Landforms organized by the processes that create them.

# Landforms by process

## Aeolian landforms (produced by wind)

[Aeolian landform]([Link] – Landforms

produced by action of the winds are formed by the wind and include:
- [Dry lake]([Link] – Basin or depression that
formerly contained a standing surface water body
- [Sandhill]([Link] – Type of ecological community
or xeric wildfire-maintained ecosystem
- [Ventifact]([Link] – Rock that has been eroded
by wind-driven sand or ice crystals
- [Yardang]([Link] – Streamlined aeolian landform

## Coastal and oceanic landforms

Further information: [Coastal

geography]([Link] and [Physical
oceanography]([Link]
See also: [List of submarine topographical
features]([Link]

Coastal and oceanic landforms include:

- [Abyssal fan]([Link] – Underwater geological
structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition
- [Abyssal plain]([Link] – Flat area on the
deep ocean floor
- [Archipelago]([Link] – Collection of islands
- [Atoll]([Link] – Ring-shaped coral reef
- [Arch]([Link] – Natural rock formation where
a rock arch forms
- [Ayre]([Link] – Shingle beaches in Orkney
and Shetland
- [Barrier bar]([Link]
- [Barrier island]([Link] – Coastal dune
landform that forms by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast
- [Bay]([Link] – Recessed, coastal body of water
connected to an ocean or lake
- [Baymouth bar]([Link] – Depositional feature
as a result of longshore drift, a sandbank that partially or completely closes
access to a bay
- [Beach]([Link] – Area of loose particles at the
edge of the sea or other body of water
- [Raised beach]([Link] – Beach or wave-cut
platform raised above the shoreline by a relative fall in the sea level
- [Beach cusps]([Link] – Shoreline formations
made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern
- [Beach ridge]([Link] – Wave-swept or wave-
deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline
- [Bight]([Link] – Shallowly concave bend
or curve in a coastline, river, or other geographical feature
- [Blowhole]([Link] – Hole at the top of
a sea-cave which allows waves to force water or spray out of the hole
- [Channel]([Link] – Type of landform
in which part of a body of water is confined to a relatively narrow but long region
- [Cape]([Link] – Large headland extending
into a body of water, usually the sea
- [Calanque]([Link] – Narrow, steep-walled inlet
on the Mediterranean coast
- [Cliff]([Link] – Vertical, or near vertical, rock
face of substantial height
- [Coast]([Link] – Area where land meets the sea or
ocean
- [Continental shelf]([Link] – Coastal
and oceanic landform
- [Coral reef]([Link] – Outcrop of rock in the
sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
- [Cove]([Link] – Small sheltered bay or coastal inlet
- [Cuspate foreland]([Link] – Geographical
features found on coastlines and lakeshores that are created primarily by longshore
drift
- [Dune system]([Link] – Hill of loose sand built by
aeolian processes or the flow of water
- [Estuary]([Link] – Partially enclosed coastal
body of brackish water
- [Firth]([Link] – Scottish word used for various
coastal inlets and straits
- [Fjard]([Link] – Glacially formed, broad, shallow
inlet
- [Fjord]([Link] – Long, narrow inlet with steep
sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity
- [Geo]([Link] – Inlet, a gully or a narrow
and deep cleft in the face of a cliff
- [Gulf]([Link] – Large inlet from the ocean into the
landmass
- [List of gulfs]([Link] – Wikipedia list
article
- [Headland]([Link] – Landform extending into a
body of water, often with significant height and drop
- [Inlet]([Link] – Hollow of a shoreline that often
leads to an enclosed body of salt water, such as a sound, bay, lagoon, or marsh
- [Island]([Link] – Any piece of sub-continental
land that is surrounded by water
- [Islet]([Link] – Very small island
- [Isthmus]([Link] – Narrow strip of land
connecting two larger land areas
- [Lagoon]([Link] – Shallow body of water separated
from a larger body of water by a narrow landform
- [Machair]([Link] – Fertile low-lying grassy plain
- [Marine terrace]([Link]
- [Mid-ocean ridge]([Link] – Basaltic
underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
- [Oceanic basin]([Link] – Large geologic
basins that are below sea level
- [Oceanic plateau]([Link] – Relatively
flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed
- [Oceanic ridge]([Link] – An underwater
mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
- [Oceanic trench]([Link] – Long and narrow
depressions of the sea floor
- [Peninsula]([Link] – Geographical feature
- [Ria]([Link] – A coastal inlet formed by the partial
submergence of an unglaciated river valley
- [River delta]([Link] – Silt deposition
landform at the mouth of a river
- [Salt marsh]([Link] – Coastal ecosystem
between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
- [Sea cave]([Link] – Cave formed by the wave
action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines
- [Seamount]([Link] – Mountain rising from the
ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
- [Seamount chains]([Link]
- [Shoal]([Link] – Natural submerged sandbank that
rises from a body of water to near the surface
- [Shore]([Link] – The fringe of land at the edge of
a large body of water
- [Sound]([Link] – A long, relatively
wide body of water, connecting two larger bodies of water
- [Spit]([Link] – Coastal bar or beach
landform deposited by longshore drift
- [Strait]([Link] – Naturally formed, narrow,
typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water
- [Strandflat]([Link] – Landform typical of the
Norwegian coast consisting of a flattish erosion surface on the coast and near-
coast seabed
- [Stack]([Link] – Geological landform
consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock, and stump
- [Submarine canyon]([Link] – Steep-sided
valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope
- [Surge channel]([Link] – Narrow inlet,
usually on a rocky shoreline, and is formed by differential erosion of those rocks
by coastal wave action
- [Tessellated pavement]([Link] –
Relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into more or less regular shapes by
fractures
- [Tidal marsh]([Link] – Marsh subject to tidal
change in water
- [Tide pool]([Link] – Rocky pool on a seashore,
separated from the sea at low tide, filled with seawater
- [Tombolo]([Link] – Deposition landform in which
an island is connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus
- [Volcanic arc]([Link] – Chain of volcanoes
formed above a subducting plate
- [Wave-cut platform]([Link] – Narrow
flat area often found at the base of a sea cliff or along the shoreline of a lake,
bay, or sea that was created by erosion

## Cryogenic landforms

- [Blockfield]([Link]
- [Cryoplanation terrace]([Link] – Formation
of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments
- [Earth hummocks]([Link]
- [Kurum]([Link] – Mantle of loose rocks
moving by creeping on gentle slopes.
- [Lithalsa]([Link] – Frost-induced raised land
form in permafrost areas
- [Nivation hollow]([Link] – Geomorphic processes
associated with snow patches
- [Palsa]([Link] – A low, often oval, frost heave
occurring in polar and subpolar climates
- [Permafrost plateau]([Link] – A
low, often oval, frost heave occurring in polar and subpolar climates
- [Pingo]([Link] – Mound of earth-covered ice
- [Rock glacier]([Link] – Glacial landform
- [Solifluction lobes and
sheets]([Link]
- [Thermokarst]([Link] – Irregular land surface
of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed as permafrost thaws

