Force
8.2 Force
Force
• Force is a pull or a push upon an object
• Force is a vector quantity that has magnitude and direction
• Unit for force is Newton,(N)
Newton's Third Law states that for every action force, there is a reaction force of the same
magnitude but in the opposite direction
Types of forces
• Gravitational force
• Normal force
• Weight
• Buoyant force
• Frictional force
• Elastic force
Frictional force and Air resistance
8.4 Frictional force
The direction of the frictional force is always opposite to the direction of the movement of the
object. Frictional force can slow down or stop a moving object.
Definition
Frictional force is the force when two surfaces are in contact
Factors That Affect Frictional Force
Types of Surface Mass of the Object
• Smooth surfaces produce less frictional • Light objects produce less frictional
force force
(The smoother the contacted surfaces, the (The lighter the mass of the object, the
lesser the frictional force produced) lesser the frictional force produced)
• Rough surfaces produce great frictional • Heavy objects produce great frictional
force force
(The rougher the contacted surfaces, the (The greater the mass of the object, the
greater the frictional force produced) greater the frictional force produced)
Frictional Force
Increasing the frictional force Decreasing the frictional force
• Using lubricant oil
• Using rubber mat • Using rollers, balls bearings or wheels
• Using rough surface and stripes pattern • Using wax
• Using magnesium carbonate lime powder • Using grease
• Using boric acid flour
Advantages and Disadvantages of Frictional Force
Advantages Disadvantages
• Produces loud sounds
• Enables an object to be held without
• Generates heat and causes the surface to
slipping
become hot
• Enables humans to walk or run without
• Frictional force wears out a scraped
slipping
surface
• Enables an object to remain stationary
• Causes heavy objects to be difficult to pull
• Enables humans to climb a tree
or push
8.4 Air Resistance
Air Resistance is a force that acts opposite of an object’s motion due to air. It is also called air
friction. The reason it happens is that air is made of particles. The moving object must posh these
articles out of the way to get through. The particles each push back a little causing air friction.
Definition
Air resistance opposes the motion of an object moving in air.
Surface area/Shape
The greater the surface area the more particles of air hit the object. The more particles that hit the
greater the friction and force that goes against motion.
More surface area more air resistance
DefinitioSurface area/Shapen
The greater the surface area the more particles of air hit the
object. The more particles that hit the greater the friction and
force that goes against motion.
More surface area more air resistance