1DPH



&ODVV

$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ VPRGXODWRU

([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU

3UHOLPLQDU\GLVFXVVLRQ
$V\RXNQRZWKHDPSOLWXGHDQGIUHTXHQF\PRGXODWLRQVFKHPHVYDU\WKHDPSOLWXGHRUIUHTXHQF\
RIDFDUULHULQUHVSRQVHWRFKDQJHVLQWKHDPSOLWXGHRIWKHPHVVDJH,WIROORZVWKHQWKDWSKDVH
PRGXODWLRQ 30 YDULHVWKHSKDVHRIDFDUULHULQUHVSRQVHWRFKDQJHVLQWKHDPSOLWXGHRIWKH
PHVVDJH

$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRULVDORQJVWDQGLQJPHWKRGRILPSOHPHQWLQJSKDVHPRGXODWLRQWKDW
LQYROYHVJHQHUDWLQJD'6%6&VLJQDODQGDGGLQJDFDUULHUEDFNLQWRLWWKDWLVWKHVDPHIUHTXHQF\
DVWKHVXSSUHVVHGFDUULHUEXWƒRXWRISKDVHZLWKLW7KLVLVVKRZQLQWKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ
)LJXUHEHORZ


0HVVDJH

30VLJQDO

ƒSKDVH
VKLIWHGFDUULHU

&DUULHU

'6%6&JHQHUDWLRQ &DUULHULQVHUWLRQ


)LJXUH

7KHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHUDQGWKH'6%6&VLJQDO·VVLGHEDQGVUHVXOWVLQD
VLJQDOWKDWVDWLVILHVWKHGHILQLWLRQRI307KLVFDQEHGHPRQVWUDWHGXVLQJSKDVRUGLDJUDPV

)LUVWWRJLYH\RXDSRLQWRIUHIHUHQFH)LJXUHWRWKHULJKWVKRZV /6% 86%
WKHSKDVRUGLDJUDPRIDQ$0VLJQDO5HFDOOWKDWDOOSKDVRUVDUHVDLGWR
URWDWHDQWLFORFNZLVH%XWLIWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKHFDUULHU·VSKDVRULV
IUR]HQWKHXSSHUVLGHEDQG·VSKDVRUZRXOGFRQWLQXHWRURWDWHDQWL
FORFNZLVHDERXWWKHFDUULHU·VWLSEHFDXVHLW·VDKLJKHUIUHTXHQF\$W
WKHVDPHWLPHWKHORZHUVLGHEDQG·VSKDVRUZRXOGFRQWLQXHWRURWDWH
FORFNZLVHDERXWWKHFDUULHU·VWLSEHFDXVHLW·VDORZHUIUHTXHQF\

7KHYHFWRUVXPRIWKHFDUULHUDQGVLGHEDQGVDWDQ\LQVWDQWLQWKH$0
VLJQDODOZD\VSURGXFHVDUHVXOWDQWWKDWLVLQSKDVHZLWKWKHFDUULHU &DUULHU
EXWZLWKDQDPSOLWXGHWKDWYDULHV   
)LJXUH


 ‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU

7KLVIDFWLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZZKHQWKHPHVVDJHLVDSRVLWLYHYROWDJHDVLWFURVVHV]HUR
DQGZKHQLW·VDQHJDWLYHYROWDJH



5HVXOWDQW 5HVXOWDQW 5HVXOWDQW



)LJXUH


7KHSKDVRUUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHVLJQDORQWKHRXWSXWRIWKHEORFN
86%
GLDJUDPLQ)LJXUH IRUWKHVDPHSRVLWLYHPHVVDJHYROWDJHDVLQ
)LJXUH LVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHWRWKHULJKW1RWLFHWKDWWKH'6%6&
VLJQDO·VVLGHEDQGVDUHSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHWLSRIWKHLQVHUWHG /6%
FDUULHUGXHWRLWVƒRISKDVHVKLIW

