STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

&

DESIGN COMPUTATION

OF A

PROPOSED TWO (2)- STOREY

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

WITH ROOF DECK

PERVEZ, JOSE SOL JR. P.

(BSCE-3C)

CE-107

PRINCIPLES OF PRESTRESSED/ REINFORCED CONCRETE

 SLAB AT ROOF DECK:

For Panel 1 and 3 (TWO-WAY SLAB)

Long Span, L = 4m
Short span, S = 3m
fy = 276 MPa
f’c = 20 MPa

LOADINGS:

Dead Loads:

Slab self-weight................................................................................... hbῳ

¾ Gypsum board ceiling..................................................................... 1.10 kN/m2
Subflooring.......................................................................................... 0.023kN/m2
Floor Finish......................................................................................... 1.5 kN/m2
Water proofing ................................................................................... 1.00 kN/m2
Conduit piping .................................................................................... 0.24 kN/m2
Additional loadings............................................................................. 2.00 kN/m2

Total.................................................................................................... 6.23 kN/ m2

Live Loads:

Residential .......................................................................................... 1.9 kN/m2

Rainload..............................................................................................1.5 kN/m2
Other movable loads........................................................................... 2.0 kN/m2

Total ................................................................................................... 5.40 kN/m2

USING TWO-WAY SLAB BY COEFFICIENT METHOD

I. For thickness of slab.

perimeter of panel 2(4,000+ 3,000)
Min. thickness = = = 77.78 mm say 120
180 180
mm

II. Compute for ultimate loadings:

Wu = WDL + WLL
Slab self-weight = hbῳ
(0.120 m) (1 m) (23.544 kN/m3) = 2.825 kN/m
DLtotal = 2.825 kN/m + 6.23 kN/m = 9.01 kN/m
WDL = 1.2 (9.01 kN/m2) = 10.81kN/m
 LL = 5.40 kN/m2 (1 m) = 5.40 kN/m
WLL = 1.6 (5.40 kN/m) = 8.64 kN/m

Wu = 10.81 kN/m + 8.64 kN/m = 19.45 kN/m

S 3
III. Compute for span ratio; m = = = 0.75; This is case 6.
L 4
Take negative moment coefficients from table: Ca = 0.088

IV. Compute for negative moments:

For short direction; Ms = CsWuS2 = 0.088(19.45 kN/m) (3m)2 = 15.40kN·m

V. Take coefficient for dead load and live load positive moments in each table:
For dead load: Ca = 0.048 and Cb = 0.012
For live load: Ca = 0.055 and Cb = 0.016

VI. Compute for moment separately; (at positive moment):

a) Consider short direction;
Compute dead load moment:
MSDL = CaWDLS2
MSDL = (0.048) (10.81 kN/m) (3m)2
MSDL = 4.67 kN·m

Compute live load moment:

MSLL = CaWLLS2
MSLL = (0.055) (8.64 kN/m) (3m)2
MSLL = 4.28 kN·m

Add the results:

MST = MSDL + MSLL
MST = 4.67 kN·m + 4.28 kN·m
MST = 8.95 kN·m

b) Consider long direction;

Compute the moment due to dead load:
MbDL = CbWDLL2
MbDL = (0.012) (10.81 kN/m) (4m)2
MbDL = 2.08 kN·m

Compute the moment due to live load:

MbLL = CbWLLL2
MbLL = (0.016) (8.64 kN/m) (4m)2
MbLL = 2.21 kN·m

Add the results:

 MbT= MbDL + MbLL
MbT = 2.08 kN·m + 2.21 kN·m
MbT = 4.29 kN·m

Therefore,
MST = 8.95 kN·m
MbT = 4.29 kN·m

VII. Consider moment at discontinuous (support) equals one-third of positive

Moments:
1 8.95 kN·m
-MS = MST ; -MS = = = 2.98 kN·m
3 3

1 4.29 kN·m
-Mb = MbT ; -Mb = = 1.43 kN·m
3 3

VIII. Compute for strength ratio (ɯ)

At midspan:
Use, 12 mm Ø RSB: d = h – cc – db/2 ; d = 120 – 20 – 12/2 = 94 mm
- Along short direction: (Mu = MST = 8.95 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
8.95 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.058

