Dr. Juan A.

Pastor Integrated National 1

High School
Senior High School Department

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A

READING CULTURE AMONG SENIOR HIGH S
CHOOL LEARNERS

A Research Proposal Submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and

Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand in Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated

National High School

Practical Research 2

By:

De Leon, Kate Cameron L.

Araño, Justin Kurt R.
Caiga, Sheila Mae C.
De Leon, Mery Jane B.
Endaya, Ma. Criszel Joy T.
Rustique, Steven Carl Wayne R.
Torino, Mhabel M.

December 2024

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 2
High School
Senior High School Department

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the problem and its background. This section

includes the introduction, statement of the problem, research framework,

scope and limitation, significance of the study, and definition of relevant

terms.

Introduction

As the core of the curriculum, reading is essential for a child's

overall well-being and success in social, academic, and personal spheres.

A reading culture, however, is not merely about the ability to decode

words; rather, it involves promoting a genuine love for reading and

developing critical thinking skills. A strong reading culture is vital for

enhancing education in classrooms, as it encourages students to view

reading as a valuable tool for learning and understanding the world

around them. Additionally, it enables students to broaden their

perspectives by learning about current events and diverse viewpoints,

thereby helping them become more engaged citizens and critical thinkers.

Building a strong reading culture promotes reading as a way of enh

ancing education in classrooms (Hawthorne, 2021). It encourages them to

see reading as a valuable tool for learning and understanding the world

around them. Another importance of having a strong reading culture is

enabling students to broaden their mental perspective, wherein they will

be able to learn about current events in the world (EduGrant, 2022). This,

in turn, helps them become more engaged citizens and critical thinkers.

However, despite the clear benefits of a strong reading culture, many

learners struggle to engage with reading, leading to concerns about their

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 3
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Senior High School Department
literacy development and overall academic performance. These

challenges are particularly evident among senior high school learners,

highlighting the need to examine the factors contributing to the slow

development of a reading culture in this age group.

The lack of reading culture among senior high school learners is

currently a growing concern. Despite government efforts to improve

literacy rates in the country, recent studies have shown that many

students need help with reading comprehension, vocabulary development,

and critical thinking skills. According to the result of the recent Programme

for International Student Assessment test, Filipino students' performance

placed the Philippines in the same score range as three other countries on

the bottom (Chi, 2024). This trend not only impacts academic performance

but also weakens critical thinking and comprehension which are essential

for success in education and the future. This just emphasizes the need to

build a stronger reading culture to support student success.

Numerous studies reveal several factors that contribute to the slow

development of reading culture. According to the study by Iqbal et al.

(2021), excessive screen time from devices such as mobile phones, TVs,

and electronic games are the major problems for parents in promoting

reading habits among children. This factor might be contributing to a

decrease in children's interest in reading and reducing the time they

spend with books. Additionally, in the study by Akoto et al. (2023),

insufficient reading and instructional materials, inappropriate teaching

methods, and parents' inability to provide reading resources were

identified as key factors contributing to students' reading difficulties. This

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
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shows various aspects of issue where both school and home environments

play crucial roles in reading development of students.

Despite the existing research on factors like teacher support and

access to books, there is still a lack of focus on the specific needs of senior

high school students. Most research on reading culture focuses on

students in general or on college students, leaving out senior high school

learners. Additionally, there is little exploration of how peers and school

programs affect reading habits in this age group. This gap suggests a lack

of understanding regarding how to promote a reading culture among

senior high school students. Focusing on their experiences can ultimately

address this gap effectively.

Based on the information provided, this study aims to identify the

environmental, psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors contributing

to the development of a reading culture among senior high school

learners. Conducting this study is essential to fill the existing gap and

develop effective strategies for the development of reading culture. It will

examine how the availability of reading materials impacts students'

attitudes and reading behaviors. Additionally, the study will explore the

role of social influences on their reading habits. The findings will provide

valuable insights for educators and policymakers to enhance reading

comprehension skills of learners. Eventually, this study seeks to

encourage a lifelong love of reading among senior high school learners.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, the study aims to determine the factors contributing to

the development of a reading culture among senior high school learners.

