1. What is Playwright?
Playwright is an open-source testing tool, which supports functional, API, and
component testing. The playwright is managed by Microsoft.
2. What is the difference between Selenium and
Playwright?
The playwright is ready to use a Selenium Provides API/Libraries
framework one can install and you need to build the
start using. framework
Playwright shipped with in-built Selenium doesn't provide any
assertion libraries assertions, we need to
integrate using JUnit or TestNG
The playwright uses the Selenium uses the Webdriver
WebSocket connection to API/HTTP to communicate with
communicate with the browser the browser
The playwright is faster Selenium comparatively slower
compared to Selenium
The playwright doesn't support Selenium supports Safari
the safari stock browser rather it
uses the open-source, Webkit
browser to test safari
Playwright officially supports Selenium officially supports
Java, Python, .NET C#, Java, Python, C#, Ruby, Perl,
TypeScript, and JavaScript. PHP, and JavaScript
[Link] are the advantages of a Playwright?
Compared to any other framework Playwright has a lot of advantages, as it is a
modern solution it's built on top of the limitation of another framework
The playwright is easy to install and learn
Playwright supports Java, Python, .NET C#, TypeScript, and
JavaScript.
It supports both API and end-to-end testing
Playwright supports Chromium-based browsers, Firefox,
Safari(Webkit)
As Playwright doesn't use the webdriver API the execution is
comparatively faster
Playwright automatically waits before making any actions where a
user doesn't have to provide implicit or explicit waits
Playwright allows Network traffic control. Mocks etc.
Edge case scenarios like File upload and download can be handled
easily in playwright
4. Name some disadvantages of Playwright.
Playwright doesn't support Mobile automation (They might introduce it in the
future)
Playwright doesn't support legacy IE Automation
Playwright doesn’t support Safari stock browser
Some of the build tools like Teamcity is not directly support
Some of the features like Ordering, Priority, and Dependancy tests which are
available in TestNG are not available in Playwright yet.
5. What are the different testing types the
Playwright supports?
Playwright supports functional testing, API testing, and Component level
testing.
6. What are the programming languages that the
playwright supports
Playwright supports Java, Python, .NET C#, TypeScript, and JavaScript.
However, the Typescript/Javascript version of Playwright is more stable and
most used.
7. Briefly describe the commands that are used for
Playwright installation and Execution of tests
As Playwright supports many programming languages each programming
language follows its own installation process.
In this context we are using the Playwright and Javascript we need to use the
following commands
Before installation, we need to ensure that NodeJS binaries are installed in our
machine and then we can use
npm init playwright@latest
The above command will install the required packages and configurations.
Once done we are ready to write the test cases.
npx playwright test
The command is used for executing playwright tests. By default, the playwright
executes all the tests that are available for the project.
8. What is a Configuration File in Playwright explain?
As the name indicates the configuration file is the place where we
configure the execution behavior of the playwright. The
configuration file is typically named [Link](/js).
Using the configuration file we can configure headless mode,
fullscreen, screenshot options, baseURL, browser options, etc.
9. What is @playwright/test package in Playwright?
The Playwright can be used with different test runners such as Mocha, Jasmine,
Jest, etc. Similar way playwright has its own test runner called the playwright
test. The playwright test is the default test runner for the playwright.
10. What is Page class in Playwright?
The Page class in playwright is the main class, which provides the methods to
interact with the browser. It also provides a set of event handlers that helps to
execute a set of actions as soon as the event triggers.
11. How to navigate to specific URLs in Playwright
explain with sample tests
const { test, expect } = require("@playwright/test");
[Link]("navigation", () => {
test("navigation", async ({ page }) => {
await [Link]("[Link]
});
});
The [Link]() is used for navigating to a specific URL.
The [Link]() hook is used for grouping the set of tests
The test() contains actual tests with playwright commands.
12. What are the different types of reporters that
the playwright supports?
The playwright supports different types of reports
Dot reporter
Line reporter
HTML reporter
JSON reporter
JUnit reporter
Custom reporter
In addition to the above playwright also supports allure reporters using third-
party plugins.
13. What are the locators in the Playwright list of
any five
Locators help to find the elements on the page uniquely at any point in time.
The page class provides the locator function.