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 4.29 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
4.29 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.027

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 15.40 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
15.40 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.103

At discontinuous edge
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 2.98 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
2.98 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.019

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 1.43 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
1.43 x 106 = 0.90(20.1)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.009
 ɯf ' c
IX. Compute for each steel ratio (ρ): ρ =
fy
At midspan:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.058
ɯf ' c 0.058(20)
ρ= = = 0.0042
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.027

ɯf ' c 0.027(20)
ρ= = = 0.0020
fy 276

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.099
ɯf ' c 0.103(20)
ρ= = = 0.0075
fy 276

At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.019
ɯf ' c 0.019(20)
ρ= = = 0.0014
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.009

ɯf ' c 0.009(20)
ρ= = = 0.00065
fy 276

X. Compute for area of steel reinforcement and spacing of reinforcing bar; for top
and bottom bars.
2 2
πd π (12mm)
Using 12 mm Ø reinforcing bar: Ab = = = 113.10 mm2
4 4
At midspan:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0042 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 394.8 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 394.8 mm
2

S = 286.47 say 286 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0020 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 188 mm2
 bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 188 mm
2

S = 601.59 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0072 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 705 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 705 mm 2
S = 160.42 say 160 mm.o.c.

At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0014 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 131.6 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 131.6 mm
2

S = 859.42 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.00065(1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 61.1 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 61.1 mm 2
S = 1851.06mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.
 SLAB AT ROOF DECK:

For Panel 4 and 6 (TWO-WAY SLAB)

Long Span, L = 4m
Short span, S = 2m
fy = 276 MPa
f’c = 20 MPa

LOADINGS:

Dead Loads:

Slab self-weight................................................................................... hbῳ

¾ Gypsum board ceiling..................................................................... 1.50 kN/m2
Subflooring.......................................................................................... 0.023kN/m2
Floor Finish......................................................................................... 1.5 kN/m2
Water proofing ................................................................................... 1.00 kN/m2
Conduit piping .................................................................................... 0.24 kN/m2
Additional loadings............................................................................. 2.00 kN/m2

Total.................................................................................................... 6.23 kN/ m2

Live Loads:

Residential .......................................................................................... 1.9 kN/m2

Rainload..............................................................................................1.5 kN/m2
Other movable loads........................................................................... 2.0 kN/m2

Total ................................................................................................... 5.40 kN/m2

USING TWO-WAY SLAB BY COEFFICIENT METHOD

I. For thickness of slab.

perimeter of panel 2(4,000+ 2,000)
Min. thickness = = = 66.67 mm say 120
180 180
mm

II. Compute for ultimate loadings:

Wu = WDL + WLL
Slab self-weight = hbῳ
(0.120 m) (1 m) (23.544 kN/m3) = 2.825 kN/m
DLtotal = 2.825 kN/m + 6.23 kN/m = 9.01 kN/m
 WDL = 1.2 (9.01 kN/m2) = 10.81kN/m

LL = 5.40 kN/m2 (1 m) = 5.40 kN/m

WLL = 1.6 (5.40 kN/m) = 8.64 kN/m

Wu = 10.81 kN/m + 8.64 kN/m = 19.45 kN/m

S 3
III. Compute for span ratio; m = = = 0.5; This is case 9.
L 4
Take negative moment coefficients from table: Ca = 0.088 and Cb = 0.003

IV. Compute for negative moments:

For short direction; Ms = CsWuS2 = 0.088(19.45 kN/m) (3m)2 = 15.40 kN·m
For long direction: Mb = CbWuL2 = 0.003 (19.45 kN/m) (4m)2 = 0.93 kN·m