## Erosion landforms

Landforms produced
by [erosion]([Link] and [weathering](https://
[Link]/wiki/Weathering) usually occur in coastal or fluvial environments,
and many also appear under those headings.
- [Arête]([Link] – A narrow ridge of rock which
separates two valleys
- [Badlands]([Link] – Type of dry terrain where
softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded
- [Bornhardt]([Link] – A large dome-shaped,
steep-sided, bald rock
- [Butte]([Link] – Isolated hill with steep, often
vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
- [Canyon]([Link] – Deep ravine between cliffs
- [Cave]([Link] – Natural underground space large
enough for a human to enter
- [Cirque]([Link] – An amphitheatre-like valley
formed by glacial erosion
- [Cliff]([Link] – Vertical, or near vertical, rock
face of substantial height
- [Cryoplanation terrace]([Link] – Formation
of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments
- [Cuesta]([Link] – Hill or ridge with a gentle
slope on one side and a steep slope on the other
- [Dissected plateau]([Link] – Plateau
area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp
- [Erg]([Link] – A broad, flat area of
desert covered with wind-swept sand
- [Etchplain]([Link] – Plain where the bedrock
has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering
- [Exhumed river channel]([Link] –
Ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away
- [Fjord]([Link] – Long, narrow inlet with steep
sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity
- [Flared slope]([Link] – Rock-wall with a
smooth transition into a concavity at the foot zone
- [Flatiron]([Link] – Steeply
sloping triangular landform created by the differential erosion of a steeply
dipping, erosion-resistant layer of rock overlying softer strata
- [Gulch]([Link] – Deep V-shaped valley formed by
erosion
- [Gully]([Link] – Landform created by running water
and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
- [Hogback]([Link] – Long, narrow ridge
- [Hoodoo]([Link] – Tall, thin spire of
relatively soft rock usually topped by harder rock
- [Homoclinal ridge]([Link] – Ridge with a
moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope
- [Inselberg]([Link] also known as Monadnock –
Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
- [Inverted relief]([Link] – Landscape
features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features
- [Lavaka]([Link] – Type of gully, formed via
groundwater sapping
- [Limestone pavement]([Link] – Natural
karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone
- [Mesa]([Link] – Elevated area of land with a flat
top and sides that are usually steep cliffs
- [Mushroom rock]([Link] – Naturally
occurring rock whose shape resembles a mushroom
- [Natural arch]([Link] – Natural rock
formation where a rock arch forms
- [Paleoplain]([Link] - A buried erosion plain;
a particularly large and flat erosion surface
- [Pediment]([Link] – Very gently
sloping inclined bedrock surface
- [Pediplain]([Link] – Extensive plain formed by
the coalescence of pediments
- [Peneplain]([Link] – Low-relief plain formed by
protracted erosion
- [Planation surface]([Link] – Large-
scale surface that is almost flat
- [Potrero]([Link] – Long mesa that at
one end slopes upward to higher terrain
- [Ridge]([Link] – Chain of mountains or hills that
form a continuous elevated crest for some distance
- [Rôche moutonnée]([Link]
- [List of rock
formations]([Link] – Wikipedia list
article
- [Strike ridge]([Link] – Ridge with a
moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope
- [Structural bench]([Link] – long,
relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
- [Structural terrace]([Link] – A step-
like landform
- [Tepui]([Link] – Table-top mountain or mesa in the
Guiana Highlands of South America
- [Tessellated pavement]([Link] –
Relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into more or less regular shapes by
fractures
- [Truncated spur]([Link] – Ridge that
descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
- [Tor]([Link] – Large, free-standing
rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit
- [Valley]([Link] – Low area between hills, often
with a river running through it
- [Wave-cut platform]([Link] – Narrow
flat area often found at the base of a sea cliff or along the shoreline of a lake,
bay, or sea that was created by erosion

## Fluvial landforms

[Fluvial]([Link] landforms include:

- [Ait]([Link] – Islands found on the River Thames and
its tributaries in England
- [Alluvial fan]([Link] – Fan- or cone-shaped
deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams
- [Anabranch]([Link] – A section of a river or
stream that diverts from the main channel and rejoins it downstream.
- [Arroyo]([Link] – Dry creek or stream bed
with flow after rain
- [Asymmetric valley]([Link] – Valley
that has steeper slopes on one side
- [Backswamp]([Link] – Environment on a
floodplain where deposits settle after a flood
- [Bar]([Link] – Natural submerged sandbank that
rises from a body of water to near the surface
- [Bayou]([Link] – French term for a body of water
typically found in flat, low-lying area
- [Bench]([Link] – long, relatively narrow
land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
- [Braided channel]([Link] – Network of river
channels separated by small, and often temporary, islands
- [Canyon]([Link] – Deep ravine between cliffs
- [Cave]([Link] – Natural underground space large
enough for a human to enter
- [Cliff]([Link] – Vertical, or near vertical, rock
face of substantial height
- [Cut bank]([Link] – Outside bank of a water
channel, which is continually undergoing erosion
- [Crevasse splay]([Link] – Sediment
deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees
- [Confluence]([Link] – Meeting of two or more
bodies of flowing water
- [Drainage basin]([Link] – Area of land
where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet
- [Drainage divide]([Link] – Elevated
terrain that separates neighbouring drainage basins
- [Endorheic basin]([Link] – Closed
drainage basin that allows no outflow
- [Entrenched meander]([Link]
- [Epigenetic valley]([Link] – Valley
created by erosion and with little or no sympathy for bedrock structure
- [Esker]([Link] – Long, winding ridge of stratified
sand and gravel associated with former glaciers
- [Exhumed river channel]([Link] –
Ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away
- [Floodplain]([Link] – Land adjacent to a river
which is flooded during periods of high discharge
- [Fluvial island]([Link] – Exposed land
within a river.
- [Fluvial terrace]([Link] – Elongated
terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys
- [Gorge]([Link] – Deep ravine between cliffs
- [Gully]([Link] – Landform created by running water
and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
- Natural [levee]([Link] – Ridge or wall to hold back
water
- [Marsh]([Link] – wetland that is dominated by
herbaceous rather than woody plant species
- [Meander]([Link] – Sinuous bend in a series in
the channel of a river
- [Misfit stream]([Link] – River too large or
too small to have eroded the valley or cave passage in which it flows
- [Oxbow lake]([Link] – part of meanders
- [Point bar]([Link] – Depositional feature of
alluvium that accumulates on the inside bend of streams and rivers below the slip-
off slope
- [Plunge pool]([Link] – Depression at the base
of a waterfall created by the erosional force of falling water and rocks where it
lands
- [Rapid]([Link]
- [Riffle]([Link] – Shallow landform in a flowing
channel
- [River]([Link] – Natural flowing watercourse
- [River delta]([Link] – Silt deposition
landform at the mouth of a river
- [River island]([Link] – Exposed land within
a river.
- [Rock-cut basin]([Link] – Cylindrical
depressions cut into stream or river beds
- [Shut-in]([Link] – Type of rock formation
found in Ozarks streams
- [Thalweg]([Link] – Line of lowest elevation in a
watercourse or valley
- [Towhead]([Link] – Exposed land within a
river.
- [Shoal]([Link] – Natural submerged sandbank that
rises from a body of water to near the surface
- [Spring]([Link] – A point at which
water emenges from an aquifer to the surface
- [Strath]([Link] – Large valley
- [Stream]([Link] – Body of surface water flowing
down a channel
- [Stream pool]([Link] – Stretch of a river or
stream in which the water is relatively deep and slow moving
- [Swamp]([Link] – A forested wetland
- [Valley]([Link] – Low area between hills, often
with a river running through it
- [Vale]([Link] – Low area between hills,
often with a river running through it
- [Wadi]([Link] – River valley, especially a dry
riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain
- [Waterfall]([Link] – Natural river formation
- [Watershed]([Link] – Area of land where
precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet
- [Yazoo stream]([Link] – Hydrologic term
- [V-shaped valley]([Link]

## Impact landforms

Landforms created by [extraterrestrial

impacts]([Link] – Collision of two
astronomical objects with measurable effects – include:
- [Central peak]([Link]
title=Central_peak&action=edit&redlink=1)
- [Complex crater]([Link] – large impact
crater morphology with uplifted centres
- [Cratered landscape]([Link]
title=Cratered_landscape&action=edit&redlink=1)
- [Ejecta blanket]([Link] – Symmetrical
apron of ejecta that surrounds an impact crater
- [Impact crater]([Link] – Circular
depression on a solid astronomical body formed by a hypervelocity impact of a
smaller object
- [Impact crater lake]([Link]
- [Simple crater]([Link]
## Lacustrine landforms (associated with lakes)

Lacustrine – associated with lakes – landforms include:

- [Beach]([Link] – Area of loose particles at the
edge of the sea or other body of water
- [Raised beach]([Link] – Beach or wave-cut
platform raised above the shoreline by a relative fall in the sea level
- [Carolina bay]([Link]
- [Dry lake]([Link] – Basin or depression that
formerly contained a standing surface water body
- [Endorheic basin]([Link] – Closed
drainage basin that allows no outflow
- [Lacustrine plain]([Link] – Lakes filled
by sediment
- [Lacustrine terraces]([Link] – A step-
like landform
- [Lake]([Link] – Large body of relatively still water
- [Oasis]([Link] – A fertile area in a desert or
semi-desert environment
- [Oxbow lake]([Link] – part of meanders
- [Parallel Roads of Glen Roy]([Link] – Nature
reserve in the Highlands of Scotland with ancient shoreline terraces
- [Pond]([Link] – Relatively small body of standing
water
- [Proglacial lake]([Link] – Lake formed
either by the damming action of a moraine during the retreat of a melting glacier,
a glacial ice dam, or by meltwater trapped against an ice sheet
- [Salt pan]([Link] also known as salt
flat – Flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals

## Mountain and glacial landforms

Mountain and [glacial landform]([Link] –

Landform created by the action of glaciers – include:
- [Arête]([Link] – A narrow ridge of rock which
separates two valleys formed by glacial movement
- [Cirque]([Link] – An amphitheatre-like valley
formed by glacial erosion
- [Col]([Link] – Lowest point on a mountain ridge
between two peaks
- [Crevasse]([Link] – A deep crack, or fracture,
in an ice sheet or glacier
- [Corrie]([Link] – An amphitheatre-like valley
formed by glacial erosion or cwm
- [Cove (mountain)]([Link] –
Small valley in the Appalachian Mountains between two ridge lines
- [Dirt cone]([Link] – Depositional glacial
feature of ice or snow with an insulating layer of dirt
- [Drumlin]([Link] – Geological feature formed by
glacial ice acting on underlying unconsolidated till or ground moraine and [drumlin
field]([Link]
- [Esker]([Link] – Long, winding ridge of stratified
sand and gravel associated with former glaciers
- [Fjord]([Link] – Long, narrow inlet with steep
sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity
- [Fluvial terrace]([Link] – Elongated
terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys
- [Flyggberg]([Link] – Isolated, steep rock hill
on relatively flat terrain
- [Glacier]([Link] – Persistent body of ice that is
moving under its own weight
- [Glacier cave]([Link] – Cave formed within
the ice of a glacier
- [Glacier foreland]([Link] – The region
between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of latest maximum
- [Hanging valley]([Link] – A tributary
valley that meets the main valley above the valley floor
- [Hill]([Link] – Landform that extends above the
surrounding terrain
- [Inselberg]([Link] also known as monadnock –
Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
- [Kame]([Link] – Mound formed on a retreating glacier
and deposited on land
- [Kame delta]([Link] – Landform formed by a
stream of melt water flowing through or around a glacier and depositing sediments
in a proglacial lake
- [Kettle]([Link] – Depression/hole in an
outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters
- [Moraine]([Link] – Glacially formed accumulation
of unconsolidated debris
- [Rogen moraine]([Link] also known as
Ribbed moraines – Landform of ridges deposited by a glacier or ice sheet transverse
to ice flow
- [Moulin]([Link] – Shaft within a
glacier or ice sheet which water enters from the surface
- [Mountain]([Link] – Large landform that rises
fairly steeply above the surrounding land over a limited area
- [Mountain pass]([Link] – Route through a
mountain range or over a ridge
- [Mountain range]([Link] – Geographic area
containing several geologically related mountains
- [Nunatak]([Link] – Landform within an ice field
or glacier
- [Proglacial lake]([Link] – Lake formed
either by the damming action of a moraine during the retreat of a melting glacier,
a glacial ice dam, or by meltwater trapped against an ice sheet
- [Pyramidal peak]([Link] also known as
Glacial horn – Angular, sharply pointed mountainous peak
- [Outwash fan]([Link] – Fan-shaped body of
sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier
- [Outwash plain]([Link] – Plain formed from
glacier sediment that was transported by meltwater.
- [Rift valley]([Link] – Linear lowland created
by a tectonic rift or fault
- [Rôche moutonnée]([Link]
- [Sandur]([Link] – Plain formed from glacier
sediment that was transported by meltwater.
- [Side valley]([Link] – Valley with a
tributary to a larger river
- [Summit]([Link] – Point on a surface with a higher
elevation than all immediately adjacent points
- [Trim line]([Link] – Clear line on the side of
a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier
- [Truncated spur]([Link] – Ridge that
descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
- [Tunnel valley]([Link] – Glacial-formed
geographic feature
- [Valley]([Link] – Low area between hills, often
with a river running through it
- [U-shaped valley]([Link] – Valleys formed
by glacial scouring

## Slope landforms

Slope landforms include:

- [Bluff]([Link] – Vertical, or near vertical, rock
face of substantial height
- [Butte]([Link] – Isolated hill with steep, often
vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
- [Canyon]([Link] – Deep ravine between cliffs
- [Cliff]([Link] – Vertical, or near vertical, rock
face of substantial height
- [Col]([Link] – Lowest point on a mountain ridge
between two peaks
- [Cuesta]([Link] – Hill or ridge with a gentle
slope on one side and a steep slope on the other
- [Dale]([Link] – Low area between hills, often with
a river running through it
- [Defile]([Link] – Narrow pass or gorge
between mountains or hills
- [Dell]([Link] – Small secluded hollow
- [Doab]([Link] also known as Interfluve – Land
between two converging, or confluent, rivers
- [Draw]([Link]
- [Escarpment]([Link] also known as scarp –
Steep slope or cliff separating two relatively level regions
- [Flat (landform)]([Link] – Relatively
level surface of land within a region of greater relief
- [Glen]([Link] – Name for valley commonly used in
Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man
- [Gully]([Link] – Landform created by running water
and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
- [Hill]([Link] – Landform that extends above the
surrounding terrain
- [Hillock]([Link] also known as Knoll – Small
hill
- [Mesa]([Link] – Elevated area of land with a flat
top and sides that are usually steep cliffs
- [Mountain pass]([Link] – Route through a
mountain range or over a ridge
- [Plain]([Link] – Expanse of land which is mostly
flat and treeless
- [Plateau]([Link] – Area of a highland, usually of
relatively flat terrain
- [Ravine]([Link] – Small valley, which is often the
product of streamcutting erosion
- [Ridge]([Link] – Chain of mountains or hills that
form a continuous elevated crest for some distance
- [Rock shelter]([Link] – Shallow cave-like
opening at the base of a bluff or cliff
- [Saddle]([Link]
- [Scree]([Link] – Broken rock fragments at the base
of steep rock faces, that has accumulated through periodic rockfall
- [Solifluction lobes and
sheets]([Link]
- [Strath]([Link] – Large valley
- [Summit]([Link] – Point on a surface with a higher
elevation than all immediately adjacent points
- [Terrace]([Link] – A step-like landform
- [Terracette]([Link] – Small natural step-
arranged soil ridges on hillsides
- [Vale]([Link]
- [Valley]([Link] – Low area between hills, often
with a river running through it
- [Valley shoulder]([Link]

## Tectonic landforms

Landforms created by tectonic activity include:

- [Asymmetric valley]([Link] – Valley
that has steeper slopes on one side
- [Dome]([Link] – geological deformation
structure
- [Faceted spur]([Link] – Ridge that
descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
- [Fault scarp]([Link] – Small step or offset
on the ground surface where one side of a fault has moved vertically with respect
to the other
- [Graben]([Link] – Depressed block of planetary
crust bordered by parallel normal faults
- [Horst]([Link] – Raised fault block
bounded by normal faults
- [Mid-ocean ridge]([Link] – Basaltic
underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
- [Mud volcano]([Link] – Landform created by
the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases
- [Oceanic trench]([Link] – Long and narrow
depressions of the sea floor
- [Pull-apart basin]([Link] – Structural
basin where two overlapping faults or a fault bend creates an area of crustal
extension which causes the basin to subside
- [Rift valley]([Link] – Linear lowland created
by a tectonic rift or fault
- [Sand boil]([Link] – Cone of sand formed by the
ejection of sand onto a surface from a central point by water under pressure

## Volcanic landforms

Volcanic landforms include:

- [Caldera]([Link] – Cauldron-like volcanic feature
formed by the emptying of a magma chamber
- [Cinder cone]([Link] – Steep conical hill of
loose pyroclastic fragments around a volcanic vent
- [Complex volcano]([Link] – Landform of
more than one related volcanic centre
- [Cryptodome]([Link] – Roughly
circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
- [Cryovolcano]([Link] – Type of volcano that
erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia or methane, instead of molten rock
- [Diatreme]([Link] – Volcanic pipe formed by a
gaseous explosion
- [Dike]([Link] – A sheet of rock that is
formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body
- [Fissure vent]([Link] – Linear volcanic vent
through which lava erupts
- [Geyser]([Link] – Hot spring characterized by
intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam
- [Guyot]([Link] – Isolated, flat-topped underwater
volcano mountain
- [Hornito]([Link] – Conical structures built up by
lava ejected through an opening in the crust of a lava flow
- [Kīpuka]([Link] – Area of land surrounded by
one or more younger lava flows
- [Lava]([Link] – Molten rock expelled by a volcano
during an eruption
- [Lava dome]([Link] – Roughly circular
protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
- [Lava coulee]([Link] –
Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
- [Lava field]([Link] also known as lava plain
- [Lava lake]([Link] – Molten lava contained in a
volcanic crater
- [Lava spine]([Link] – Vertically growing
monolith of viscous lava that is slowly forced from a volcanic vent, such as those
growing on a lava dome
- [Lava tube]([Link] – Natural conduit through
which lava flows beneath the solid surface
- [Maar]([Link] – Low-relief volcanic crater
- [Malpais]([Link] – Rough and
barren landscape of relict and largely uneroded lava fields
- [Mamelon]([Link] – Rock formation
created by eruption of relatively thick or stiff lava through a narrow vent
- [Mid-ocean ridge]([Link] – Basaltic
underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
- [Pit crater]([Link] – Depression formed by a
sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber
- [Pyroclastic shield]([Link] – Shield
volcano formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions
- [Resurgent dome]([Link] – Dome formed by
swelling or rising of a caldera floor due to movement in the magma chamber beneath
it
- [Rootless cone]([Link] also known as
pseudocrater – Volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but
differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted
- [Seamount]([Link] – Mountain rising from the
ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
- [Shield volcano]([Link] – Low profile
volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows
- [Stratovolcano]([Link] – Type of conical
volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
- [Somma volcano]([Link] – Volcanic caldera
that has been partially filled by a new central cone
- [Spatter cone]([Link] –
Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
- [Volcanic crater lake]([Link] – Lake
formed within a volcanic crater
- [Subglacial mound]([Link] – Volcano
formed when lava erupts beneath a thick glacier or ice sheet
- [Submarine volcano]([Link] – Underwater
vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt
- [Supervolcano]([Link] – Volcano that has
erupted 1000 cubic km in a single eruption
- [Tuff cone]([Link] –
Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
- [Tuya]([Link] – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano
formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet
- [Volcanic vent]([Link]
- [Volcanic cone]([Link] – Landform of ejecta
from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
- [Volcanic crater]([Link] – Roughly
circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity
- [Volcanic dam]([Link] – Natural dam produced
directly or indirectly by volcanism
- [Volcanic field]([Link] – Area of Earth's
crust prone to localized volcanic activity
- [Volcanic group]([Link] – Collection of
related volcanoes or volcanic landforms
- [Volcanic island]([Link] – Island of volcanic
origin
- [Volcanic plateau]([Link] – Plateau
produced by volcanic activity
- [Volcanic plug]([Link] – Volcanic object
created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano
- [Volcano]([Link] – Rupture in the crust of a
planet that allows lava, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface

## Weathering landforms

Weathering landforms include:

- [Bornhardt]([Link] – A large dome-shaped,
steep-sided, bald rock
- [Etchplain]([Link] – Plain where the bedrock
has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering
- [Flared slope]([Link] – Rock-wall with a
smooth transition into a concavity at the foot zone
- [Flute]([Link]
- [Honeycomb weathering]([Link] – Form
of cavernous weathering and subcategory of tafoni
- [Inselberg]([Link] – Isolated, steep rock hill
on relatively flat terrain
- [Karst]([Link] – Topography from dissolved soluble
rocks
- [Nubbin]([Link] – Small hill of bedrock
with rounded residual blocks
- [Panhole]([Link] – Depression or basin eroded
into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock (Weathering pit)
- [Tafoni]([Link] – Small to large indentations in
vertical to steeply sloping granular rock
- [Tor]([Link] – Large, free-standing
rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit

# Landforms by shape

## Positive landforms

- [Bornhardt]([Link] – A large dome-shaped,

steep-sided, bald rock
- [Cinder cone]([Link] – Steep conical hill of
loose pyroclastic fragments around a volcanic vent
- [Cryptodome]([Link]
- [Dome]([Link] – geological deformation
structure
- [Drumlin]([Link] – Geological feature formed by
glacial ice acting on underlying unconsolidated till or ground moraine
- [Granite dome]([Link] – Rounded hills of
bare granite formed by exfoliation
- [Hillock]([Link] – Small hill
- [Inselberg]([Link] – Isolated, steep rock hill
on relatively flat terrain
- [Lava dome]([Link] – Roughly circular
protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
- [Lava spine]([Link] – Vertically growing
monolith of viscous lava that is slowly forced from a volcanic vent, such as those
growing on a lava dome
- [Mesa]([Link] – Elevated area of land with a flat
top and sides that are usually steep cliffs
- [Mogote]([Link] – Steep-sided residual hill of
limestone, marble, or dolomite on a flat plain
- [Nubbin]([Link] – Small hill of bedrock
with rounded residual blocks
- [Tor]([Link] – Large, free-standing
rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit
- [Tower karst]([Link]
- [Tuya]([Link] – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano
formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet
- [Palsa]([Link] – A low, often oval, frost heave
occurring in polar and subpolar climates
- [Pingo]([Link] – Mound of earth-covered ice
- [Pyroclastic shield]([Link] – Shield
volcano formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions
- [Resurgent dome]([Link] – Dome formed by
swelling or rising of a caldera floor due to movement in the magma chamber beneath
it
- [Seamount]([Link] – Mountain rising from the
ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
- [Shield volcano]([Link] – Low profile
volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows
- [Stratocone]([Link]
- [Stratovolcano]([Link] – Type of conical
volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
- [Volcanic cone]([Link] – Landform of ejecta
from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
- [Volcanic island]([Link]

## Depressions

- [Caldera]([Link] – Cauldron-like volcanic feature

formed by the emptying of a magma chamber
- [Cave]([Link] – Natural underground space large
enough for a human to enter
- [Cenote]([Link] – Natural pit or sinkhole that
exposes groundwater underneath
- [Cirque]([Link] – An amphitheatre-like valley
formed by glacial erosion
- [Crevasse]([Link] – A deep crack, or fracture,
in an ice sheet or glacier
- [Deflation hollow]([Link]
- [Doline]([Link] – Depression or hole in the
ground caused by collapse of the surface into an existing void space
- [Gnamma]([Link]
- [Graben]([Link] – Depressed block of planetary
crust bordered by parallel normal faults
- [Honeycomb weathering]([Link] – Form
of cavernous weathering and subcategory of tafoni
- [Impact crater]([Link] – Circular
depression on a solid astronomical body formed by a hypervelocity impact of a
smaller object
- [Joint valley]([Link]
- [Kettle]([Link] – Depression/hole in an
outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters
- [Lagoon]([Link] – Shallow body of water separated
from a larger body of water by a narrow landform
- [Lake]([Link] – Large body of relatively still water
- [Lava lake]([Link] – Molten lava contained in a
volcanic crater
- [Maar]([Link] – Low-relief volcanic crater
- [Nivation hollow]([Link] – Geomorphic processes
associated with snow patches
- [Oxbow lake]([Link] – part of meanders
- [Panhole]([Link] – Depression or basin eroded
into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock
- [Plunge pool]([Link] – Depression at the base
of a waterfall created by the erosional force of falling water and rocks where it
lands
- [Pond]([Link] – Relatively small body of standing
water
- [Pull-apart basin]([Link] – Structural
basin where two overlapping faults or a fault bend creates an area of crustal
extension which causes the basin to subside
- [Quarry]([Link] – A place from which a geological
material has been excavated from the ground
- [Rift]([Link] – Part of a volcano where a set
of linear cracks form
- [Sea cave]([Link] – Cave formed by the wave
action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines
- [Sinkhole]([Link] – Depression or hole in the
ground caused by collapse of the surface into an existing void space
- [Tafoni]([Link] – Small to large indentations in
vertical to steeply sloping granular rock
- [Thermokarst]([Link] – Irregular land surface
of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed as permafrost thaws
- [Volcanic crater]([Link] – Roughly
circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity
- [Volcanic dam]([Link] – Natural dam produced
directly or indirectly by volcanism

## Flat landforms

- [Abyssal fan]([Link] – Underwater geological

structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition
- [Abyssal plain]([Link] – Flat area on the
deep ocean floor
- [Bench]([Link] – long, relatively narrow
land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
- [Butte]([Link] – Isolated hill with steep, often
vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
- [Continental shelf]([Link] – Coastal
and oceanic landform
- [Cryoplanation terrace]([Link] – Formation
of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments
- [Dissected plateau]([Link] – Plateau
area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp
- [Etchplain]([Link] – Plain where the bedrock
has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering
- [Floodplain]([Link] – Land adjacent to a river
which is flooded during periods of high discharge
- [Fluvial terrace]([Link] – Elongated
terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys
- [Inselberg plain]([Link] – Isolated, steep rock
hill on relatively flat terrain
- [Lacustrine terrace]([Link] – A step-
like landform
- [Lava field]([Link] also known as lava plain
- [Oceanic basin]([Link] – Large geologic
basins that are below sea level
- [Oceanic plateau]([Link] – Relatively
flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed
- [Outwash fan]([Link] – Fan-shaped body of
sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier
- [Outwash plain]([Link] – Plain formed from
glacier sediment that was transported by meltwater.
- [Paleoplain]([Link] - A buried erosion plain;
a particularly large and flat erosion surface
- [Pediplain]([Link] – Extensive plain formed by
the coalescence of pediments
- [Peneplain]([Link] – Low-relief plain formed by
protracted erosion
- [Plain]([Link] – Expanse of land which is mostly
flat and treeless
- [Planation surface]([Link] – Large-
scale surface that is almost flat
- [Plateau]([Link] – Area of a highland, usually of
relatively flat terrain
- [Polje]([Link] – Type of large flat plain found in
karstic geological regions
- [Raised beach]([Link] also known as Marine
terrace – Beach or wave-cut platform raised above the shoreline by a relative fall
in the sea level
- [River delta]([Link] – Silt deposition
landform at the mouth of a river
- [Salt marsh]([Link] – Coastal ecosystem
between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
- [Salt pan]([Link] – Flat expanse of
ground covered with salt and other minerals
- [Sandur]([Link] – Plain formed from glacier
sediment that was transported by meltwater.
- [Strandflat]([Link] – Landform typical of the
Norwegian coast consisting of a flattish erosion surface on the coast and near-
coast seabed
- [Strath]([Link] – Large valley
- [Swamp]([Link] – A forested wetland
- [Table]([Link] – Raised landforms that
have a flat top
- [Tidal marsh]([Link] – Marsh subject to tidal
change in water
- [Tepui]([Link] – Table-top mountain or mesa in the
Guiana Highlands of South America
- [Volcanic plateau]([Link] – Plateau
produced by volcanic activity
- [Wave-cut platform]([Link] – Narrow
flat area often found at the base of a sea cliff or along the shoreline of a lake,
bay, or sea that was created by erosion

# Landforms, alphabetic

- [Abîme]([Link] – Geographical term referring

to vertical shaft in caves
- [Abyssal fan]([Link] – Underwater geological
structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition
- [Abyssal plain]([Link] – Flat area on the
deep ocean floor
- [Ait]([Link] – Islands found on the River Thames and
its tributaries in England
- [Alluvial fan]([Link] – Fan- or cone-shaped
deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams
- [Anabranch]([Link] – A section of a river or
stream that diverts from the main channel and rejoins it downstream.
- [Arch]([Link] – Natural rock formation where
a rock arch forms
- [Archipelago]([Link] – Collection of islands
- [Arête]([Link] – A narrow ridge of rock which
separates two valleys
- [Arroyo]([Link] – Dry creek or stream bed
with flow after rain
- [Atoll]([Link] – Ring-shaped coral reef
- [Ayre]([Link] – Shingle beaches in Orkney
and Shetland
- [Badlands]([Link] – Type of dry terrain where
softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded
- [Bar]([Link] – Natural submerged sandbank that
rises from a body of water to near the surface
- [Barchan]([Link] – Crescent-shaped dune
- [Barrier bar]([Link] – Natural submerged sandbank
that rises from a body of water to near the surface
- [Barrier island]([Link] – Coastal dune
landform that forms by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast
- [Bay]([Link] – Recessed, coastal body of water
connected to an ocean or lake
- [Baymouth bar]([Link] – Depositional feature
as a result of longshore drift, a sandbank that partially or completely closes
access to a bay
- [Bayou]([Link] – French term for a body of water
typically found in flat, low-lying area
- [Beach]([Link] – Area of loose particles at the
edge of the sea or other body of water
- [Beach cusps]([Link] – Shoreline formations
made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern
- [Beach ridge]([Link] – Wave-swept or wave-
deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline
- [Bench]([Link] – long, relatively narrow
land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
- [Bight]([Link] – Shallowly concave bend
or curve in a coastline, river, or other geographical feature
- [Blowhole]([Link] – Hole at the top of
a sea-cave which allows waves to force water or spray out of the hole
- [Blowout]([Link] – Depressions in
a sand dune ecosystem caused by the removal of sediments by wind
- [Bluff]([Link] – Vertical, or near vertical, rock
face of substantial height
- [Bornhardt]([Link] – A large dome-shaped,
steep-sided, bald rock
- [Braided channel]([Link] – Network of river
channels separated by small, and often temporary, islands
- [Butte]([Link] – Isolated hill with steep, often
vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
- [Calanque]([Link] – Narrow, steep-walled inlet
on the Mediterranean coast
- [Caldera]([Link] – Cauldron-like volcanic feature
formed by the emptying of a magma chamber
- [Canyon]([Link] – Deep ravine between cliffs
- [Cape]([Link] – Large headland extending
into a body of water, usually the sea
- [Carolina bay]([Link]
- [Cave]([Link] – Natural underground space large
enough for a human to enter
- [Cenote]([Link] – Natural pit or sinkhole that
exposes groundwater underneath
- [Channel]([Link] – Type of landform
in which part of a body of water is confined to a relatively narrow but long region
- [Cirque]([Link] – An amphitheatre-like valley
formed by glacial erosion
- [Corrie]([Link] – An amphitheatre-like valley
formed by glacial erosion or cwm
- [Cliff]([Link] – Vertical, or near vertical, rock
face of substantial height
- [Coast]([Link] – Area where land meets the sea or
ocean
- [Col]([Link] – Lowest point on a mountain ridge
between two peaks
- [Complex crater]([Link] – large impact
crater morphology with uplifted centres
- [Complex volcano]([Link] – Landform of
more than one related volcanic centre
- [Confluence]([Link] – Meeting of two or more
bodies of flowing water
- [Continental shelf]([Link] – Coastal
and oceanic landform
- [Coral reef]([Link] – Outcrop of rock in the
sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
- [Cove]([Link] – Small sheltered bay or coastal inlet
- [Cove (mountain)]([Link] –
Small valley in the Appalachian Mountains between two ridge lines
- [Crevasse splay]([Link] – Sediment
deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees
- [Crevasse]([Link] – A deep crack, or fracture,
in an ice sheet or glacier
- [Cryovolcano]([Link] – Type of volcano that
erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia or methane, instead of molten rock
- [Cuesta]([Link] – Hill or ridge with a gentle
slope on one side and a steep slope on the other
- [Cuspate foreland]([Link] – Geographical
features found on coastlines and lakeshores that are created primarily by longshore
drift
- [Cut bank]([Link] – Outside bank of a water
channel, which is continually undergoing erosion
- [Dale]([Link] – Low area between hills, often with
a river running through it
- [Defile]([Link] – Narrow pass or gorge
between mountains or hills
- [Dell]([Link] – Small secluded hollow
- [Delta, River]([Link] – Silt deposition
landform at the mouth of a river
- [Desert pavement]([Link] – Type of desert
earth surface
- [Diatreme]([Link] – Volcanic pipe formed by a
gaseous explosion
- [Dike]([Link] – A sheet of rock that is
formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body
- [Dirt cone]([Link] – Depositional glacial
feature of ice or snow with an insulating layer of dirt
- [Dissected plateau]([Link] – Plateau
area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp
- [Doab]([Link] – Land between two converging, or
confluent, rivers
- [Doline]([Link] – Depression or hole in the
ground caused by collapse of the surface into an existing void space
- [Dome]([Link] – geological deformation
structure
- [Drainage basin]([Link] – Area of land
where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet
- [Drainage divide]([Link] – Elevated
terrain that separates neighbouring drainage basins
- [Draw]([Link]
- [Dreikanter]([Link] – Type of rock
- [Drumlin]([Link] – Geological feature formed by
glacial ice acting on underlying unconsolidated till or ground moraine
- [Dry lake]([Link] – Basin or depression that
formerly contained a standing surface water body
- [Dune]([Link] – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian
processes or the flow of water
- [Dune system]([Link] – Hill of loose sand built by
aeolian processes or the flow of water
- [Ejecta blanket]([Link] – Symmetrical
apron of ejecta that surrounds an impact crater
- [Endorheic basin]([Link] – Closed
drainage basin that allows no outflow
- [Erg]([Link] – A broad, flat area of
desert covered with wind-swept sand
- [Escarpment]([Link] – Steep slope or cliff
separating two relatively level regions (scarp)
- [Esker]([Link] – Long, winding ridge of stratified
sand and gravel associated with former glaciers
- [Estuary]([Link] – Partially enclosed coastal
body of brackish water
- [Exhumed river channel]([Link] –
Ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away
- [Faceted spur]([Link] – Ridge that
descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
- [Fault scarp]([Link] – Small step or offset
on the ground surface where one side of a fault has moved vertically with respect
to the other
- [Firth]([Link] – Scottish word used for various
coastal inlets and straits
- [Fissure vent]([Link] – Linear volcanic vent
through which lava erupts
- [Fjard]([Link] – Glacially formed, broad, shallow
inlet
- [Fjord]([Link] – Long, narrow inlet with steep
sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity
- [Flat]([Link] – Relatively level surface
of land within a region of greater relief
- [Flatiron]([Link] – Steeply
sloping triangular landform created by the differential erosion of a steeply
dipping, erosion-resistant layer of rock overlying softer strata
- [Floodplain]([Link] – Land adjacent to a river
which is flooded during periods of high discharge
- [Fluvial island]([Link] – Exposed land
within a river.
- [Fluvial terrace]([Link] – Elongated
terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys
- [Foiba]([Link] – Type of deep natural sinkhole
- [Geo]([Link] – Inlet, a gully or a narrow
and deep cleft in the face of a cliff
- [Geyser]([Link] – Hot spring characterized by
intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam
- [Glacial horn]([Link] – Angular, sharply
pointed mountainous peak
- [Glacier cave]([Link] – Cave formed within
the ice of a glacier
- [Glacier foreland]([Link] – The region
between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of latest maximum
- [Glacier]([Link] – Persistent body of ice that is
moving under its own weight
- [Parallel Roads of Glen Roy]([Link] – Nature
reserve in the Highlands of Scotland with ancient shoreline terraces
- [Glen]([Link] – Name for valley commonly used in
Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man
- [Gorge]([Link] – Deep ravine between cliffs
- [Graben]([Link] – Depressed block of planetary
crust bordered by parallel normal faults
- [Gulch]([Link] – Deep V-shaped valley formed by
erosion
- [Gulf]([Link] – Wikipedia list article
- [Gully]([Link] – Landform created by running water
and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
- [Guyot]([Link] – Isolated, flat-topped underwater
volcano mountain
- [Hanging valley]([Link] – A tributary
valley that meets the main valley above the valley floor
- [Headland]([Link] – Landform extending into a
body of water, often with significant height and drop
- [Hill]([Link] – Landform that extends above the
surrounding terrain
- [Hogback]([Link] – Long, narrow ridge
- [Homoclinal ridge]([Link] – Ridge with a
moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope
- [Hoodoo]([Link] – Tall, thin spire of
relatively soft rock usually topped by harder rock
- [Horst]([Link] – Raised fault block
bounded by normal faults
- [Impact crater]([Link] – Circular
depression on a solid astronomical body formed by a hypervelocity impact of a
smaller object
- [Inlet]([Link] – Hollow of a shoreline that often
leads to an enclosed body of salt water, such as a sound, bay, lagoon, or marsh
- [Interfluve]([Link] – Land between two converging,
or confluent, rivers
- [Inverted relief]([Link] – Landscape
features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features
- [Island]([Link] – Any piece of sub-continental
land that is surrounded by water
- [Islet]([Link] – Very small island
- [Isthmus]([Link] – Narrow strip of land
connecting two larger land areas
- [Kame delta]([Link] – Landform formed by a
stream of melt water flowing through or around a glacier and depositing sediments
in a proglacial lake
- [Kame]([Link] – Mound formed on a retreating glacier
and deposited on land
- [Karst]([Link] – Topography from dissolved soluble
rocks
- [Karst fenster]([Link]
- [Karst valley]([Link] – Topography from dissolved
soluble rocks
- [Kettle]([Link] – Depression/hole in an
outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters
- [Kīpuka]([Link] – Area of land surrounded by
one or more younger lava flows
- [Knoll]([Link] – Small hill
- [Lacustrine plain]([Link] – Lakes filled
by sediment
- [Lagoon]([Link] – Shallow body of water separated
from a larger body of water by a narrow landform
- [Lake]([Link] – Large body of relatively still water
- [Lava dome]([Link] – Roughly circular
protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
- [Lava]([Link] – Molten rock expelled by a volcano
during an eruption
- [Lava lake]([Link] – Molten lava contained in a
volcanic crater
- [Lava field]([Link] also known as lava plain
- [Lava spine]([Link] – Vertically growing
monolith of viscous lava that is slowly forced from a volcanic vent, such as those
growing on a lava dome
- [Lava tube]([Link] – Natural conduit through
which lava flows beneath the solid surface
- [Lavaka]([Link] – Type of gully, formed via
groundwater sapping
- [Levee]([Link] – Ridge or wall to hold back water,
natural
- [Limestone pavement]([Link] – Natural
karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone
- [Loess]([Link] – Sediment of accumulated wind-blown
dust
- [Lacustrine terraces]([Link] – A step-
like landform
- [Maar]([Link] – Low-relief volcanic crater
- [Machair]([Link] – Fertile low-lying grassy plain
- [Malpaís]([Link] – Rough and
barren landscape of relict and largely uneroded lava fields
- [Mamelon]([Link] – Rock formation
created by eruption of relatively thick or stiff lava through a narrow vent
- [Marine terrace]([Link] – Beach or wave-cut
platform raised above the shoreline by a relative fall in the sea level
- [Marsh]([Link] – wetland that is dominated by
herbaceous rather than woody plant species
- [Meander]([Link] – Sinuous bend in a series in
the channel of a river
- [Mesa]([Link] – Elevated area of land with a flat
top and sides that are usually steep cliffs
- [Mid-ocean ridge]([Link] – Basaltic
underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
- [Mogote]([Link] – Steep-sided residual hill of
limestone, marble, or dolomite on a flat plain
- [Monadnock]([Link] – Isolated, steep rock hill
on relatively flat terrain
- [Moraine]([Link] – Glacially formed accumulation
of unconsolidated debris
- [Moulin]([Link] – Shaft within a
glacier or ice sheet which water enters from the surface
- [Mountain]([Link] – Large landform that rises
fairly steeply above the surrounding land over a limited area
- [Mountain pass]([Link] – Route through a
mountain range or over a ridge
- [Mountain range]([Link] – Geographic area
containing several geologically related mountains
- [Mud volcano]([Link] – Landform created by
the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases
- [Mushroom rock]([Link] – Naturally
occurring rock whose shape resembles a mushroom
- [Natural arch]([Link] – Natural rock
formation where a rock arch forms
- [Nunatak]([Link] – Landform within an ice field
or glacier
- [Oasis]([Link] – A fertile area in a desert or
semi-desert environment
- [Oceanic basin]([Link] – Large geologic
basins that are below sea level
- [Oceanic plateau]([Link] – Relatively
flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed
- [Oceanic ridge]([Link] – An underwater
mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
- [Oceanic trench]([Link] – Long and narrow
depressions of the sea floor
- [Outwash fan]([Link] – Fan-shaped body of
sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier
- [Outwash plain]([Link] – Plain formed from
glacier sediment that was transported by meltwater.
- [Oxbow lake]([Link] – part of meanders
- [Paleoplain]([Link] - A buried erosion plain;
a particularly large and flat erosion surface
- [Pediment]([Link] – Very gently
sloping inclined bedrock surface
- [Pediplain]([Link] – Extensive plain formed by
the coalescence of pediments
- [Peneplain]([Link] – Low-relief plain formed by
protracted erosion
- [Peninsula]([Link] – Geographical feature
- [Pingo]([Link] – Mound of earth-covered ice
- [Pit crater]([Link] – Depression formed by a
sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber
- [Plain]([Link] – Expanse of land which is mostly
flat and treeless
- [Plateau]([Link] – Area of a highland, usually of
relatively flat terrain
- [Playa lake]([Link]
- [Plunge pool]([Link] – Depression at the base
of a waterfall created by the erosional force of falling water and rocks where it
lands
- [Point bar]([Link] – Depositional feature of
alluvium that accumulates on the inside bend of streams and rivers below the slip-
off slope
- [Polje]([Link] – Type of large flat plain found in
karstic geological regions
- [Pond]([Link] – Relatively small body of standing
water
- [Potrero]([Link] – Long mesa that at
one end slopes upward to higher terrain
- [Proglacial lake]([Link] – Lake formed
either by the damming action of a moraine during the retreat of a melting glacier,
a glacial ice dam, or by meltwater trapped against an ice sheet
- [Pseudocrater]([Link]
- [Pull-apart basin]([Link] – Structural
basin where two overlapping faults or a fault bend creates an area of crustal
extension which causes the basin to subside
- [Quarry]([Link] – A place from which a geological
material has been excavated from the ground
- [Raised beach]([Link] – Beach or wave-cut
platform raised above the shoreline by a relative fall in the sea level
- [Rapid]([Link]
- [Ravine]([Link] – Small valley, which is often the
product of streamcutting erosion
- [Ria]([Link] – A coastal inlet formed by the partial
submergence of an unglaciated river valley
- [Ridge]([Link] – Chain of mountains or hills that
form a continuous elevated crest for some distance
- [Riffle]([Link] – Shallow landform in a flowing
channel
- [Rift valley]([Link] – Linear lowland created
by a tectonic rift or fault
- [River]([Link] – Natural flowing watercourse
- [River delta]([Link] – Silt deposition
landform at the mouth of a river
- [River island]([Link] – Exposed land within
a river.
- [Rôche moutonnée]([Link]
- [Rogen moraine]([Link] – Landform of ridges
deposited by a glacier or ice sheet transverse to ice flow
- [Rock formations]([Link] –
Wikipedia list article
- [Rock shelter]([Link] – Shallow cave-like
opening at the base of a bluff or cliff
- [Rock-cut basin]([Link] – Cylindrical
depressions cut into stream or river beds
- [Saddle]([Link]
- [Salt marsh]([Link] – Coastal ecosystem
between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
- [Salt pan]([Link] – Flat expanse of
ground covered with salt and other minerals (salt flat)
- [Sand boil]([Link] also known as sand
volcano – Cone of sand formed by the ejection of sand onto a surface from a central
point by water under pressure
- [Sandhill]([Link] – Type of ecological community
or xeric wildfire-maintained ecosystem
- [Sandur]([Link] – Plain formed from glacier
sediment that was transported by meltwater.
- [Scowle]([Link] – Landscape features which range
from amorphous shallow pits to irregular labyrinthine hollows up to several metres
deep
- [Scree]([Link] – Broken rock fragments at the base
of steep rock faces, that has accumulated through periodic rockfall
- [Sea cave]([Link] – Cave formed by the wave
action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines
- [Seamount]([Link] – Mountain rising from the
ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
- [Shield volcano]([Link] – Low profile
volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows
- [Shoal]([Link] – Natural submerged sandbank that
rises from a body of water to near the surface
- [Shore]([Link] – The fringe of land at the edge of
a large body of water
- [Shut-in]([Link] – Type of rock formation
found in Ozarks streams
- [Side valley]([Link] – Valley with a
tributary to a larger river
- [Sinkhole]([Link] – Depression or hole in the
ground caused by collapse of the surface into an existing void space
- [Sound]([Link] – A long, relatively
wide body of water, connecting two larger bodies of water
- [Spit]([Link] – Coastal bar or beach
landform deposited by longshore drift
- [Spring]([Link] – A point at which
water emenges from an aquifer to the surface
- [Stack]([Link] – Geological landform
consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock and stump
- [Strait]([Link] – Naturally formed, narrow,
typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water
- [Strandflat]([Link] – Landform typical of the
Norwegian coast consisting of a flattish erosion surface on the coast and near-
coast seabed
- [Strath]([Link] – Large valley
- [Stratovolcano]([Link] – Type of conical
volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
- [Stream pool]([Link] – Stretch of a river or
stream in which the water is relatively deep and slow moving
- [Stream]([Link] – Body of surface water flowing
down a channel
- [Strike ridge]([Link] – Ridge with a
moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope
- [Structural bench]([Link] – long,
relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
- [Structural terrace]([Link] – A step-
like landform
- [Subglacial mound]([Link] – Volcano
formed when lava erupts beneath a thick glacier or ice sheet
- [Submarine canyon]([Link] – Steep-sided
valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope
- [Submarine volcano]([Link] – Underwater
vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt
- [Summit]([Link] – Point on a surface with a higher
elevation than all immediately adjacent points
- [Supervolcano]([Link] – Volcano that has
erupted 1000 cubic km in a single eruption
- [Surge channel]([Link] – Narrow inlet,
usually on a rocky shoreline, and is formed by differential erosion of those rocks
by coastal wave action
- [Swamp]([Link] – A forested wetland
- [Tepui]([Link] – Table-top mountain or mesa in the
Guiana Highlands of South America
- [Terrace]([Link] – A step-like landform
- [Terracette]([Link] – Small natural step-
arranged soil ridges on hillsides
- [Tessellated pavement]([Link] –
Relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into more or less regular shapes by
fractures
- [Thalweg]([Link] – Line of lowest elevation in a
watercourse or valley
- [Tidal marsh]([Link] – Marsh subject to tidal
change in water
- [Tide pool]([Link] – Rocky pool on a seashore,
separated from the sea at low tide, filled with seawater
- [Tombolo]([Link] – Deposition landform in which
an island is connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus
- [Tor]([Link] – Large, free-standing
rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit
- [Tower karst]([Link] – Topography from dissolved
soluble rocks
- [Towhead]([Link] – Exposed land within a
river.
- [Trim line]([Link] – Clear line on the side of
a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier
- [Truncated spur]([Link] – Ridge that
descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
- [Tunnel valley]([Link] – Glacial-formed
geographic feature
- [Turlough]([Link] – Type of disappearing
lake found in limestone areas of Ireland
- [Tuya]([Link] – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano
formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet
- [U-shaped valley]([Link] – Valleys formed
by glacial scouring
- [Uvala]([Link] – Local toponym in some
regions in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia for a closed
karst depression
- [Vale]([Link]
- [Valley]([Link] – Low area between hills, often
with a river running through it
- [Valley shoulder]([Link]
- [Ventifact]([Link] – Rock that has been eroded
by wind-driven sand or ice crystals
- [Volcanic arc]([Link] – Chain of volcanoes
formed above a subducting plate
- [Volcanic cone]([Link] – Landform of ejecta
from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
- [Volcanic crater]([Link] – Roughly
circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity
- [Volcanic crater lake]([Link] – Lake
formed within a volcanic crater
- [Volcanic dam]([Link] – Natural dam produced
directly or indirectly by volcanism
- [Volcanic field]([Link] – Area of Earth's
crust prone to localized volcanic activity
- [Volcanic group]([Link] – Collection of
related volcanoes or volcanic landforms
- [Volcanic island]([Link] – Island of volcanic
origin
- [Volcanic plateau]([Link] – Plateau
produced by volcanic activity
- [Volcanic plug]([Link] – Volcanic object
created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano
- [Volcanic vent]([Link]
- [Volcano]([Link] – Rupture in the crust of a
planet that allows lava, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface
- [Wadi]([Link] – River valley, especially a dry
riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain
- [Waterfall]([Link] – Natural river formation
- [Watershed]([Link] – Area of land where
precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet
- [Wave-cut platform]([Link] – Narrow
flat area often found at the base of a sea cliff or along the shoreline of a lake,
bay, or sea that was created by erosion
- [Wetland]([Link] – Land area that is permanently
or seasonally saturated with water
- [Yardang]([Link] – Streamlined aeolian landform