[Link]() : Find the element that matches the given text
[Link](): Find the element that matches the role attribute
[Link](): Find the element that matches the label
[Link](): Find the element that matches the data-testid
attribute
[Link](): Find the element that matches the title attribute
[Link](<css> or <xpath>): Find the element by using the CSS
or XPath
14. What are the different types of text selectors
available in Playwright?
Text-based locators in Playwright are a unique feature, that helps to locate the
element which is having specific text
locator.(<some_text) : Matches the element that has passed text
Ex: await [Link]('text=Home menu')
:text-is(): this can be used inside the CSS selector, which will perform the
exact match before finding the elements
Ex: await [Link]('#nav-bar :text-is("Home")')
:has-text(): This is another pseudo-class, which matches the element which
contains the passed text.
Example: await [Link](':has-text("Playwright")')
15. How to use assertions in Playwright? List any 5
Playwright Test uses the jest expect library for assertions.
The Playwright supports soft and hard assertions both.
There are many assertions which expect library provides some of them are
expect(value1).toBe(value2): This helps to compare two values. Like equals
of two strings etc.
expect(<Boolean_value1).toBeTruthy(): Assert two boolean values to be
true.
expect(locator).toBeVisible(): Ensured specified locator is Visible on DOM
expect(locator).toContainText(expected_text): Ensures the specific DOM
element contains the given text
expect(locator).toHaveClass(expected_class): Ensures the locator has
specified css class
expect(locator).toHaveCount(count): Ensures the given locator count in
dom should be equal to "count"
expect(page).toHaveTitle(title): Verifies the page title is the same as
expected
16. What are soft assertions in Playwright?
By default when the assertions fail the test terminates, but if we use the soft
assertions do not terminate the execution, but the test will be marked as failed
at the end.
The Playwright provides a command
[Link]() for soft assertions
Example:
[Link]([Link]('#title').toHaveText('Udemy')
17. How to negate the Matchers/Assertions in
Playwright? Or How can I verify not conditions in
Playwright?
The Negation matchers are most commonly used in Playwright.
The .not can be used in Playwright to Negate the assertions
For example, if we have to verify the a should not equal 10 then we can use
expect(a)[Link](10)
The not is generic keyword can be used with any assertions to negate the
condition.
18. Does Playwright support XPath? If so how can I
use them in the test?
Yes, Playwright supports both CSS and XPath selectors.
The [Link]() function can be used for XPath.
The [Link]() automatically detects the passed value is XPATH or CSS and
returns the locator accordingly
Whenever Playwright sees the selector staring with // or .. then the playwright
assumes it is the XPath
Example:
await [Link]("//button[@id='someid']").click();
19. What are command line options in the
Playwright? Explain 5 helpful options
The configuration file contains the same set of run time configurations, the
command line options also provide the run time configurations. When the
same option is used in both places the command line options take priority.
20. Some of the Important command line options
Run all the tests
npx playwright test
Run a single test file
npx playwright test tests/[Link]
Run multiple tests
npx playwright test tests/todo-page/ tests/landing-page/
Run tests in headed mode
npx playwright test --headed
Run tests on Specific browser
npx playwright test --browser "chromium"
Retry failed test
npx playwright test --retries 2
21. What is headed and headless mode in Playwright
The headed mode browser is just like any other browser. For
example, if you open a chrome browser opens you can see it visually
and perform the action on it.
The headless browser execution happens in the background, the
actions and browsers are cannot be seen. The headless browser
execution is faster than the headed mode.
22. Does Playwright support HTML reporters? How
to Generate HTML reports in Playwright?
Playwright supports default HTML reporter. You can generate the HTML
reporters using the below command.
npx playwright test --reporter=html
23. What are timeouts in Playwright? What are the
different types of Timeouts available in Playwright?
Timeout ensures that before marking test execution as a failure the amount of
time the Playwright needs to wait.
In Playwright timeouts can be set at different levels
Test timeout: This is applicable for test and fixture execution time.
Expect timeout: Timeout for assertions
Action timeout: Timeout for each action
Navigation timeout: Timeout application for Navigation actions such as
[Link]() etc.
Global timeout: Global Timeout for the whole test run
beforeAll/afterAll timeout: Timeout applicable for beforeAll/afterAll hooks
Fixture timeout: This timeout is set to individual fixtures.
24. How to navigate forward and backward in
Playwright?
The playwright provides specific commands to navigate backward and forward.