,PSRUWDQWO\WKHYHFWRUVXPRIWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHUDQGVLGHEDQGV
DWDQ\LQVWDQWLQWKHVLJQDOSURGXFHVDUHVXOWDQWZLWKD
FRQWLQXRXVO\FKDQJLQJSKDVHUHODWLYHWRWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHU7KLV
,QVHUWHG
LVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZZKHQWKHPHVVDJHLVDSRVLWLYHYROWDJH
FDUULHU
DVLWFURVVHV]HURDQGZKHQLW·VDQHJDWLYHYROWDJH1RWLFHWKDWWKH
GLUHFWLRQRIWKHSKDVHVKLIWOHDGVDQGODJVWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHURYHUWKHPHVVDJH·V
F\FOH          )LJXUH




θ θ

5HVXOWDQW 5HVXOWDQW 5HVXOWDQW



)LJXUH


([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV 

,I\RXORRNFORVHO\DWWKHSKDVRUGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUH RQWKHSUHYLRXV /RFXVRI9&
SDJH \RX·OOQRWLFHWKDWWKHUHVXOWDQWFKDQJHVDPSOLWXGHDVZHOODV
SKDVH7KLVWHOOVXVWKDWGLVSOD\HGRQDVFRSHWKHVLJQDOKDV
HQYHORSHV7KLVPHDQVWKDWDWWKLVVWDJHWKHVLJQDOLVDFWXDOO\
9&
VLQJOHFKDQQHOTXDGUDWXUHDPSOLWXGHPRGXODWLRQ 4$0 7UXH
QDUURZEDQG SKDVHPRGXODWLRQLVDFKLHYHGZKHQWKHHQYHORSHVDUH 9&θ 9&θ
UHPRYHGXVLQJDOLPLWHU$V)LJXUHWRWKHULJKWVKRZVOLPLWHU
FKDQJHVWKHFDUULHU·VORFXVIURPDFLUFOHDERXWLWVWLSWRDSODQH
SHUSHQGLFXODUWRLWVWLS+RZHYHUWKHSKDVHVKLIWVFDXVHGE\WKH
PHVVDJHDUHXQDIIHFWHG



)LJXUH


7KHH[SHULPHQW
)RUWKLVH[SHULPHQW\RX·OOXVHWKH(PRQD'$7([WRJHQHUDWHD'6%6&VLJQDOWKHQLQVHUWD
FDUULHUDWWKHVDPHIUHTXHQF\DVWKHFDUULHUXVHGWRJHQHUDWHLW<RX·OOWKHQDGMXVWWKH
LQVHUWHGFDUULHUIRUTXDGUDWXUHXVLQJWKHVFRSHDQG\RXUKHDULQJ)LQDOO\\RX·OOOLPLWDQGILOWHU
WKHVLJQDOWRFRQYHUWLW30DQGREVHUYHLWVSURSHUWLHVXVLQJDVFRSH

,WVKRXOGWDNH\RXDERXWPLQXWHVWRFRPSOHWHWKLVH[SHULPHQW


3UHUHTXLVLWHV
([SHULPHQWV  9RO ,QWURVWRWKH1,(/9,6,,WKH(PRQD'$7([DQG6)3FRQWURO
([SHULPHQW 9RO $PSOLWXGHPRGXODWLRQ
([SHULPHQW 9RO '6%6&PRGXODWLRQ
([SHULPHQW 9RO $0GHPRGXODWLRQ
([SHULPHQW 9RO '6%6&GHPRGXODWLRQ
([SHULPHQW 9RO $0 PHWKRG DQGSURGXFWGHWHFWLRQRI$0VLJQDOV GHVLUDEOH 


(TXLSPHQW

ƒ  3HUVRQDOFRPSXWHUZLWKDSSURSULDWHVRIWZDUHLQVWDOOHG

ƒ  1,(/9,6,,SOXV86%FDEOHDQGSRZHUSDFN

ƒ  (PRQD'$7([H[SHULPHQWDODGGLQPRGXOH

ƒ  7ZR%1&WRPPEDQDQDSOXJOHDGV
ƒ  $VVRUWHGPPEDQDQDSOXJSDWFKOHDGV




 ‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU

3URFHGXUH

3DUW$*HQHUDWLQJD'6%6&VLJQDO
7RLPSOHPHQW$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU\RX·OOQHHGD'6%6&VLJQDO7KHILUVWSDUWRIWKLV
H[SHULPHQWJHWV\RXWRVHWRQHXS

 (QVXUHWKDWWKH1,(/9,6,,SRZHUVZLWFKDWWKHEDFNRIWKHXQLWLVRII

 &DUHIXOO\SOXJWKH(PRQD'$7([H[SHULPHQWDODGGLQPRGXOHLQWRWKH1,(/9,6,,

 6HWWKH&RQWURO0RGHVZLWFKRQWKH'$7([PRGXOH WRSULJKWFRUQHU WR3&&RQWURO

 &RQQHFWWKH1,(/9,6,,WRWKH3&XVLQJWKH86%FDEOH

1RWH7KLVPD\DOUHDG\KDYHEHHQGRQHIRU\RX

 7XUQRQWKH1,(/9,6,,SRZHUVZLWFKDWWKHUHDURIWKHXQLWWKHQWXUQRQLWV
3URWRW\SLQJ%RDUG3RZHUVZLWFKDWWKHWRSULJKWFRUQHUQHDUWKHSRZHULQGLFDWRU

 7XUQRQWKH3&DQGOHWLWERRWXS

 /DXQFKWKH1,(/9,6P[VRIWZDUH

 &RQQHFWWKHVHWXSVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZ



MASTER MULTIPLIER
SIGNALS
SCOPE
10VDC
DC 7Vrm s m ax
X
AC CH 0
DC
Y
100 kHz
SINE
AC CH 1
kXY
100 kHz
COS MULTIPLIER
100 kHz
DIGITAL
8kHz
DIGITAL
X DC
2kHz
DIGITAL
2kHz
SINE
Y DC kXY



)LJXUH



([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV 

7KHVHWXSLQ)LJXUHFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUHEHORZ,WXVHVD
N+]VLQHZDYHPHVVDJHWR'6%6&PRGXODWHN+]VLQHZDYHFDUULHU



0HVVDJH
7R&+
0DVWHU 0XOWLSOLHU
6LJQDOV PRGXOH
<
'6%6&VLJQDO
N+] 7R&+
;
N+]
FDUULHU

0DVWHU
6LJQDOV



)LJXUH


 /DXQFKDQGUXQWKH1,(/9,6,,2VFLOORVFRSH

 $GMXVWWKHVFRSHWRYLHZWKHPHVVDJHDQGWKH'6%6&VLJQDO(VVHQWLDOVFRSHVHWWLQJV
LQFOXGH

ƒ &RXSOLQJIRUERWKFKDQQHOVWR$&
ƒ 7LPHEDVHWR—VGLY
ƒ 7ULJJHU7\SHWR(GJH
ƒ 7ULJJHU6RXUFHWR&+

 9HULI\WKDWWKH0XOWLSOLHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWLVD'6%6&VLJQDOE\FKHFNLQJWKDWDOWHUQDWLQJ
KDOYHVRILWVHQYHORSHIRUPDFRS\RIWKHPHVVDJH




$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ





 ‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU

3DUW%²$GGLQJWKHFDUULHUWRWKH'6%6&VLJQDO
7KHQH[WSDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWJHWV\RXWRDGGWKHFDUULHUWRWKH'6%6&VLJQDOXVLQJWKH
$GGHUPRGXOH

 /DXQFKWKH'$7([VRIWIURQWSDQHO 6)3 DQGFKHFNWKDW\RXKDYHVRIWFRQWURORYHUWKH
'$7([ERDUG

 /RFDWHWKH$GGHUPRGXOHRQWKH'$7([6)3DQGVHWLWVVRIW*DQGJFRQWUROVWRDERXW
WKHPLGGOHRIWKHLUWUDYHO WKHH[DFWSRVLWLRQLVQ·WFULWLFDODWWKLVVWDJH 

 /RFDWHWKH3KDVH6KLIWHUPRGXOHRQWKH'$7([6)3DQGVHWLWVVRIW3KDVH&KDQJH
FRQWUROWRWKHƒSRVLWLRQ

 6HWWKH3KDVH6KLIWHUPRGXOH·VVRIW3KDVH$GMXVWFRQWUROWRDERXWWKHPLGGOHRILWV
WUDYHO

 0RGLI\WKHVHWXSDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZ



MASTER MULTIPLIER PHASE ADDER

SIGNALS SHIFTER
SCOPE
10VDC
DC 7Vrms max
X LO
AC CH 0
DC
Y
100kHz
SINE
AC PHASE CH 1
kXY
100kHz G
O
COS MULTIPLIER 0
100kHz A
DIGITAL O
1 80
8kHz
DIGITAL
X DC
2kHz
DIGITAL
IN OUT g
2kHz
SINE
Y DC kXY B GA+gB




)LJXUH



([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV 

7KLVVHWXSLQ)LJXUHFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUHEHORZ7KH
N+]FDUULHULVDGGHGWRWKH'6%6&VLJQDOXVLQJWKH$GGHUPRGXOH+RZHYHUWKHVLJQDOLV
ILUVWSDVVHGWKURXJKWKH3KDVH6KLIWHUPRGXOHVRWKDW\RXFDQDGMXVWLWVSKDVHVKLIWUHODWHG
WRWKH'6%6&VLJQDO·VVXSSUHVVHGFDUULHU



0HVVDJH
7R&+
$GGHU

< $
'6%6&VLJQDO
N+] ZLWKFDUULHUDGGHG
; % 7R&+
N+]
FDUULHU

3KDVH
6KLIWHU




)LJXUH


 2EVHUYHWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWXVLQJWKHVFRSH

1RWH<RX·OOQRWLFHWKDWWKHVLJQDOORRNVOLNHVRPHNLQGRIKRUULEO\GLVWRUWHG$0VLJQDO




$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ





 ‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU

3DUW&²$GMXVWLQJWKHVHWXSIRUTXDGUDWXUHXVLQJWKHVFRSH
)RUWKLVVHWXSEHWRWXUQHGLQWRDSKDVHPRGXODWRUWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHUPXVWKDYHƒRI
SKDVHVKLIWUHODWLYHWRWKHVXSSUHVVHGFDUULHURIWKH'6%6&VLJQDO,QRWKHUZRUGVWKH
LQVHUWHGFDUULHUPXVWEHLQTXDGUDWXUHZLWKWKHVXSSUHVVHGFDUULHU7KHQH[WSDUWRIWKLV
H[SHULPHQWJHWV\RXREWDLQWKLVSKDVHUHODWLRQVKLS+RZHYHUWKHPHWKRGIRUGRLQJVRQHHGVD
OLWWOHH[SODQDWLRQILUVW

,WZDVPHQWLRQHGLQWKHSUHOLPLQDU\GLVFXVVLRQWKDWZLWKRXWOLPLWLQJWKHPRGXODWHGFDUULHU
KDVHQYHORSHV,QIDFW\RX·YHMXVWVHHQWKHPZKHQSHUIRUPLQJ6WHS8VHIXOO\SURYLGHGWKH
'6%6&VLJQDODQGLQVHUWHGFDUULHUDUHWKHVDPHDPSOLWXGHZKHQTXDGUDWXUHLVREWDLQHGWKH
PRGXODWHGVLJQDO·VHQYHORSHVUHVHPEOHWKHPHVVDJH+RZHYHUWKHUHLVDQLPSRUWDQWGLIIHUHQFH
7KHHQYHORSHVDUHWZLFHWKHPHVVDJHIUHTXHQF\ EHFDXVHWKHPRGXODWHGFDUULHUVLJQDODFKLHYHV
PD[LPXPDPSOLWXGHWZLFHIRUHYHU\F\FOHRIWKHPHVVDJH 7KLVIDFWFDQEHXVHGWRREWDLQWKH
FRUUHFWSKDVHUHODWLRQVKLSIRUWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHU


 'LVFRQQHFWWKHSDWFKOHDGWRWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·V$LQSXW

1RWH7KLVUHPRYHVWKH'6%6&VLJQDOIURPWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXW

 $GMXVWWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·VVRIWJFRQWUROIRUDQRXWSXWRI9SS

1RWH7KH$GGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWLVREVHUYHGRQWKHVFRSH·V&KDQQHOLQSXW

1RWH7KHUH·VSUREDEO\QRQHHGWRDGMXVWWKHVFRSH·V7LPHEDVHFRQWUROWRGRWKLV

 5HFRQQHFWWKHSDWFKOHDGWRWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·V$LQSXW

 'LVFRQQHFWWKHSDWFKOHDGWRWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·V%LQSXW

1RWH7KLVUHPRYHVWKHDGGHGFDUULHUIURPWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXW

 $GMXVWWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·VVRIW*FRQWUROIRUDQRXWSXWRI9SS

 5HFRQQHFWWKHSDWFKOHDGWRWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·V%LQSXW

1RWH2QFHGRQH\RX·OOSUREDEO\ILQGWKDWWKHHQYHORSHVKDYHSHDNVRIDOWHUQDWLQJ
KHLJKW7KHUHVKRXOGDOVREHWZLFHDVPDQ\SHDNVDVWKHPHVVDJHVLJQDO


7KHDPSOLWXGHRIWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHUDQGWKHSHDNWRSHDNDPSOLWXGHRIWKH'6%6&VLJQDOV
DUHQRZWKHVDPH



([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV 

 &DUHIXOO\DGMXVWWKH3KDVH6KLIWHUPRGXOH·VVRIW3KDVH$GMXVWFRQWUROWRREWDLQ
DOWHUQDWLQJSHDNVRQWKHXSSHU RUORZHU HQYHORSHWKDWDUHWKHVDPHKHLJKW


4XHVWLRQ
:KDWW\SHRIPRGXODWLRQLVWKHPRGXODWHGVLJQDODWWKLVVWDJH"






$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ




3DUW'²$GMXVWLQJWKHVHWXSIRUTXDGUDWXUHXVLQJ\RXUKHDULQJ
7KHUHLVDQDOWHUQDWLYHPHWKRGRIDGMXVWLQJIRUTXDGUDWXUHWKDWLQYROYHVXVLQJ\RXUKHDULQJ7R
H[SODLQLIWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHULVLQSKDVHZLWKWKHVXSSUHVVHGFDUULHUDQ$0VLJQDOLV
JHQHUDWHG7KLVLVWKHEDVLVRIWKHVHFRQGPHWKRGIRUJHQHUDWLQJ$0DVLQWURGXFHGLQ
([SHULPHQWRIWKLVPDQXDO2EYLRXVO\WKHQDQHQYHORSHGHWHFWRUFDQEHXVHGWRUHSURGXFH
WKHPHVVDJHZKLFKLQRXUFDVHKHUHLVDN+]VLQHZDYH

5HFDOOIURPWKHGLVFXVVLRQRQWKHPDWKRI$0GHPRGXODWLRQLQ3DUW(RI([SHULPHQW 9RO 
WKDWHQYHORSHGHWHFWLRQDOVRSURGXFHVDYHU\PLQRUSURGXFWDWWZLFHWKHPHVVDJHIUHTXHQF\
N+]LQWKLVFDVH7KLVVLJQDOLVWKHSURGXFWRIWKH$0VLJQDO·VVLGHEDQGVDQGZRXOGQRWEH
JHQHUDWHGLISURGXFWGHWHFWLRQLVXVHG,PSRUWDQWO\DOWKRXJKWKHVLJQDOLVDXGLEOHLWVVPDOO
VL]HDQGVSHFWUDOSUR[LPLW\WRWKHN+]VLQHZDYHSUHYHQWXVIURPKHDULQJLW RQHRIWKH
HIIHFWVRISV\FKRDFRXVWLFV 

,IWKHSKDVHRIWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHULVYDULHGWKHSKDVHHUURUEHWZHHQLWDQGWKHVXSSUHVVHG
FDUULHUEHJLQVWRDWWHQXDWHN+]VLQHZDYH+RZHYHUWKHN+]VLQHZDYHLVXQDIIHFWHG GXHWR
LWVRULJLQ DQGVREHFRPHVDXGLEOH$WTXDGUDWXUHWKHUHFRYHUHGPHVVDJHLVFRPSOHWHO\
FDQFHOOHGDQGDOOWKDWFDQE\KHDUGLVWKHN+]VLQHZDYH

7KHQH[WSDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWJHWV\RXWRXVH\RXUKHDULQJWRREWDLQTXDGUDWXUH



 ‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU

 7XUQWKH3KDVH6KLIWHUPRGXOH·VVRIW3KDVH$GMXVWFRQWUROIXOO\DQWLFORFNZLVHVRWKDW
TXDGUDWXUHLVORVW

 0RGLI\WKHVHWXSDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZOHDYLQJWKHVFRSH·VFRQQHFWLRQVDVWKH\
DUH



MASTER MULTIPLIER PHASE ADDER UTILITIES NOISE
SIGNALS SHIFTER GENERATOR
COMPARATOR
REF

DC 0dB
X LO
AC -6dB

DC -20dB
Y IN OUT
100kHz AC
SINE PHASE
RECTIFIER AMPLIFIER
kXY
100kHz G
O
COS MULTIPLIER 0
100kHz A
DIGITAL O DIODE & RC LPF
180
8kHz GAIN
DIGITAL
X DC
2kHz
DIGITAL RC LPF
IN OUT g IN OUT
2kHz
SINE
Y DC kXY B GA+gB



)LJXUH


 7XUQWKH$PSOLILHUPRGXOH·VVRIW*DLQFRQWUROIXOO\DQWLFORFNZLVH

 :LWKRXWZHDULQJWKHKHDGSKRQHVSOXJWKHPLQWRWKH$PSOLILHUPRGXOH·VKHDGSKRQH
VRFNHW

 3XWWKHKHDGSKRQHVRQ

 ,QFUHDVHWKH$PSOLILHUPRGXOH·VJDLQXQWLO\RXFDQFRPIRUWDEO\KHDUWKHUHFRYHUHG
PHVVDJHRQWKHHQYHORSHGHWHFWRU·VRXWSXW

 6ORZO\LQFUHDVHWKH3KDVH6KLIWHUPRGXOH·VSKDVHVKLIWVWRSSLQJZKHQ\RXFDQKHDUWZR
WRQHV

1RWH$WWKLVSRLQW\RXFDQKHDUWKHN+]UHFRYHUHGPHVVDJHDQGWKHN+]FRPSRQHQW
ZKLFKLVWKHSURGXFWRIWKHPRGXODWHGVLJQDO·VVLGHEDQGV

 6ORZO\LQFUHDVHWKH3KDVH6KLIWHUPRGXOH·VSKDVHVKLIWVWRSSLQJZKHQ\RXFDQRQO\KHDU
WKHQHZWRQH

1RWH$WWKLVSRLQWTXDGUDWXUHLVDFKLHYHGDQGVRWKHN+]WRQHLVFRPSOHWHO\
FDQFHOOHG




([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV 


$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ




3DUW(²&RQYHUWLQJWKHPRGXODWHGVLJQDOWR30
$VPHQWLRQHGLQWKHSUHOLPLQDU\GLVFXVVLRQWKHVLJQDORQWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWKDV
DPSOLWXGHDVZHOODVSKDVHYDULDWLRQV)RU QDUURZEDQG 30ZHQHHGRQO\WKHSKDVHYDULDWLRQV
DQGVRDOLPLWHULVXVHGWRUHPRYHWKHDPSOLWXGHYDULDWLRQV7KHQH[WSDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQW
JHWV\RXWRGRWKLV

 'LVFRQQHFWWKHDGGLWLRQV\RXPDGHSHU)LJXUH

 0RGLI\WKHVHWXSDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZPDNLQJVXUHWKDW\RXFKDQJHERWKVFRSH
FRQQHFWLRQVDVLQGLFDWHG



MASTER MULTIPLIER PHASE ADDER

SIGNALS SHIFTER
SCOPE
10VDC
DC 7Vrms max
X LO
AC CH 0
DC
Y
10 0kHz
SINE
AC PHASE CH 1
kXY G
10 0kHz O
COS MULTIPLIER 0
10 0kHz A
DIGITAL O
1 80
8 kHz
DIGITAL
X DC
2 kHz
DIGITAL
IN OUT g
2 kHz
SINE
Y DC kXY B GA+gB

UTILITIES CHANNEL
MODULE
COMPARATOR
REF

CHANNEL
BPF

IN OUT BASEBAND
LPF
RECTIFIER

ADDER
GND
DIODE & RC LPF
NOISE

RC LPF
SIGNAL CHANNEL
OUT



)LJXUH



 ‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU

7KHVHWXSLQ)LJXUHFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUHEHORZ7KH
&RPSDUDWRURQWKH8WLOLWLHVPRGXOHLVXVHGWRUHPRYHWKHPRGXODWHGFDUULHU·VHQYHORSHV7KH
&KDQQHO%3)LVXVHGWRUHPRYHWKHDGGLWLRQDOVSHFWUDOFRPSRQHQWVWKDWWKLVOLPLWLQJLQHYLWDEO\
DGGV


8WLOLWLHV &KDQQHO%3)

< $
30VLJQDO
N+] 7R&+
; %
N+] ,QVHUWHG
FDUULHU FDUULHU
7R&+



)LJXUH


 &KHFNWKDWWKHVFRSH·V7ULJJHU6RXUFHLVVHWWR&+

 6HWWKHVFRSH·V7LPHEDVHWR—VGLY

1RWH2QFHGRQH\RXVKRXOGVHHWKHLQVHUWHGFDUULHUDQGWKHSKDVHPRGXODWHGFDUULHU

 5HGXFHWKHHIIHFWLYHVL]HRIWKHPHVVDJHVLJQDOWR]HURE\UHGXFLQJWKHVL]HRIWKH
'6%6&VLJQDORQWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWWR]HUR

1RWH,QRWKHUZRUGVUHGXFHWKHJDLQRIWKH$GGHUPRGXOH·V$LQSXWE\WXUQLQJLWVVRIW
*FRQWUROIXOO\DQWLFORFNZLVH

 2EVHUYHWKHHIIHFWWKDWWKLVKDVKDGRQWKH30VLJQDO

 1RZLQFUHDVHWKHHIIHFWLYHVL]HRIWKHPHVVDJHZKLOHREVHUYLQJWKHHIIHFWWKDWWKLVKDV
KDGRQWKH30VLJQDO


4XHVWLRQ
'HVFULEHZKDWKDSSHQVWRWKH30VLJQDO·VFDUULHULQUHVSRQVHWRWKHPHVVDJH





([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV 

4XHVWLRQ
7KH30VLJQDO·VFDUULHULVFKDQJLQJSKDVHZKLFKPHDQVLWPXVWDOVREHFKDQJLQJLQDQRWKHU
ZD\:KDWLVWKLVFKDQJH"7LS7KLVLVQ·WPHQWLRQHGLQWKHSUHOLPLQDU\GLVFXVVLRQEXW\RX
FDQVHHLWLI\RXORRNDWWKHVFRSH·VPHDVXUHPHQWUHDGRXW




4XHVWLRQ
([SODLQZK\WKLVKDSSHQV





$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHILQLVKLQJ







 ‹(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR$UPVWURQJ·VPRGXODWRU