V. Take coefficient for dead load and live load positive moments in each table:
For dead load: Ca = 0.038 and Cb = 0.002
For live load: Ca = 0.067 and Cb = 0.004

VI. Compute for moment separately; (at positive moment):

c) Consider short direction;
Compute dead load moment:
MSDL = CaWDLS2
MSDL = (0.038) (10.81 kN/m) (3m)2
MSDL = 3.70 kN·m

Compute live load moment:

MSLL = CaWLLS2
MSLL = (0.067) (8.64 kN/m) (3m)2
MSLL = 5.21 kN·m

Add the results:

MST = MSDL + MSLL
MST = 3.70 kN·m + 5.21 kN·m
MST = 5.91 kN·m

d) Consider long direction;

Compute the moment due to dead load:
MbDL = CbWDLL2
MbDL = (0.002) (10.81 kN/m) (4m)2
MbDL = 0.35 kN·m

Compute the moment due to live load:

MbLL = CbWLLL2
MbLL = (0.004) (8.64 kN/m) (4m)2
MbLL = 0.55kN·m
 Add the results:
MbT= MbDL + MbLL
MbT = 0.35 kN·m + 0.55 kN·m
MbT = 0.90 kN·m

Therefore,
MST = 5.91 kN·m
MbT = 0.90 kN·m

VII. Consider moment at discontinuous (support) equals one-third of positive

Moments:
1 5.91 kN·m
-MS = MST ; -MS = = = 1.97 kN·m
3 3

1 0.90 kN·m
-Mb = MbT ; -Mb = = 0.30 kN·m
3 3

VIII. Compute for strength ratio (ɯ)

At midspan:
Use, 12 mm Ø RSB: d = h – cc – db/2 ; d = 120 – 20 – 12/2 = 94 mm
- Along short direction: (Mu = MST = 5.91 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
5.91 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.038

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 0.90 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
0.90 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.0057

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 15.4 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
5.78 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.103

- Along long direction: (Mu = Mb = 0.93 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
0.93 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.0059

At discontinuous edge
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 1.97 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
 1.97 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.0124

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 0.30 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
0.30 x 106 = 0.90(20.1)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.0019
ɯf ' c
IX. Compute for each steel ratio (ρ): ρ =
fy
At midspan:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.038
ɯf ' c 0.038(20)
ρ= = = 0.0028
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.057

ɯf ' c 0.057(20)
ρ= = = 0.0041
fy 276

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.103
ɯf ' c 0.103(20)
ρ= = = 0.0075
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.0059

ɯf ' c 0.0059(20)
ρ= = = 0.00043
fy 276

At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.0124
ɯf ' c 0.0124(20)
ρ= = = 0.00090
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.0019

ɯf ' c 0.01 9(20)
ρ= = = 0.00014
fy 276

X. Compute for area of steel reinforcement and spacing of reinforcing bar; for top
and bottom bars.
2 2
πd π (12mm)
Using 12 mm Ø reinforcing bar: Ab = = = 113.10 mm2
4 4
At midspan:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0028 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 263.2 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 263.2 mm 2
 S = 429.71 mm > 3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0041 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 385.4mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 385.4 mm
2

S = 293.46 say 293 mm.o.c.