[Link]() command can be used to navigate forward from the
browser history
[Link]() command can be used to navigate backward from the
browser history
25. How to perform actions using the Playwright?
The Page class provides different locator strategies. First, you need to find the
element using locators and then perform actions.
For example, if you need to perform a click action on a button you can do it as
shown below
await [Link]('#myButton').click();
26. Does playwright support the safari browser if so
can we execute the test on safari?
Unlike selenium, Playwright doesn't support the Native safari browser. The
Playwright supports the open-source version of Safari which is a Webkit
browser.
You can execute the tests on the Safari Webkit browser using the
configurations in the config file below:
const config = {
use: {
channel: 'chrome',
},
};
By specifying in the command line parameter
npx playwright test --browser "webkit"
27. How to wait for a specific element in Playwright?
The playwright has an auto-waiting mechanism that reduces the usage of
explicit waits in the test. However, in some scenarios, we might need to wait
for specific elements in that case we can use the .waitFor()
Example:
const someElement = [Link]('#myElement);
await [Link]();
By default waitFor() waits for the element to be visible, however, the behavior
can be changed to waitFor attached, detached, hidden
Example: await [Link]({ state: 'attached' })
28. What is browser context?
Browser context provides a way to operate multiple independent browser
sessions. The browser class provides newContext() method which helps to
create a new browser context.
Example:
const contxt = [Link]()
29. How to open multiple windows in Playwright?
The playwright provides a way to open multiple windows. In Playwright each
window is called Pages.
You can create multiple pages like below
const pageOne = await [Link]();
const pageTwo = await [Link]();
30. How to handle iFrame in PLaywright?
The frameLocator() gets the frame on a particular page in Playwright. Using
frameLocator() we can perform various actions on the iFrame
Example:
const button = await [Link]('#my_ifr').locator('#button_my)
31. Explain some of the click and double click
actions with its options.
click(): action is used for clicking any element on the page.
dblclick: The dblclick() is used to perform the double click on the element.
Both of the above click takes multiple parameters for example:
force: PLaywright waits for actionability it internally checks for if the element
is ready to click. The force option helps bypass this option
[Link]({force:true});
position: Position can be used to perform the coordinates with respect to the
element.
delay: can be used for time between mouseup and mousedown
32. How to perform a right-click on Playwright?
The playwright doesn't have a separate command for right click, in order to
right click we need to use the click action with the button parameter
Example:
[Link]({button:right})
33. How to evaluate Javascript in Playwright?
The playwright provides [Link]() function, which can be used for
evaluating any javascript function.
Example:
const href = await [Link](() => [Link]);
34. What are Playwright fixtures?
Test fixtures are used to establish an environment for each test. Some of the
pre-defined fixtures are page, context, browser, browserName. The fixture is
isolated for each test.
Consider you have multiple tests like below
test('basic test', async ({ page }) => {
await [Link]('[Link]
});
test('basic click, async ({ page }) => {
await [Link]('#logo').click();
});
Though you expect the above test to be executed one after the other, the test
runs and fails. As the page fixture is isolated.
You can override the default fixtures like below.
For example, the above test can be rewritten to execute correctly
let todoPage;
[Link](async ({ page }) => {
todoPage = new TodoPage(page);
});
test('basic test', async () => {
await [Link]('[Link]
});
test('basic click, async () => {
await [Link]('#logo').click();
});
You can notice that the todoPage is shared between tests.
35. What is CodeGen in Playwright?
Playwright codeGen is similar to the selenium test recorder, the CodeGen is a
tool that comes with playwright you can use it for recording the Playwright
tests.
36. How to parameterize tests in Playwright?
Parameterize helps to run the same tests with multiple values, some times it is
also called as data-driven testing. Playwright allows parameterization, you can
use data from either csv, json or plain arrays. To implement parameterization
you need to use for or foreach loop.
Example:
const fruits = ['Banana', 'Orange','Apple'];
for (const name of fruits) {
test(`testing with ${name}`, async () => {
//your code
});
}
37. Write a code to upload the file
The playwright provides a special command to upload a single file or
multiple files. The command setInputFile() or setInputFiles() is used
for uploading the file in Playwright.
Example:
Upload single file:
await [Link]('Upload file ').setInputFiles('[Link]');
Upload multiple files:
await [Link]('Upload files').setInputFiles(['[Link]', '[Link]']);
Note: Passing empty array to setInputFiles() makes unselect
the files if you are already selected.