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

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 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 5
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1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of

1.1. age;

1.2. sex;

1.3. strand; and

1.4. grade level?

2. What are the factors contributing to the development of a reading

culture among senior high school learners in terms of

2.1. environmental factors;

2.2. psychological factors;

2.3. behavioral factors; and

2.4. cultural factors?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the factors contributing to

the development of a reading among senior high school learners and their

profiles?

4. What project may be proposed based on the findings?

Research Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the factors contributing

to the development of a reading culture among the respondents their

profiles.

Research Framework

Figure 1 shows the relationship between the dependent and

independent variables of the study to provide a rationale for the research.

This consists of input, process, and output (IPO), which helps the readers

to visualize the development of the research.

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

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 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 6
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The first box is the input which contains the profile of the

respondents in terms of age, sex, strand, and grade level and the factors

contributing to the development of a reading culture among the

respondents in terms of environmental factors, psychological factors,

behavioral factors, and cultural factors.

The second box is the process that refers to the research design

and data gathering methods. The study will use the survey and interview

methods and the questionnaire and interview guide as the research

instruments. Appropriate
Profile of the statistical treatment, analysis, and interpretation
Descriptive-
Respondents
will be Correlational
used upon collection of data.
Age Research Design
Sex
The last box is the output which contains the project that were
Strand Mixed Methods
Grade Level
proposed based on the findings.
Survey and
Input
Factors Interview
Process Output
Contributing to
Questionnaire PROPOSED
the and Interview
Development of PROJECT
Guide
a Reading
Culture Statistical
Environmental Treatment
Factors
Thematic
Psychological Analysis
Factors
Behavioral Data Analysis
Factors and
Cultural Factors Interpretation

Figure 1. Research Framework

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 7
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Scope and Limitation

This study will focus on the factors contributing to the development

of a reading culture among senior high school learners. The study will

include the profile of the respondents in terms age, sex, strand, and grade

level. This will also include the factors contributing to the development of

a reading culture among the respondents in terms of environmental

factors, psychological factors, behavioral factors, and cultural factors.

In addition, the study aims to determine if there is a significant

relationship between the factors contributing to the development of a

reading culture among the respondents and their profile variables. Lastly,

this study seeks to proposed a project based on the findings.

The study will utilize the descriptive-correlational research design in

data gathering, analysis, and interpretation. Specifically, the study will use

the survey and interview for collecting data. This study will involve senior

high school learners from an integrated public school in Ibaan, Batangas

and will be conducted from August 2024 to March 2025.

In conducting this study, several practical constraints will be

encountered, including limited time, funding, and access to equipment,

which may impact the depth and breadth of the research.

Methodologically, the study will face limitations in its design and data

collection methods, such as potential biases in survey responses.

Additionally, the sample size will be relatively small and may not be fully

representative of the broader population, which could affect the

generalizability of the findings. Ethical considerations will also play a

crucial role, ensuring that all research activities adhere to ethical

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

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 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 8
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guidelines, particularly in terms of consent and the confidentiality of

participant information.

Significance of the Study

This study was conducted based on the concept of social

responsibility. The goal is to be able to contribute to the chosen field of

study.

Specifically, this study will be beneficial to the following:

Students. This study will help students by providing a deeper

understanding of the factors that influence reading habits among senior

high school learners. This research can be applied in real-life situation by

informing the development of targeted interventions to promote reading

culture in schools and communities. Eventually, this research aims to

empower senior high school learners to become life long readers and

active participant in their communities.

Advisers. This study can help advisers to implement targeted

strategies that promote a reading culture among students, enhancing

their engagement with literature. It provides insights into the factors that

influence reading habits, allowing advisers to tailor their support to better

meet student needs. Additionally, the findings can empower advisers to

advocate for resources that foster a more literate and supportive school

environment.

Teachers. This study can help teachers to support them when

teaching slow readers. It can also assist teachers in helping children learn

more quickly, making their role easier. The information from this study can

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 9
High School
Senior High School Department
help teachers understand the factors affecting reading. Thus, they can

help support students through target interventions.