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0075 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 705 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 705 mm 2
S = 160.42 say 160 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0093 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 40.42 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 40.42mm
2

S = 2798.12 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.00090 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 84.6 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 84.6 mm 2
S = 1336.88 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.00014 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 13.16mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 13.6 mm
2

S = 8316.18 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

 SLAB AT ROOF DECK:

For Panel 5 (TWO-WAY SLAB)

Long Span, L = 3.5m

Short span, S = 2m
fy = 276 MPa
f’c = 20 MPa

LOADINGS:

Dead Loads:

Slab self-weight................................................................................... hbῳ

¾ Gypsum board ceiling..................................................................... 1.50 kN/m2
Subflooring.......................................................................................... 0.023kN/m2
Floor Finish......................................................................................... 1.5 kN/m2
Water proofing ................................................................................... 1.00 kN/m2
Conduit piping .................................................................................... 0.24 kN/m2
Additional loadings............................................................................. 2.00 kN/m2

Total.................................................................................................... 6.23 kN/ m2

Live Loads:

Residential .......................................................................................... 1.9 kN/m2

Rainload..............................................................................................1.5 kN/m2
Other movable loads........................................................................... 2.0 kN/m2

Total ................................................................................................... 5.40 kN/m2

USING TWO-WAY SLAB BY COEFFICIENT METHOD

I. For thickness of slab.

perimeter of panel 2(2,000+3,500)
Min. thickness = = = 61.11 mm say 120
180 180
mm
 II. Compute for ultimate loadings:
Wu = WDL + WLL
Slab self-weight = hbῳ
(0.120 m) (1 m) (23.544 kN/m3) = 2.825 kN/m
DLtotal = 2.825 kN/m + 6.23 kN/m = 9.01 kN/m
WDL = 1.2 (9.01 kN/m2) = 10.81kN/m

LL = 5.40 kN/m2 (1 m) = 5.40 kN/m

WLL = 1.6 (5.40 kN/m) = 8.64 kN/m

Wu = 10.81 kN/m + 8.64 kN/m = 19.45 kN/m

S 2
III. Compute for span ratio; m = = = 0.57; This is case 8.
L 3.5
Take negative moment coefficients from table by interpolation

Ca Mneg Cb
By Proportion: By Proportion:
0.080 0.60 0.018
−0.005 0.05 −0.004 0.05
X 0.57 Y = = = =0.0156
x 0.02 y 0.02
0.085 0.55 0.014
0.083

IV. Compute for negative moments:

For short direction; Ms = CsWuS2 = 0.083(19.45 kN/m) (3m)2 = 14.53 kN·m
For long direction: Mb = CbWuL2 = 0.0156 (19.45 kN/m) (4m)2 = 4.85 kN·m

V. Take coefficient for dead load and live load positive moments in each table:

Ca Mpos D.L. Cb
0.065 0.60 0.009 By Proportion: By Proportion:
X 0.57 Y −0.005 0.05 −0.002 0.05
= = =
0.070 0.55 0.007 x 0.02 y 0.02
0.068 =0.0078

Ca Mpos L.L. Cb
0.048 0.60 0.007 By Proportion: By Proportion:
X 0.57 Y −0.004 0.05 −0.002 0.05
0.052 0.55 0.005 = = = =
x 0.02 y 0.02
0.0504 0.0058
VI. Compute for moment separately; (at positive moment):
e) Consider short direction;
Compute dead load moment:
MSDL = CaWDLS2
MSDL = (0.068) (10.81 kN/m) (3m)2
MSDL = 6.62 kN·m

Compute live load moment:

MSLL = CaWLLS2
 MSLL = (0.0504) (8.64 kN/m) (3m)2
MSLL = 3.92kN·m

Add the results:

MST = MSDL + MSLL
MST = 6.62 kN·m + 3.92 kN·m
MST = 10.54 kN·m

f) Consider long direction;

Compute the moment due to dead load:
MbDL = CbWDLL2
MbDL = (0.0078) (10.81 kN/m) (4m)2
MbDL 1.00 kN·m

Compute the moment due to live load:

MbLL = CbWLLL2
MbLL = (0.0058) (8.64 kN/m) (4m)2
MbLL = 0.80 kN·m

Add the results:

MbT= MbDL + MbLL
MbT = 1.00 kN·m + 0.80 kN·m
MbT = 1.80 kN·m

Therefore,
MST = 10.54 kN·m
MbT = 1.80 kN·m

VII. Consider moment at discontinuous (support) equals one-third of positive

Moments:
1 10.54 kN·m
-MS = MST ; -MS = = = 3.51 kN·m
3 3

1 1.80 kN·m
-Mb = MbT ; -Mb = = 0.60 kN·m
3 3

VIII. Compute for strength ratio (ɯ)

At midspan:
Use, 12 mm Ø RSB: d = h – cc – db/2 ; d = 120 – 20 – 12/2 = 94 mm
- Along short direction: (Mu = MST = 10.54 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
 10.54 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.070

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 1.80 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
1.80 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.011

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 14.53 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
14.53 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.097

- Along long direction: (Mu = Mb = 4.85 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
4.85 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.031

At discontinuous edge
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 3.51 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
3.51 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.022

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 0.60 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
0.60 x 106 = 0.90(20.1)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.0038

ɯf ' c
IX. Compute for each steel ratio (ρ): ρ =
fy
At midspan:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.070
ɯf ' c 0.070(20)
ρ= = = 0.0051
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.011

ɯf ' c 0.011(20)
ρ= = = 0.0008
fy 276

At continuous edge:
- Along short diretion; ɯ = 0.102
ɯf ' c 0.097(20)
ρ= = = 0.0070
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.031

 ɯf ' c 0.031(20)
ρ= = = 0.0022
fy 276

At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.022
ɯf ' c 0.022(20)
ρ= = = 0.0016
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.0038

ɯf ' c 0.0038(20)
ρ= = = 0.0003
fy 276

X. Compute for area of steel reinforcement and spacing of reinforcing bar; for top
and bottom bars.
2 2
πd π (12mm)
Using 12 mm Ø reinforcing bar: Ab = = = 113.10 mm2
4 4
At midspan:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0051 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 479.4 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 479.4 mm2
S = 235.92 say 235 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0008 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 75.2 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 75.2 mm2
S = 1503.98 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0070 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 658 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 695.6 mm 2
S = 171.88 say 171mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0022 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 206.8 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 206.8 mm
2

S = 546.91 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

 At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0016 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 150.4 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 150.4 mm 2
S = 752 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0003 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 28.2 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 28.2 mm 2
S = 4010.64 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.
SLAB AT ROOF DECK:

For Panel 7 and 9 (TWO-WAY SLAB)

Long Span, L = 4.5m

Short span, S = 4m
fy = 276 MPa
f’c = 20 MPa

LOADINGS:

Dead Loads:

Slab self-weight................................................................................... hbῳ

¾ Gypsum board ceiling..................................................................... 1.50 kN/m2
Subflooring.......................................................................................... 0.023kN/m2
Floor Finish......................................................................................... 1.5 kN/m2
Water proofing ................................................................................... 1.00 kN/m2
Conduit piping .................................................................................... 0.24 kN/m2
Additional loadings............................................................................. 2.00 kN/m2

Total.................................................................................................... 6.23 kN/ m2

Live Loads:

Residential .......................................................................................... 1.9 kN/m2

Rainload..............................................................................................1.5 kN/m2
Other movable loads........................................................................... 2.0 kN/m2

Total ................................................................................................... 5.40 kN/m2

USING TWO-WAY SLAB BY COEFFICIENT METHOD

I. For thickness of slab.

perimeter of panel 2(4,000+ 4,500)
Min. thickness = = = 94.44 mm say 120
180 180
mm

II. Compute for ultimate loadings:

Wu = WDL + WLL
Slab self-weight = hbῳ
(0.120 m) (1 m) (23.544 kN/m3) = 2.825 kN/m
DLtotal = 2.825 kN/m + 6.23 kN/m = 9.01 kN/m
WDL = 1.2 (9.01 kN/m2) = 10.81kN/m

LL = 5.40 kN/m2 (1 m) = 5.40 kN/m

WLL = 1.6 (5.40 kN/m) = 8.64 kN/m

Wu = 10.81 kN/m + 8.64 kN/m = 19.45 kN/m

S 4
III. Compute for span ratio; m = = = 0.88; This is case 4.
L 4.5
Take negative moment coefficients from table by interpolation.

Ca Mneg Cb
By Proportion: By Proportion:
0.060 0.90 0.040
−0.006 0.05 0.006 0.05
X 0.88 Y = = = =0.0376
x 0.03 y 0.03
0.066 0.80 0.034
0.0624

IV. Compute for negative moments:

For short direction; Ms = CsWuS 2 = 0.0624(19.45 kN/m) (3m)2 = 10.92
kN·m
For long direction: Mb = CbWuL2 = 0.0376 (19.45 kN/m) (4m)2 = 11.70 kN·m

V. Take coefficient for dead load and live load positive moments in each table:
 Ca Mpos D.L. Cb
0.033 0.90 0.022 By Proportion: By Proportion:
X 0.88 Y −0.003 0.05 0.004 0.05
= = =
0.036 0.80 0.019 x 0.03 y 0.03
0.0342 =0.0204

Ca Mpos L.L. Cb
0.039 0.90 0.026 By Proportion: By Proportion:
X 0.88 Y −0.004 0.05 −0.003 0.05
0.043 0.80 0.023 = = = =
x 0.03 y 0.03
0.0414 0.0248
VI. Compute for moment separately; (at positive moment):
g) Consider short direction;
Compute dead load moment:
MSDL = CaWDLS2
MSDL = (0.0342) (10.81 kN/m) (3m)2
MSDL = 3.33 kN·m

Compute live load moment:

MSLL = CaWLLS2
MSLL = (0.0414) (8.64 kN/m) (3m)2
MSLL = 3.22kN·m

Add the results:

MST = MSDL + MSLL
MST = 3.33 kN·m + 3.22 kN·m
MST = 6.55 kN·m

h) Consider long direction;

Compute the moment due to dead load:
MbDL = CbWDLL2
MbDL = (0.0204) (10.81 kN/m) (4m)2
MbDL 3.53 kN·m

Compute the moment due to live load:

MbLL = CbWLLL2
MbLL = (0.0248) (8.64 kN/m) (4m)2
MbLL = 3.40 kN·m

Add the results:

MbT= MbDL + MbLL
MbT = 3.53 kN·m + 3.40 kN·m
 MbT = 6.93 kN·m

Therefore,
MST = 6.55 kN·m
MbT = 6.93 kN·m

VII. Consider moment at discontinuous (support) equals one-third of positive

Moments:
1 6.55 kN·m
-MS = MST ; -MS = = = 2.18 kN·m
3 3

1 6.93 kN·m
-Mb = MbT ; -Mb = = 2.31 kN·m
3 3

VIII. Compute for strength ratio (ɯ)

At midspan:
Use, 12 mm Ø RSB: d = h – cc – db/2 ; d = 120 – 20 – 12/2 = 94 mm
- Along short direction: (Mu = MST = 6.55 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
6.55 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.042

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 6.93 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
6.93 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.045

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 10.92 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
10.92x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.072

- Along long direction: (Mu = Mb = 11.70 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
11.70 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.077

At discontinuous edge
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 2.18 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
2.18 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.014

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 2.31 kN·m)

 Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
2.31 x 106 = 0.90(20.1)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.015

ɯf ' c
IX. Compute for each steel ratio (ρ): ρ =
fy
At midspan:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.042
ɯf ' c 0.042(20)
ρ= = = 0.0030
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.045

ɯf ' c 0.045(20)
ρ= = = 0.0033
fy 276

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.072
ɯf ' c 0.072(20)
ρ= = = 0.0052
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.077

ɯf ' c 0.077(20)
ρ= = = 0.0056
fy 276

At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.014
ɯf ' c 0.014(20)
ρ= = = 0.0010
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.015

ɯf ' c 0.015(20)
ρ= = = 0.0011
fy 276

X. Compute for area of steel reinforcement and spacing of reinforcing bar; for top
and bottom bars.
2 2
πd π (12mm)
Using 12 mm Ø reinforcing bar: Ab = = = 113.10 mm2
4 4
At midspan:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0030 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 282 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 282 mm 2
S = 401.06 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.
 - Along long direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0033 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 310.2 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 310.2 mm
2

S = 364.60 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0052 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 488.8 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 488.8 mm2
S = 231.38 say 231 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0056 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 526.4 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 526.4 mm
2

S = 214.86 say 214 mm.o.c.

At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0010 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 94 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 94 mm2
S = 1203.19 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0011 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 103.4 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 103.4 mm
2

S = 1093.81 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

SLAB AT ROOF DECK:

For Panel 8 (TWO-WAY SLAB)

Long Span, L = 4.5m

Short span, S = 3.5m
fy = 276 MPa
f’c = 20 MPa
 LOADINGS:

Dead Loads:

Slab self-weight................................................................................... hbῳ

¾ Gypsum board ceiling..................................................................... 1.50 kN/m2
Subflooring.......................................................................................... 0.023kN/m2
Floor Finish......................................................................................... 1.5 kN/m2
Water proofing ................................................................................... 1.00 kN/m2
Conduit piping .................................................................................... 0.24 kN/m2
Additional loadings............................................................................. 2.00 kN/m2

Total.................................................................................................... 6.23 kN/ m2

Live Loads:

Residential .......................................................................................... 1.9 kN/m2

Rainload..............................................................................................1.5 kN/m2
Other movable loads........................................................................... 2.0 kN/m2

Total ................................................................................................... 5.40 kN/m2

USING TWO-WAY SLAB BY COEFFICIENT METHOD

I. For thickness of slab.

perimeter of panel 2(4 , 000+3,500)
Min. thickness = = = 83.33 mm say 120
180 180
mm

II. Compute for ultimate loadings:

Wu = WDL + WLL
Slab self-weight = hbῳ
(0.120 m) (1 m) (23.544 kN/m3) = 2.825 kN/m
DLtotal = 2.825 kN/m + 6.23 kN/m = 9.01 kN/m
WDL = 1.2 (9.01 kN/m2) = 10.81kN/m

LL = 5.40 kN/m2 (1 m) = 5.40 kN/m

WLL = 1.6 (5.40 kN/m) = 8.64 kN/m

Wu = 10.81 kN/m + 8.64 kN/m = 19.45 kN/m

S 3.5
III. Compute for span ratio; m = = = 0.78; This is case 9.
L 4.5
Take negative moment coefficients from table by interpolation

By Proportion: By Proportion:
−0.003 0.05 0.003 0.05
= = = =0.0158
x 0.03 y 0.03
0.0762
 Ca Mneg Cb
0.075 0.80 0.017
X 0.78 Y
0.078 0.75 0.014

IV. Compute for negative moments:

For short direction; Ms = CsWuS2 = 0.0762 (19.45 kN/m) (3m)2 = 13.34
kN·m
For long direction: Mb = CbWuL2 = 0.0158 (19.45 kN/m) (4m)2 = 4.92 kN·m

V. Take coefficient for dead load and live load positive moments in each table:

Ca Mpos D.L. Cb
0.029 0.80 0.010 By Proportion: By Proportion:
X 0.78 Y −0.002 0.05 0.003 0.05
= = =
0.031 0.75 0.007 x 0.03 y 0.03
0.0298 =0.0082

Ca Mpos L.L. Cb
0.042 0.80 0.017 By Proportion: By Proportion:
X 0.78 Y −0.004 0.05 0.004 0.05
0.046 0.75 0.013 = = = =
x 0.03 y 0.03
0.0436 0.0154
VI. Compute for moment separately; (at positive moment):
i) Consider short direction;
Compute dead load moment:
MSDL = CaWDLS2
MSDL = (0.0298) (10.81 kN/m) (3m)2
MSDL = 2.90 kN·m

Compute live load moment:

MSLL = CaWLLS2
MSLL = (0.0436) (8.64 kN/m) (3m)2
MSLL = 4.24 kN·m

Add the results:

MST = MSDL + MSLL
MST = 2.90 kN·m + 4.24 kN·m
MST = 7.14 kN·m

j) Consider long direction;

Compute the moment due to dead load:
MbDL = CbWDLL2
 MbDL = (0.0082) (10.81 kN/m) (4m)2
MbDL 1.42 kN·m

Compute the moment due to live load:

MbLL = CbWLLL2
MbLL = (0.0154) (8.64 kN/m) (4m)2
MbLL = 2.13 kN·m

Add the results:

MbT= MbDL + MbLL
MbT = 1.42 kN·m + 2.13 kN·m
MbT = 3.55 kN·m

Therefore,
MST = 7.14 kN·m
MbT = 3.55 kN·m

VII. Consider moment at discontinuous (support) equals one-third of positive

Moments:
1 7.14 kN·m
-MS = MST ; -MS = = = 2.38 kN·m
3 3

1 3.55 kN·m
-Mb = MbT ; -Mb = = 1.18 kN·m
3 3

VIII. Compute for strength ratio (ɯ)

At midspan:
Use, 12 mm Ø RSB: d = h – cc – db/2 ; d = 120 – 20 – 12/2 = 94 mm
- Along short direction: (Mu = MST = 7.14 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
7.14 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.046

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 3.55 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
3.55 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.023

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 13.34 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
13.34 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.088

- Along long direction: (Mu = Mb = 4.92 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
 4.92 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.032

At discontinuous edge
- Along short direction: (Mu = Ms = 2.38 kN·m)
Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
2.38 x 106 = 0.90(20)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.015

- Along long direction: (Mu = MbT = 3.17 kN·m)

Mu = Øf’cbd2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
3.17 x 106 = 0.90(20.1)(1000)(94)2ɯ (1 – 0.59ɯ)
ɯ = 0.0075

ɯf ' c
IX. Compute for each steel ratio (ρ): ρ =
fy
At midspan:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.046
ɯf ' c 0.047(20)
ρ= = = 0.0033
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.023

ɯf ' c 0.023(20)
ρ= = = 0.0017
fy 276

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.088
ɯf ' c 0.088(20)
ρ= = = 0.0064
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.032

ɯf ' c 0.032(20)
ρ= = = 0.0023
fy 276

At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction; ɯ = 0.015
ɯf ' c 0.015(20)
ρ= = = 0.0011
fy 276

- Along long direction; ɯ = 0.0075

ɯf ' c 0.0075(20)
ρ= = = 0.00054
fy 276
X. Compute for area of steel reinforcement and spacing of reinforcing bar; for top
and bottom bars.
2 2
πd π (12mm)
Using 12 mm Ø reinforcing bar: Ab = = = 113.10 mm2
4 4
At midspan:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0033 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 310.2 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 310.2 mm2
S = 364.60 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0017 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 159.8 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 159.8 mm 2
S = 707.76 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

At continuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0064 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 601.6 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 601.6 mm 2
S = 188 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.0023 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 216.2mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 216.2 mm
2

S = 523.13 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

At discontinuous edge:
- Along short direction;
As = ρbd = 0.0011 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As = 103.4 mm2
bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 103.4 mm 2
S = 1093.81 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.

- Along long direction;

As = ρbd = 0.00054 (1000 mm) (94 mm)
As =50.76 mm2
 bAb ( 1000 mm ) (113.10 mm 2)
Spacing: S = =
As 50.76 mm
2

S = 2228.13 mm >3h, therefore use 360 mm.o.c.