Experiment-2
Preliminary Work
In the preliminary work, a simulation program will be chosen from PSIM, PSpice,
MATLAB/Simulink, LTSpice, etc., to model the circuit structures specified below.
Question 1:
a) The Figure 2 in the experiment sheet, depicts a Step-Down (Class A) buck converter
supplying a series-connected RL load. Choose the input voltage, switching frequency, duty
cycle, resistance, and inductance values (in a way that best explains the circuit's operation)
on your own, and obtain the following waveforms for 2 complete periods related to the
specified circuit structure. Interpret the simulation results.
• Load voltage, load current.
• Source voltage and source current.
• Resistance voltage and inductance voltage
• Base current (𝐼𝐵 ) of the transistor and collector-emitter (𝑉𝐶𝐸 ) voltage
b) What are the factors that determine whether the load current will be Continuous (CCM) or
Discontinuous (DCM)? Explain through the modeling you have done above.
Question 2:
The Figure 1 in the experiment sheet, depicts a Step-Down (Class A) buck converter supplying an
R load. To improve the waveforms of the load current and voltage, a low-pass filter is connected
to the load terminals.
a) Based on the specified operating values below:
Model the relevant circuit structure (Figure 1). As a result of the simulation, obtain the
following waveforms (in the continuous mode) for 2 complete periods for two different
duty cycles. Calculate the average values of the output voltage and current. Interpret the
simulation results.
• Load voltage, load current.
• Source voltage and source current.
• Freewheeling diode current and filter capacitor current.
• Transistor collector-emitter (𝑉𝐶𝐸 ) voltage.
b) Repeat the relevant modeling for a switching frequency value chosen between 1 kHz
and 4 kHz at a 50% duty cycle.
• Inductor current and output voltage
c) Explain the effect of the low-pass filter on the circuit.
Given operating values:
Source voltage: 110 V
Switching frequency: 600 Hz
Capacitance value (C): 102 µF
Resistance value (R): 48.5 Ω
Inductance value (L): 101.67 mH
Question 3:
a) To achieve the same function as the non-isolated DC-DC converter used in the
preliminary study, suggest a structure for an isolated DC-DC converter. Research the
necessary features of the topology you propose.
b) A brushless DC motor with a rated voltage of 150 V is wanted to be driven using the
same power source. Propose a structure for a DC-DC converter for this purpose and explain
the required features.
c) Classify the switching elements according to frequency and power level. Specify the
advantages and disadvantages brought by low and high frequencies. Additionally, research
the magnitudes of filter elements and their relationship to frequency. Explain the drawbacks
associated with very high switching frequencies.