School Administration. This study will help school administrations

by providing a thorough understanding of the factors that influence

reading culture among senior high school learners. The insights gained

regarding students' needs will be valuable in identifying the determinants

of their reading habits. Eventually, this information may help school

administrations develop effective programs and policies.

Policy Makers. This study will provide policymakers with valuable

insights of the factors that influence reading culture among senior high

school learners. These insights will play a crucial role in informing and

shaping effective educational policies that address the diverse needs of

learners. Eventually, this study seeks to contribute to the development of

targeted strategies that can improve literacy outcomes across all

demographics.

Local Government Unit (LGU). This study will help the LGU as this

will provide information about the factors contributing to the development

of a reading culture. The results of this study may help to identify students

who lack reading materials. Thus, this can help schools and Local

Government Units (LGU), in identifying and addressing the reading needs

of students and create programs that revolve around the promotion of

reading.

Future Researchers. This study will benefit future researchers as

this may be used as a reference for related studies.

Definition of Terms

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

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 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 10
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For a better understanding of the terms used in this study, these

are defined conceptually and operationally:

Age. This term refers to the difference between the year

considered and the year of birth of the individual (Age, 2022).

Behavioral Factors. This term refers to any factor that exerts an

influence on the decision-making process that results in human action

(Behavioral Factors, 2024).

Cultural Factors. This term refers to the social and environmental

influences that shape on individual's beliefs, values, behaviors, and

attitudes within a specific cultural context (Cultural Factors, 2024).

Development. This term refers to the process of growth, or

changing from one condition to another (Development, 2023).

Environmental Factors. This term refers to the external

influences that can affect an individual's health and well-being

(Environmental Factors, 2024).

Factors. This term refers to the fact or situation that influences the

result of something (Factors, 2024).

Psychological Factors. This term refers to elements of the

personality that limit or enhance the ways that people think (Valenzuela &

Quist, 2023).

Reading Culture. This term refers to the environment where

reading is championed, valued, respected, and encouraged (Hawthorne,

2017).

Sex. This term refers to the physical difference between people who

are male, female or intersex (Newman, 2023).

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

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 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 11
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Strand. This term refers to the series of clearly defined courses

focused on specific academic topics (Strand, 2024).

References

age. (2022). In Insee.

[Link]

Ahmad, Z., Tariq, M., Iqbal, Q., & Sial, T. A. (2021). Exploring the factors

affecting the development of reading habits among children.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 6307, 1-22.

[Link]

Akoto, R., Umu, A., Goku, P.A., & Nesquave, P.N. (2023). Investigating

reading difficulties among senior high schools in Cape Coast: a

case of three schools. [Link]

10638.95040

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 12
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behavioral factors. (2024). In Low Insider.

[Link]

Chi, C. (2024). Philippine ranks at the bottom of new PISA test on creative

thinking. Philstar.

[Link]

ppines-ranks-bottom-new-pisa-test-creative-thinking

cultural factors. (2024). In Fiveable.

[Link] psych/cultural-factors

development. (2023). National Geographic Society.

[Link]

environmental factors. (2024). Tutor2u.

[Link]

factors. (2024). In Cambridge Dictionary. https://

[Link]/us/ dictionary/english/factors

Hawthorne, H. (2021). How to promote a reading culture in schools. High

Speed Training. [Link]

promote-a-reading-culture-in-schools/

Newman. T. (2023). Sex and gender: what is the difference. Medical News

Today. https:// [Link] news today. com articles/232343

Strand (2024). In Morningside-edu.

[Link]

n-walker-shcool-of-education/strands/The importance of an

effective reading culture on students (2022). Edu Grant.

[Link]

effective-reading-culture-on-students/

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

Senior High School Learners
 Dr. Juan A. Pastor Integrated National 13
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Valenzuela. A. & Quist M. (2023). Psysiological vs. psychological factors

overview & examples. [Link].

[Link]

[Link]

Factors Contributing to the Development of a Reading Culture Among

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