Experimental Design:
The process of purifying contaminated water involves removing
unwanted chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gasses.
A water purification system can help you ensure that the water in your home
has less bad taste and odor. Water purification can not only help reduce
harmful containment but also improve the taste, smell, and visual
appearance of your drinking water. It reduces the amount of chlorine, soil
residue, and organic and inorganic substances.
There are several methods used in the water purification process,
which include: (1) physical processes, such as filtration, sedimentation, or
distillation; Boiling water for an extended period of time is the easiest way to
purify it. Elevated temperatures lead to the dispersal of bacteria and viruses,
therefore cleansing the water of any contaminants. Chemical compounds to
the water disappear as a result. Boiling does not completely remove the
impurities, though, as the dead microorganisms and contaminants sink to
the bottom of the water. To get rid of all the contaminants, you have to
strain the water using a microporous sieve. Distillation is a water purification
process involving collecting the condensed water after evaporation, ensuring
that water is free of contaminants.
(2) biological processes, such as sand filters, active carbon; (3)
chemical processes, such as flocculation, chlorination, the use of ultraviolet
light.
The most reliable type of water filtration that can be found in most
households today is an electric purifier. The purest drinking water is
achieved by a multi-stage process that includes UV and UF filtration, carbon
block, and recent water filtration technology. This removes the majority of
chemicals and contaminants from the water. Water is forced through a
semipermeable membrane by reverse osmosis, which eliminates impurities.
UV Water Purifiers remove harmful contaminants while assisting in the
retention of vital nutrients. Chlorinating water with a light bleach solution
that contains about 5% chlorine is an older method that is usually used in an
emergency. Drinkable water is produced when this mixture acts as an
oxidant and quickly eliminates germs. An alternative to the UV filtration is
solar purification which involves treating water with the ultraviolet radiation
of the sun. The process involves filling a plastic bottle with water, shaking it
to activate the oxygen and leaving it horizontally in the sunlight. This
effectively kills bacteria and viruses present in the water, making it safe for
consumption.
Identification of Independent, Dependent and Controlled Variable:
Independent variables are filter designs and the dependent variable is water quality. If
we put charcoal and soil in our filter then it will remediate the water to make it clean enough to
discharge into an aquatic ecosystem without causing harm to the ecosystem.
Controlled Variable: The bottle that the materials are in, same amount of dirty water,
same amount of materials in dirty water. Responding Variable: The water filter that made the
water the cleanest. The water quality variables can be grouped into the following broad
categories: Basic variables (eg. water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and
discharge) used for a general characterization of water quality what are the materials that are
needed for the water purification solution? A reverse osmosis filter is meant to remove
minerals from water, and a distillation filter can be used to remove bacteria and chemicals from
water. Depending on the type of water contamination, there are many different types of water
filters that can be used to purify water. We can also use natural materials also like, Natural
materials such as carbon, ceramic, and sand are some of the most efficient water filtration
systems to protect against these deleterious effects also, Water purification is the collective
name for a group of processes that make water more suitable for drinking, medical use,
industrial use, and so on. A water purification process is designed to remove or reduce existing
water contaminants to the point where the water is fit for use.
Materials and Equipment Needed:
For boiling these are the materials you need for this method: water, a
pot, a thermometer, a stove or other heat source, a watch or other timer.
The three essential pieces of distillation equipment needed to carry out
the process; Reboiler or Pot – Used to heat the source liquid. Condenser –
The heated vapour is cooled back to a liquid state. Receiver Flask – The
device into which the concentrate/distillate is collected.
The UV water disinfection process utilizes special UV lamps or bulbs
that emit UV light of a particular wavelength. These UV light waves have the
ability, based on their length, to disrupt the DNA of microorganisms. These
UV light waves are referred to as the Germicidal Spectrum or Frequency, the
frequency used in killing micro-organisms is 254 nanometers (nm).