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Excel Data Analysis for MENA Countries

R descriptive Analysis

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Jad Zakaria Elo
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8 views3 pages

Excel Data Analysis for MENA Countries

R descriptive Analysis

Uploaded by

Jad Zakaria Elo
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Practical Exercise

Objective: Introduce students to basic data manipulation values using Excel, with a focus on
distinguishing between different data structures.
Task 1:
1. Download Financial Data:
o Go to the World Bank website: [Link]
o Download data on the following variables for the four countries (Morocco,
Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt):
▪ Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)
▪ GDP per capita (current US$)
o Restructure the data into a time series format for the countries.
2. Descriptive Statistics:
o Calculate the following descriptive statistics for each dataset:
➢ Mean
➢ Standard deviation
➢ Minimum and maximum values
o Perform a comparative analysis between the four countries based on the
mean and standard deviation variables.
Task 2: Percentage Change Calculation
Percentage Change of GDP per Capita:
• Calculate the percentage change in GDP per capita (current US$) for each country
over the available time period.
• Interpret what this change represents in terms of standard of living for each country.
Task 3: Visualization
Evolution of Variables:
• Create visualizations that show the evolution of the following variables for Morocco,
Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt over time:
1. Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)
2. The percentage change in GDP per capita (current US$)
• Use line plots to show the trends for each country on the same graph for comparison.
Interpretation:
• Based on the visualizations, analyze the evolution of these variables over time.
Discuss:
o How domestic credit to the private sector has evolved in relation to
percentage change in GDP per capita (current US$).

Task 4: Perform the descriptive analysis under R

• Importing Panel Data into R


o Method 1: Using the R toolbar (File > Import Dataset > From Excel)
o Method 2: Using the readxl package:
▪ Install the package: [Link]("readxl")
▪ Load the package: library(readxl)
▪ Use the function: read_excel("C:\\path\\to\\[Link]")

• Descriptive Statistics for Panel Data : Calculate the Mean, Standard Deviation,
Minimum, Maximum
Required packages: Command in R:
[Link]("dplyr")
[Link]("summarytools")

library(dplyr)
library(summarytools)

• Explore the Data


# View the structure of the dataset
str(Financial_Data_Example)
# View the first few rows
head(Financial_Data_Example)
# Descriptive Statistics: Assuming 'Financial_Data_Example' is your dataframe
dfSummary(Financial_Data_Example)
summary_df <- dfSummary(Financial_Data_Example)
# Export the descriptive Stataitics into Html format
view(summary_df, file = "[Link]")

Common questions

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Visualizing the evolution of domestic credit to the private sector alongside GDP per capita changes offers tangible insights into economic health and lending trends. For the countries in question, trends might reveal the correlation between credit availability and economic growth. An increase in domestic credit may coincide with enhanced GDP per capita, suggesting robust economic policies or investments. Conversely, mismatches in these trends may highlight inefficiencies, such as over-lending without corresponding economic growth, prompting further analysis into policy and market conditions .

Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, provide a summary of the datasets, highlighting central tendencies and variability. Comparing the mean provides insight into the typical economic performance and credit availability across the countries. Standard deviation reveals the degree of fluctuations around the mean, indicating stability or instability in economic measures. Thus, through these statistics, one can evaluate and compare the economic output and credit access between Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt to determine economic disparities or similarities .

In R, panel data can be imported using the R toolbar or the readxl package. With Method 1, users can import data directly from Excel files through GUI, providing a straightforward approach. Method 2 involves using readxl, which is script-based, offering precision and repeatability of data imports. Upon importing, the dplyr and summarytools packages are used to compute and analyze descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum. These methods allow for efficient data management, ensuring reliability and accuracy in financial analysis through readily available visualization and statistical tools .

Restructuring data into a time series format is essential for analyzing temporal trends and patterns. For Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt, this format organizes data in chronological order, allowing for the assessment of economic changes over time. It helps identify trends, seasonal fluctuations, or any cyclical movement in GDP per capita and domestic credit to the private sector, facilitating a more profound understanding of economic dynamics and policy impact over specific periods .

To calculate the percentage change in GDP per capita for Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt, one must first obtain the GDP per capita data over the desired time period. The percentage change is calculated by taking the difference between the GDP per capita in the last and first year, divided by the GDP per capita of the first year, and then multiplying by 100. This change represents variations in the standard of living, as an increase generally indicates economic growth and improved living conditions, while a decrease may suggest stagnation or deterioration in economic well-being .

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