture among

students and employ a mixed methods approach. However, they differ

since the past study specifically investigates the relationship between

parental involvement and reading culture among secondary school

students, while the present study will examine the factors influencing

reading culture among senior high school learners. Additionally, the

respondents in the past study were teachers, parents, and students, while

the present study will be senior high school learners only.

The study by Vuong et al. (2021) is similar to the present study

because both focus on the development of reading culture among

students and use a mixed methods approach. However, they differ since

the past study specifically examined the impact of parental involvement

and various reading promotion activities on students' reading attitudes,

with a focus on gender differences and the effectiveness of different

activities, while the present study focus on factors influencing reading

culture among senior high school learners. Additionally, while the past

study involved secondary students, the present study will focus on senior

high school learners.

The study by Ahmad et al. (2021) is similar to the present study as

both focus on the development of reading culture among students. They

also both aim to identify factors that influence reading behaviors.

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National
High School
Senior High School Department
However, they differ as the past study specifically examined the role of

parents and school practices, while the present study focus at senior high

school learners. Moreover, while the past study used a quantitative

methods targeting parents, the present study will use a mixed methods

approach involving senior high school learners.

The various aspects of the reading culture of students have been

the subject of recent studies, with an emphasis on factors such as parental

involvement, environmental influences, and the role of educational

institutions. Akoto et al. (2023) explored the impact of reading difficulties

on academic performance among senior high school students, finding that

reading difficulties significantly hinder academic achievement and

emphasized the need for targeted interventions to address these

challenges, though their study used quantitative methods. Bamigbola and

Akoko (2022) focused on environmental factors, including home

background and school location, affecting reading habits, finding that a

supportive home environment, parental background, and the location of

the school played significant roles in shaping reading behaviors of the

students, but their study targeted Junior Secondary students using

quantitative methods. Ternenge et al. (2022) investigated the role of

school libraries in promoting reading culture, which aligns with the aim of

the present study to develop a reading culture, finding that access to

diverse reading materials and library services played a crucial role in

promoting a reading culture, though their study used quantitative

methods. Tomas et al. (2021) also used mixed methods to explore reading

challenges, but their study examined younger students from grade 1 to

grade 7, finding that a lack of reading materials, insufficient parental

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National
High School
Senior High School Department
involvement, and limited school resources were significant challenges

faced by younger students in developing strong reading habits. Otieno and

Hesbon (2021) focused on the influence of parental involvement in

promoting reading culture, finding that active parental involvement, such

as reading together with children and monitoring reading habits, positively

impacted students' reading behaviors using mixed methods, but their

research concerned secondary school students. Vuong et al. (2021)

examined the impact of parental involvement and reading promotion

activities on the reading attitudes of the students using mixed methods,

highlighting that activities such as storytelling contests and book

exhibitions had a positive effect on students' attitudes toward reading, but

their research focused on secondary school students. Ahmad et al. (2021)

investigated the role of parents and school practices in promoting reading

habits but focused on middle school students using quantitative methods,

emphasizing the importance of parental involvement and school-level

practices in encouraging reading,

Although these studies offer valuable insights, there is a notable

gap in fully understanding the factors that influence reading culture

among senior high school learners. Many studies focused on younger

students or emphasized parental involvement and school libraries,

overlooking the context of senior high school learners. Moreover, the

mixed-methods approach combining both surveys and interviews is not

fully utilized in these studies. Additionally, the interaction between

environmental, psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors that

contribute to the development of a reading culture among senior high

school learners is underexplored. Addressing these gaps would provide a

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National
High School
Senior High School Department
more comprehensive understanding of how these factors influence

reading culture and lead to more specific strategies for senior high school

learners.

References

Ahmad, Z., Tariq, M., Iqbal, Q., & Sial, T. A. (2021). Exploring the factors

affecting the development of reading habits among children.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 6307, 1-22.

[Link]

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National
High School
Senior High School Department
Akoto, R., Umu, A., Goku, P.A., & Neequaye, P.N. (2023). Investigating

reading difficulties among senior high schools in Cape Coast: a case

of three schools. 10.13140/RG.2.2.10638.95040

Bamigbola, E.O., & Akoko, A. (2022). Some environmental factors that

affect reading literacy in Southwestern Nigerian Junior Secondary

Schools. Journal of English and Communication in Africa, 5(3&4).

[Link]

Environmental-Factors-that-Affect-Reading-Literacy-in-

[Link]

Otieno, O. D., & Hesbon, A. (2021). Parental involvement and reading

culture among secondary school students case of international

schools. European Journal of Education

Studies, 8(6). [Link]

Ternenge, T.F., Thomas, Y.A., & Terhemen, J.R., (2022). Influence of school

libraries on promotion of reading culture for self- development

and knowledge enhancement among students in selected

secondary schools in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 7220.

[Link]

Tomas, M. J. L., Villaros, E. T., & Galman, S. M. A. (2021). The perceived

challenges in reading of learners: basis for school reading

programs. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 09(05), 107–

122. [Link]

Vuong, Q., La, V., Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, M., Vuong, T., Vuong, H., & Ho,

M. (2021). Impacts of parents and reading promotion on creating

a reading culture: Evidence from a developing context. Children

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National
High School
Senior High School Department
and Youth Services

Review, 131. [Link]

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners