CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Extra Activity order in metals

1. Synthesis or combination reactions ( Li,Na,K,Ca,Ba ) > (Al,Zn,Mg,Fe,Ni,Mn,Cr) > H >

very active metals active metals 0
Metals and nonmetals react with each other to form
ionic compounds. H > ( Cu,Hg,Ag,Pt,Au)
0 inactive metals
A+B→C
CuCl2 + Zn →
Na + Cl2 → Ba + P →
FeCl2 + Na →
Mg + O2 → Al + C →
AgNO3 + Al →
Al + Br2 → Li + N2 →
AgNO3 + Zn →
Ca + S → Ba + N2 →
ZnCl2 + Cu →
K + I2 →
Hg + HCl →
Nonmetals react with each other to form covalent
compounds.
Very active metals react with water at room
C + O2 → P + O2 → temperature. Active metals can react at high
temperatures. And noble metals do not.
H2 + O2 → H2 + Cl2 →

S + O2 → N2 + H2 → Na + HOH → K + H2O →

2. Analysis or decomposition reactions heat

Ba + H2O → Mg + H2O →
These reactions generally involve temperature or
electrolysis.
Metal + acid reactions
A →B+C
Metals react with acids to form salt and hydrogen gas
electrolysis heat except noble metals (Cu,Hg,Ag,Pt,Au)
H2O → KClO3 →

heat heat
Mg + HCl →
KMnO4 → CaCO3 →
Ba + HNO3 →
heat heat
Ca + H2SO4 →
HgO → H2O2 →
Al + HCl →
heat
NaHCO3 → Cu + HCl →
Ca + CH3COOH →

3. Single displacement reaction

AB + C → AC + B Half noble metals ( Cu, Hg, Ag ) can be dissolved (

react with) in HNO3 and H2SO4.
Activity order for halogens ( 7A )
Cu + HNO3(conc) →
F > Cl > Br > I
Cu + HNO3(dil) →
KI + Cl2 →
Cu + H2SO4(conc) →
NaBr + F2 →
Cu + H2SO4(dil) →
KI + Br2 →
Gold can be dissolved only in king water (aqua regia). It
NaCl + I2 → is the mixture of one molecule nitric acid and three
molecules of hydrochloric acid. (3HCl + HNO3)

Au + 3HCl + HNO3 →

21
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Other Types of Chemical Reactions
Metal + Base reactions
Acidic oxide + Basic oxide
Only amphotheric metals (Al,Zn) react with strong
bases to form salt and hydrogen gas. Acidic oxides can react with basic oxides to form
only salt

Zn + NaOH → CaO + SO3 →

Al + NaOH + H2O → BaO + N2O5 →

Na2O + CO2 →
Double Displacement reactions

Two water soluble salts react to give a precipitate. K2O + P2O5 →

AB + CD → AD + CB Na2O + SO2 →

K2O + P2O3 →
AgNO3 + HCl →

Pb(NO3)2 + KI → Basic oxide + Acid

AgNO3 + NaI → Basic oxides react with acids to form salt and water.
Na2O + HNO3 →
AgNO3 + NaOH →
K2O + HBr →
CuCl2 + NaOH →
CaO + HCl →
BaCl2 + H2SO4 →
BaO + H2SO4 →
Neutralization reactions
Acidic oxide + Base

Acids and bases react with each other to form salt and
Acidic oxides react with bases to form salt and
water. (If ammonia reacts as a base, then only salt is
water.
produced.)
CO2 + NaOH →
KOH + HCl →
SO3 + KOH →
NaOH + H2SO4 →
N2O5 + Ca(OH)2 →
LiOH + HNO3 →
P2O5 + Ba(OH)2 →
Ba(OH)2 + HCl →
N2O3 + KOH →
Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 →
CO2 + BaO →
NH3 + HCl →

Acidic oxides and basic oxides are dissolved in water to

Combustion reactions form acids and bases respectively.

Organic compounds are burnt to produce carbon P2O5 + H2O →

dioxide and water.
N2O5 + H2O →
CH4 + O2 →
SO3 + H2O →
C3H8 + O2 →
Na2O + H2O →
C6H12O6 + O2 →
K2O + H2O →
C2H5OH + O2 →
CaO + H2O →
C8H18 + O2 →
BaO + H2O →

22
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Some basic oxides are insoluble in water such as MgO,
CuO, FeO

CuO + H2O →

CuO + HCl →

Amphoteric oxides are insoluble in water but they are

reactive with both acids and bases to form salt and
water.
ZnO + H2O →

ZnO + HCl →

ZnO + NaOH →

Al2O3 + HCl →

Al2O3 + KOH →

Amphoteric bases also can react with acids and bases

to form salt and water.

Zn(OH)2 + KOH →

Zn(OH)2 + HCl →

Al(OH)3 + HCl →

Al(OH)3 + NaOH →

Carbonate and bicarbonate salts can react with acids

and produce carbon dioxide gas, water and salt.

CaCO3 + HCl →

Na2CO3 + HNO3 →

KHCO3 + HCl →

BaCO3 + CH3COOH →

23
 CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS
16. 3×01.1023 molecules of nitrogen and 3.36 L of
Exercises of Advanced Difficulty hydrogen at STP are reacted. How many grams of
ammonia are produced?
Stoichiometric Calculations
17. 18 g of carbon and 8 g of oxygen are reacted to form
1. How many grams of sodium hydroxide are needed to
carbon dioxide. How many grams remain behind?
neutralize 4.9 g of sulfuric acid?
18. Equal volumes of sulfur dioxide and oxygen gases
2. How many liters of hydrogen gas can evolve at STP
are reacted to give 5 liters of sulfur trioxide at the
from the reaction of 5.4 g of aluminum with excess
same conditions. How many liters of which one will
hydrochloric acid solution?
remain unreacted?
3. How many liters and grams of oxygen gas can be
19. Equal weights of sodium and chlorine are reacted to
produced from the electrolysis of 9 g of water at STP?
give 0.1 mole of sodium chloride. How many grams
of which element will remain unreacted?
4. How many liters of oxygen are liberated by heating of
490 g of potassium chlorate at STP?
20. Equal volumes of oxygen and nitrogen monoxide
gases are allowed to form nitrogen dioxide gas at
5. Calculate the volume of air required to burn 4.6 g of
STP. During the reaction there is a decrease of 16
ethyl alcohol at STP.
mL in volume. How many milliliters of nitrogen
dioxide gas are produced at the end of the reaction?
6. What is the volume of carbon dioxide and sulfur
dioxide gases at STP produced from the combustion
Purity Problems
of 304 mL of carbon disulfide ( d=1.25 g/ml )?
21. How many grams of carbon dioxide are released
7. What volume of sulfur dioxide gas at STP is produced when a 53 g of sodium carbonate sample that is 20
from 6.8 g of hydrogen sulfide? % reacts completely with hydrochloric acid?

8. When 710 g of chlorine are reacted with 22 g of 22. A 25 gram sample of iron reacts with 200 g of 14.6
hydrogen, how many grams of hydrochloric acid can % hydrochloric acid solution by mass. Calculate the
be produced at most? percentage of iron in the sample.

9. A 6.35 g of copper is dissolved in 100 g of 26% 23. The reaction of 6 mol of hydrogen with 1.5 mol of
(dilute) nitric acid solution. Find the volume of the nitrogen produces 2.4 mol of ammonia. What is the
formed gas at STP. percent yield of the reaction?

10. There are two beakers on the opposite sides of an 24. How many grams of sodium that is 4 % impure are
equal arm balance. They contain equal amount of required to prepare 3.36 L of hydrogen gas at STP?
hydrochloric acid solution. A 2.975 g of tin is
dissolved in one beaker. How many grams of iron 25. How many liters of oxygen at STP can be liberated
must be dissolved in the other beaker to provide from 1700 g of a solution which is 3 % hydrogen
equilibrium again? peroxide by weight?

11. There are two open beakers that contain equal 26. How many tons of steel that contains 4 % carbon can
masses of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid be obtained from 928 tons of pure magnetite
separately. When 10 g of ammonium chloride are (Fe3O4)?
added to the container containing sodium hydroxide,
27. By heating 126.4 g of potassium permanganate, 6.72
how many grams of magnesium carbonate must be
liters of oxygen were produced at STP. Calculate the
added to the other container containing hydrochloric
efficiency of the reaction. And, determine the
acid in order to provide equilibrium again?
amounts of remaining solids.
12. A solution containing 39.2 g of phosphoric acid is
Consecutive Problems
reacted with 44 g of sodium hydroxide. Find the
amount of formed salt(s). 28. How many grams of oxygen are required to burn the
hydrogen gas obtained from the reaction of 10 g of
Limiting and Excess Reagent calcium with excess water?
13. If 2.8 g of carbon monoxide and 3.2 g of oxygen are
29. How many grams of hydrochloric acid are required to
mixed and reacted to give carbon dioxide, how many
dissolve aluminum oxide prepared by the reaction of
grams of carbon dioxide can be produced at most?
27 g of aluminum and 16 g of oxygen?
14. Equal weights of calcium and oxygen gas are reacted
30. What is the maximum gram of nitric acid that can be
in a closed container to give 112 g of calcium oxide.
produced by starting with 11.2 L of ammonia at STP?
Which element and how many grams will remain
behind?
31. What mass of sulfuric acid will be produced from 100
g sample that is 96 % sulfur by mass?
15. How many grams of water can be produced at most
when 4 g of hydrogen and 8 g of oxygen are reacted?
32. How many grams of phosphoric acid can be
produced at most from 31 g of calcium phosphate?

31
 CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS
33. The hydrogen gas produced by the reaction of a grams of this mixture are reduced, 0.423 g. of water
quantity of aluminum with 500 g of sulfuric acid is obtained. Calculate percentage composition of the
solution is completely used to reduce 144 g copper initial mixture.
from copper (II) oxide. What is the mass percentage
of sulfuric acid in the solution? 47. Calculate how many grams of 10 % sulfur trioxide in
pure sulfuric acid (oleum) and 60 % sulfuric acid
34. By passing 2.46 L of CO2 through the sodium solution are required for the preparation of 480 g of
hydroxide solution, 11.44 g of a mixture of sodium 90 % sulfuric acid solution.
carbonate and bicarbonate is obtained. Find the
percentages in the mixture. Empirical Formula Determination
48. A 2.2 g compound containing carbon and hydrogen
35. Carbon dioxide gas, which is obtained from the
is burned and 3.36 liters of carbon dioxide can be
combustion of 6 g of carbon, is passed through 300
produced at STP. What is the empirical formula of the
mL of 10 % NaOH solution (d = 1.07 g/ml). Calculate
compound?
mass percentage each salt formed in the final
solution.
49. When a 2.3 g compound containing carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen is burned, 4.4 g of carbon
Mixture and Simultaneous Problems
dioxide and 2.7 g of water are produced. Find the
36. When a 50 g alloy of copper and aluminum reacts empirical formula of the compound.
with sufficient amount of hydrochloric acid, 22.4 L of
hydrogen at STP is produced. What is the mass 50. The combustion of 0.25 mole of compound
percentage of copper in the alloy? containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen requires
1.25 mole of oxygen and produces 1 mole of carbon
37. To burn 30 liters of a mixture of methane and dioxide and 1 mole of water. What is the formula of
propane gases, 90 liters of oxygen are needed at the the compound?
same conditions. Calculate the volume of methane in
the mixture. 51. Nicotine is a compound that contains N, C and H
elements. When 121.5 g of pure Nicotine are burnt
38. 11.9 g of an alloy made from aluminum and zinc is with sufficient Oxygen, 330 g CO2, 94.5 g H2O and
reacted with sufficient amount of hydrochloric acid 21 g N2 are produced. Find the empirical and
and 8.96 L of hydrogen at STP is produced. What is molecular formula of Nicotine if its molecular weight
the mass percentage of aluminum in the mixture? is 162 g/mol?

39. A 36 g mixture of magnesium and calcium is reacted Determination of Unknown Element

with bromine at high temperatures. A 212 g mixture
52. When an unknown metal is reacted with 6.72 liters of
of metal bromides is produced. What is the
chlorine, 32.5 g of chloride of the metal can be
percentage composition of the original mixture?
obtained at STP. Find the metal.
40. When 5 moles mixture of carbon and sulfur elements
53. A metal oxide contains 47.06 % oxygen. Find the
is burned, 260 g of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide
oxide. And write its reaction with sodium hydroxide
is formed. What is the mass percentage of carbon in
and hydrochloric acid.
initial mixture?
54. 3.27 g of a metal reacts with silver nitrate solution and
41. A 2.66 g mixture of sodium chloride and potassium
10.8 g of silver metal precipitates. Find the metal.
chloride is reacted with silver nitrate solution, and
we obtain 5.74 g of precipitate. Calculate the mass
55. 13 g of metal is dissolved in diluted nitric acid
percentages of initial mixture.
solution. The formed solution is mixed with excess
alkali solution (base) and 1.12 L of gas form at STP.
42. A 2.33 g mixture of iron and zinc is reacted with an
Find the metal and write the reactions.
acid. As a result of the reaction, 896 ml of gas can be
produced at STP. Find the mass of each metal.
Pressure
43. By heating 273.4 g mixture of potassium chlorate and
1. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide at 27 0C and
potassium permanganate, 49.28 L of oxygen gas can
380 mmHg pressure when 2,1 g of sodium
be produced at STP. Calculate the amounts of salts
bicarbonate reacts with excess hydrochloric acid?
in the mixture.
2. How many liters of ammonia at 0,82 atm and 27 0C
44. We need 89.6 L of oxygen gas to burn 68 g mixture
will be formed when 7 g of lithium nitride reacts with
of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases at STP.
water?
Calculate the mass percentages of the mixture.
3. How many grams of magnesium sample that is 40 %
45. When a 8.5 g of alloy of potassium and sodium is
pure are needed to fill a 44,8 L balloon with
dissolved in water, 3.36 liters of hydrogen gas can be
hydrogen gas at 273 0C and 3 atm pressure?
formed at STP. What are the percentages of
elements in the alloy?
4. If 2,24 L of carbon dioxide gas at 27 0C and 600
mmHg is obtained from 10 g of impure sample of
46. A 2 gram mixture of metallic iron and its oxides (II and
limestone, what is the percentage purity of limestone
III) is reacted with hydrochloric acid. During the
in the sample?
reaction, 224 ml of hydrogen are released. When 2

32
 CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS

18. In a mixture of equal masses of CH4 and O2 gases,

5. When 5 grams of lead (II) nitrate was partially the partial pressure of CH4 is 100 mmHg. What is
decomposed, the volume of gases produced by the the total pressure of the mixture?
reaction was found to be 307 mL measured at 27 0C
and 1 atm pressure. What percent of lead (II) nitrate 19. N2O4(g) → 2NO2(g) In a closed container, when the
was decomposed? 50 % of N2O4 is decomposed and absolute
temperature is increased by two times what will be
6. To dissolve a mixture of 11,5 g of magnesium, copper
the final pressure?
and aluminum, we put them into hydrochloric acid.
In the reaction, 7 L of hydrogen gas are obtained at
0 0C and 0,8 atm. The remaining insoluble part is
passed through concentrated nitric acid solution.
Then, we obtain 4,48 L of gas at STP. Find the mass
percentage of each metal.

7. How many grams of KMnO4 are required to obtain

0,94 [Link] oxygen at 27 0C and 750 mmHg?

8. How many grams of potassium chlorate are needed

to obtain 5 [Link] oxygen at 25 0C and 104,5 kPa?

9. We have two closed containers(equal volumes). In

the first one, we have chlorine and in the second
one, there is the same volume of hydrogen chloride.
(pressures and temperatures are same). If a mixture
consisting of iron and copper is put into first
container, pressure decreases by 55 % and if the
same amount of the mixture is put into the second
tube, pressure decreases by 30 %. Find the mass
percentage of iron and copper mixture.

10. Show that one mole gas occupies 22,4 L at STP.

(you can use ideal gas equation)

11. The density of an unknown gas is 22 according to

hydrogen. Find its molecular weight.

12. The density of an unknown gas is 1,10345 according

to air. Find its molecular weight.

13. The density of an unknown gas is 5,7 g/L at 31 0C

and 2 atm. Find the molecular weight of gas.
14. The volume of a gas is 273 mL at STP. What is the
volume of the same gas at 300 K and 2 atm?

15. How will the pressure change in the synthesis

reaction of ammonia proceeding in the closed
vessel at the constant temperature? The initial
concentrations of nitrogen and hydrogen in the
mixture are 2 and 6 moles respectively. The
equilibrium is reached when 10 % of nitrogen have
been reacted.

16. Into the bottle with volume 1L, containing 100 mL of

the 10 % hydrochloric acid 3,25 g of zinc were
placed. The bottle was immediately closed. What
pressure will be in the bottle after the reaction if the
temperature is constant at 25 0C? (the density
of the acid is 1g/cm3, the initial pressure is po= 1atm,
change of the volume of the liquid and the solid
are not to be considered).

17. When a 10 g sample of calcium is put into excess

water, how many liters of gas will evolve at 0 0C and
2 atm?

33
 SOLUTIONS

15. The solubility of Na2CO3 at 20 °C is equal to 21,8 g

Exercises of Advanced Difficulty in 100 g of the water. What is the mass percentage
of the substance in the saturated solution?
1. 3 The mass percentage of potassium sulfate in an
aqueous solution is 8,44 % at 10 °C. Find the mass 16. By dissolving of 5,38 g of the crystal hydrate zinc
of potassium sulfate in a solution containing 100 g sulphate ZnSO4.xH2O in 92 cm3 of the water, the
of water at the same temperature. solution of zinc sulphate whose mass composition is
0,0331 was obtained. Determine the structure of the
2. 20 g of copper II sulfate penta hydrate are dissolved crystal hydrate (quantity x).
in 100 g of water. Find the mass percentage of salt
in the final solution. 17. By the chemical analysis it was detected that in the
crystal hydrate, obtained with the crystallization of
3. What amount of barium is mixed with 1 L of water to the lithium chloride from the solution, the mass
obtain 2 % barium hydroxide solution by mass? percentage of lithium is 7,19 %. What is the formula
of this crystal hydrate?
4. 25 ml of 20 % hydrochloric acid solution (d=1,1 g/ml)
are added into 4 g of iron (II) sulphide. Find the 18. How many grams of sodium chloride must be
mass percentages of substances in final solution. dissolved in 100 g of 15,5 % NaCl solution in order
to obtain a 17,5 % solution?
5. What mass of BaCl2.2H2O must be added to 100 ml
of 40 % sulfuric acid solution (d= 1,30 g/ml) if we 3
19. 1 L of water was mixed with 250 cm of the nitric acid
obtain a solution in which mass percentage of
solution (mass percentage 50 %, density 1,3
sulfuric acid is 10 %? 3
g/cm ). What is the mass percentage of acid in this
6. 250 g of 5 % aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide solution?
solution are mixed with 34,5 g of sodium oxide. Find
the mass percentage of the substance in resulting 20. What amount of solid sodium hydroxide is required
solution. for the preparation of 50 cm3 of the solution with
concentration 0,15 mol/L?
7. Find the molar concentration of 30 % sulfuric acid
solution (d= 1,22 g/ml). 21. What mass of water must be added to 200 g of 30
% sodium hydroxide solution in order to obtain 6 %
8. How many grams of silver nitrate precipitate if 10 g of sodium hydroxide solution?
of saturated silver nitrate solution at 80 °C, are
cooled to 20 °C? (The solubility of silver nitrate is 22. 74,5 ml of 40 % KOH solution with a density of 1,41
635 g at 80°C and 228 g at 20 °C) g/ml are reqiured for the complete neutralization of
34,5 g of oleum (a mixture of SO3 and H2SO4).
9. If 400 g of potassium sulfate solution that is Calculate the mass composition of oleum.
saturated at 80 °C, are cooled to 20 °C, how
many grams of potassium sulfate precipitate? (The 23. A 1,52 g mixture of carbon dioxide and sulphur
solubility of potassium sulfate is 21,4 g at 80 °C and dioxide is reacted with 33,9 ml of 21,4 % barium
11,1 g at 20 °C). hydroxide solution (d=1,18 g /ml). Then, ppt is
separated. The remaining solution can be
10. What mass of silver nitrate is needed to react with neutralized by 15,4 ml of sulphuric acid that has a
100 g of 5,5 M hydrochloric acid solution (d=1,1 concentration of 1,3 mol/L. Find the mass
g/ml) if nitric acid is 10 % by mass in the final percentage of the mixture and calculate
solution? its volume.
24. A 0,4934 g mixture of potassium bromide and
11. 500 mL of a solution contain 20 g of NaOH. Find the
potassium chloride is put into AgNO3 solution, then
molarity of this solution.
ppt is filtered and zinc is added to ppt’s and 0,5494
g of silver is obtained. Find the mass percentage of
12. The crystal hydrate CoCl2.6H2O with a mass of 476
each substance in the mixture.
g was dissolved in water. The mass percentage of
the cobalt (II) chloride was determined to be 13,15 25. A 5,85 g sample of sodium chloride react with
%. Calculate the mass of the water used in this concentrated sulfuric acid. The obtained gas is
process. passed through 200 ml of 10 % silver nitrate solution
(d=1,1g/ml). After the reaction, how many grams of
13. How many grams of CoCl2.6H2O and water are ppt can form? And, how many grams of silver nitrate
required for preparation of 180 g of cobalt (II) will remain unreacted?
chloride solution with a mass percentage of 5 %?
26. A 1 liter crystal sodium carbonate solution is
14. 5 g of the copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O were prepared by dissolving 27,823 g of crystal sodium
dissolved in water and the volume of the solution carbonate 25 ml of this solution can be neutralized
was increased to 500 cm3. What is the molarity of by 48,8 ml of 0,1 M hydrochloric acid. Find the
copper (II) sulphate in the obtained solution? formula of the crystallized salt.

39
 REDOX and ELECTROLYSIS

12. 20 g of potassium sulphate are dissolved in 150 g of

Exercises of Advanced Difficulty water. Then the solution is electrolyzed. After
electrolysis, the mass percentage of potassium
1. For the reduction of 3.2 g of the metal oxide, 1.344 sulphate becomes 15 % in the solution. What
L of hydrogen is required. By dissolving the obtained volumes of hydrogen and oxygen are obtained as a
result of electrolysis at 20 0C and 101325 Pa?
metal in excess hydrochloric acid, 0.896 L of
hydrogen are released. What metal is it? Write all 13. 11.2 L of hydrogen were obtained in anode when we
reactions. (Volumes are given at STP) electrolyzed 8 g of molten unknown substance.
Determine the formula of substance. Can you
2. A 2 gram mixture of iron and iron oxides (II and III) electrolyze its water solution?
is reacted with hydrochloric acid and 224 mL of
14. How many grams of copper can be obtained after
hydrogen are evolved. When 2 grams of this mixture
passing 5.36 A electrical current through a copper
are reduced, 0.423 g of water is obtained. Find the (II) sulfate penta hydrate solution during 30
mass percentage of the initial mixture. minutes?

3. A 10 g sample of Fe plate is put into a 200 mL of 0.1 15. What is the mass of hydrochloric acid obtained by
M solution of copper (II) sulfate. What will be the the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride
total mass of plate after reaction? solution. If a current of 5A is given to the solution for
2 hours?
4. A 50 g zinc plate is put into copper (II) sulfate. After
16. When 400 g of 8.5 % silver nitrate solution are
a while, the mass of plate becomes 49.82 g. Find
electrolyzed, the mass of solution decreases by 25
the mass of copper (II) sulfate in the solution.
g. At the end of the reaction, what is the
concentration of solution and find the masses of
5. The cupric plate with a mass of 20 g was placed into
substances collected in anode and cathode.
the mercury (II) nitrate solution. Its mass increased
by 2.73 g. Then, the plate was tempered and it came
17. During the electrolysis of a molten chloride of
to its initial form. How did its mass change in this
unknown metal, 6.4 A of current are given for 30
process?
minutes. And, 1.07 g of metal is collected at
cathode. Find the metal.
6. The mass of a metallic plate with a mass of 50 g
decreased by 1.68 % after staying in the
18. A 1000 g of 5 % aqueous solution of NaNO3 is
hydrochloric acid solution. 0.336 L of gas was
electrolyzed and 80 L of gas are collected at 25 0C
evolved with it. From which metal is this plate made?
and 1.24×105 Pa. After electrolysis, find the mass
percentage of salt in final solution.
7. Two plates with equal masses were made from the
same metal (oxidation state is equal to 2). The 19. When water solution of sodium salt of a mono
plates were placed into the solutions of the copper carboxylic acid is electrolyzed, it gives a gas and a
and silver salts with the same concentration. After liquid that contains 84.21 % carbon by mass in
some time they were taken out, dried up and anode. Find the unknown salt and write the
weighed. The mass of the first plate increased by electrolysis reaction.
0.8 %, of the second plate by 16 %. From which
metal are these plates made?

8. Write the following electrolysis reactions by showing

anode and cathode parts.
a) molten potassium chloride b) CuSO4
solution
c) Na2S solution d) NaCl solution

9. How many grams of aluminum and how many liters

of oxygen can at STP be obtained from the
electrolysis of 52 g of molten aluminum oxide? Show
also anode and cathode reactions.

10. When a solution of 17 g of AgNO3 is electrolyzed,

a) Which substance will be collected at cathode? In
what amount?
b) Which substance will be collected at anode? In
what amount?

11. A 1 ampere current is passed through NaCl solution

for one hour. Find the volumes of gases at the anode
and cathode (at STP). How many grams of
NaOH can form?

44