Example:
await [Link]('Upload file').setInputFiles([]);
38. Write a code to download the file
The upload and download files are edge case scenarios, Playwright
has dedicated commands for both. The download files can be
performed in the playwright using the waitForEvent() in the
playwright.
Example:
const [ download ] = await [Link]([
[Link]('download'),
// Perform the action that initiates download
[Link]('button#delayed-download').click(),
]);
Once the download is complete you can get the downloaded path
using the command
const downloadedPath = await [Link]();
39. How to perform drag and drop in Playwright?
Drag and drop can be performed using multiple ways
Using dragTo() command
Manually specifying mouse actions
Using dragTo() function for drag and drop
You need to pass the target position locator to dragTo function
Example:
await [Link]('#item-to-be-dragged').dragTo([Link]('#item-to-drop-
at'));
The above dragTo() function internally does
Hovers on the item to be dragged
Clicks on the item to be dragged
Move the mouse to target location
Rleases the left mouse button
As mentioned earlier, you can use the manual method, by perfoming all the
above actions instead of dragTo() function.
Manual way to drag and drop
await [Link]('#item-to-be-dragged').hover();
await [Link]();
await [Link]('#item-to-drop-at').hover();
await [Link]();
40. How to handle browser popups or dialogs?
Dialog popups are native to the browser or operating systems. The
dialogs need special mechanism to handle as you cannot inspect the
locator for these pop-ups.
There are different types of pop ups such as alert(), confirm(),
prompt()
Handling Alert
//Click on Ok
[Link]('dialog', dialog => [Link]());
Handling confirm
//Click on Ok
[Link]('dialog', dialog => [Link]());
//Click on Cancel
[Link]('dialog', dialog => [Link] ());
Handling Prompt
//Type the text, RSAcademy and Accept the pop up
[Link]('dialog', dialog => [Link]("RSAcademy"));
41. What is testInfo Object?
testInfo object contains information about tests that are currently running such
as duration, errors, project, status, etc. Using the testInfo object we can
control the test execution.
42. What is testError Object?
The testError object in PLaywright contains information about errors thrown
during the test execution such as error message, stack, and value.
43. What is global setup and tear down explain?
The global setup is one-time setup that is needed for test execution.
The global setup is executed before starting any tests. For example,
if you want to set up some files, and URLs you can utilize this
function.
Similarly, the global teardown is a one-time teardown option
provided by Playwright. The global teardown will be executed after
all the tests are executed. This will be helpful to generate custom
reports, sending emails, freeing up resources, etc.
Example Global Set up
// [Link]
[Link] = async config => {
const {storageState } = [Link][0].use;
};
// [Link]
const config = {
globalSetup: [Link]('./global-setup'),
use: {
storageState: '[Link]',
},
};
[Link] = config;
Example Global Teardown
// [Link]
[Link] = async config => {
//Some code
};
// [Link]
const config = {
globalTeardown: [Link]('./global-teardown),
use: {
storageState: '[Link]',
},
};
[Link] = config;
44. How to capture Network logs in Playwright?
The playwright provides a way to monitor browser network logs. You can
capture all the request and response network logs and their status. Using the
listener
[Link]('request', request =>
[Link]('>>', [Link](), [Link]()));
[Link]('response', response =>
[Link]('<<', [Link](), [Link]()));
await [Link]('[Link]
45. How to capture screenshots in PLaywright?
The Playwright allows taking the screenshot. the [Link]()
function is provided by Playwright to the screenshot. You can place
the screenshot() command anywhere in the code to save the
screenshot.
Take the full page screenshot
await [Link]({ path: '[Link]', fullPage: true });
Take the Element level screenshot
await [Link]('.header').screenshot({ path: '[Link]' });
46. Does Playwright support API testing? If so how
can we perform API testing?
Yes, Playwright supports API Testing. We can perform any HTTP API method
calls such as GET, POST etc. using the playwright and validate the status and
responses.
Example:
test("Get users", async ({ request, baseURL }) => {
const apiResponse = await [Link](`${baseURL}public/v2/users/`);
expect([Link]()).toBeTruthy();
expect([Link]()).toBe(200);
});
47. What is Visual Testing? Why do we need it?
Visual Testing is also known as visual comparisons, where two
screenshots will be compared. The first screenshot is called the
reference or base image, the subsequent run will compare the
recent screenshot with reference images and produce the results.
Visual comparison testing is helpful for UI testing. Using functional
testing we will not be able to validate the fonts, styles, typography,
alignment, etc. but using the visual comparison we can validate
everything related to the application User interface.
48. Write a simple code to Test Visually
For example, if we need to compare the home page we need to write the
below code in Playwright.
test('Visual test homepage', async ({ page }) => {
await [Link]('[Link]
await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot();
});
During the first run, the playwright stores the reference image of the
homepage, and the next run will be compared against the reference
image.
Optionally we can pass the pixel differences if we need to ignore the
minor differences in the image.
test('example test', async ({ page }) => {
await [Link]('[Link]
await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot({ maxDiffPixels: 100 });
});
49. How to configure multiple reporters in
Playwright?
The playwright allows configuring multiple reporters. The reporter option is
available on the [Link], you can specify the reporter types to
configure multiple reporters.
Example:
// [Link]
const config = {
reporter: [
['list'],
['line'],
['json', { outputFile: '[Link]' }]
],
};
[Link] = config;
50. What is the serial mode in Playwright?
In some scenarios, tests may be inter dependent. The second test might need
the output of the first one. Running tests parallelly in such cases will create the
test cases to fail and it's like a false failure. The serial mode allows running the
tests serially one after the another. If one test fails all remaining tests are
skipped and can be retried as a group again.
Example:
[Link]({ mode: 'serial' });
let page;
[Link](async ({ browser }) => {
page = await [Link]();
});
[Link](async () => {
await [Link]();
});
test('runs first', async () => {
await [Link]('[Link]
});
test('runs second', async () => {
await [Link]('Get Started').click();
});
51. How to perform parallel execution in
PLaywright?
The playwright supports parallel execution. Parallel execution can be
achieved at the global level or test level in the playwright.
Parallel in test file level
The mode: 'parallel' can be passed to [Link]() function
to achieve parallelism.
Example:
[Link]({ mode: 'parallel' });
test('runs in parallel 1', async ({ page }) => { /* ... */ });
test('runs in parallel 2', async ({ page }) => { /* ... */ });
Parallel option in the playwright config file
We can mention the fullyParallel option in the configuration file, this
makes the tests run parallelly to all tests.
//[Link]
const config = {
fullyParallel: true,
};
[Link] = config;
52. How to perform mobile device emulation in
Playwright?
The emulation features allow testing the application in mobile mode
or tablet mode by changing the properties of the browser such as
screensize, useragent, geolocation etc.
For example, if we need to test the mobile safari we can specify the
option in the playwright config file like below.
const config = {
projects: [
{
name: 'Mobile Safari',
use: {
...devices['iPhone 12'],
},
},
],
};
[Link] = config;
Similarly, we can set the viewport to match the mobile or tablet
screen size
const config = {
use: {
viewport: { width: 580, height: 720 },
},
};
[Link] = config;
53. Mention some of the helpful ways to debug
Playwright tests.
The playwright provides multiple ways to debug.
Using the debug option in the command line.
npx playwright test --debug
Debug single test
npx playwright test [Link] --debug
VSCode extension
Apart from the command line debugging option Playwright also
provides the VSCode extension "Playwright Test for VSCode"
Trace on option
You can also force the Playwright to record the trace by passing the
--trace on option.
Example:
npx playwright test --trace on
Pause option
[Link]() can also be used inside the test script to pause the test and do
some debugging.
54. What is actionability in Playwright? Explain in
detail
Playwright architecture has a special type of checks before
performing any actions on elements. The checks are called
actionability checks.
For example when you do click operation [Link]()
It will perform many checks internally such as
Element is attached to DOM
Element is Visible
Element is Stable and animation is completed(if any)
Element is ready to receive the events
Element is enabled.
This mechanism is also called automatic waiting in the Playwright. Since the
Playwright performs all the above checks by default one is no need to perform
the above checks manually.
55. Mention some of the advantages of Playwright
compared to Cypress
The Cypress and Playwright share a lot of similarities and Playwright
overcomes a lot of limitations that cypress has
The playwright supports iFrame, Cypress doesn’t
Playwright supports multiple windows/tabs, Cypress doesn't
A playwright can test the cross-domain URLs whereas Cypress doesn't
support
Playwright supports Safari Webkit browser Cypress doesn't support Safari
Playwright supports multiple languages such as Java, Javascript, Python, and
C#, the Cypress supports only Javascript/Typescript