CHAPTER 05-ENERGETICS

Single Correct Type

1. When an ideal diatomic gas is heated at constant pressure
the fraction of the heat energy supplied which increases the
internal energy of the gas is:
(A) 2/5 (B) 3/5
(C) 3/7 (D) 5/7

2. The enthalpies of neutralization of a weak acid HA and a

weak acid HB by NaOH are 6900 cal/equivalent and 2900
cal/equivalent, respectively. When one equivalent of NaOH
is added to a solution containing one equivalent of HA and
one equivalent of HB the enthalpy change was 3900 cal. In
what ratio is the base distributed between HB and HA?
(A) 1:1 (B) 1:2
(C) 3:1 (D) 1: 5

3. Heat of atomization of PH3 (g) is 228 kcal mol-1 and that of

P2H4 (g) is 355 kcal mol-1. The energy of P – P bond is?
(A)102 kcal mol-1 (B) 51 kcal mol-1
(C)26 kcal mol-1 (D) 204 kcal mol-1

1
4. A thermodynamic process is shown in the following figure.
The pressure and volumes corresponding to some point in
the figure are:
PA  3  104 Pa, PB  8  104 Pa, VA  2  10–3 m3 VD  5  10–3 m3

In the process AB, 600J of heat is added to the system and

in BC, 200J of heat is added to the system. The change in
internal energy of the system in the process AC would be:
P

B C

A D

O V

(A) 560 J (B) 800 J

(C) 600 J (D) 640 J

1
5. H2 (g) 
2
O2 (g) 
 H2O( )

HH  x1, OO  x2 , OH  x3

Latent heat of vapourization of liquid water into water

vapour = x4, then H is f

x2 x2
(A) x 1 
2
 x3  x 4 (B) 2x 3  x1 
2
 x4

x2 x2
(C) x 1 
2
 2x 3  x 4 (D) x1 
2
 2x 3  x 4

2
6. The equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 400K
is 2NOCl  g  2NO  g  Cl 2  g . (Given H  77.2KJmole ;
0 1

S 0  122JK 1 mole 1 log1.95  0.292

(A) K c  1.995  10 4 (B) K c  5.105  10 3

(C) K c  2.5  10 4 (D) 1.95  10 4

7. For the reaction, CH 4  g  Cl 2  g  CH 3Cl  g  HCl  g ; H  25 k cal.

Bond energy of C  H is 20 k cal mole 1 greater than the bond

energy of C  Cl bond. Bond energy of H  H and H  Cl are
same in magnitude. Then H value for the reaction is
1 1
H 2  g   Cl 2  g   HCl  g  is
2 2

(A) [Link] 1 (B) [Link] 1

(C) [Link] 1 (D) [Link] 1

8. The difference between heats of reaction at constant

pressure and constant volume of the following reaction
would be
2C6H6  l  15O2  g   12CO2  g   6H2O l  at 25C in kJ mol1 is

(A) 7.43 (B) +3.72

(C) 3.72 (D) +7.43

3
9. If S  O2  SO2 ; H  298.2 kJ ..............................(i)

1
SO2  O2  SO3 ; H  98.7 kJ ..............................(ii)
2

SO3  H2O  H2SO 4 ; H  130.2 kJ ..........................(iii)

1
H2  O2  H2O; H  227.3 kJ ..............................(iv)
2

The enthalpy of formation of H2SO4 at 298 K will be

(A)  754.4 kJ (B) + 320.5 kJ
(C)  650.3 kJ (D)  433.7 kJ

10. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas at 27°C is subjected

to a reversible isoentropic compression until final
temperature reached to 327°C. If the initial pressure was 1
atm then, find the value of ln p2.
(A) 0.75 atm (B) 2 atm
(C) 2.5 atm (D) 0.5 atm

Multiple Correct Type

11. Enthalpy change for a reaction depends upon
(A) physical state of reactants and products
(B) initial and final concentration
(C) number of steps in the reaction
(D) conditions of reaction

4
12. Two bulbs R and S, connected by a mercury manometer, are
held in a thermostat, as shown below. The volume of R is
twice that of S. R contains as gas X at the same pressure as
the nitrogen in S.

When the thermostat temperature is increased. Which of

the following gases in bulb R would cause the mercury
level in the right hand limb of the manometer to rise?
(A) An equilibrium mixture N g 3H g 2NH g ;
2 2 H 0
3

(B) An equilibrium mixture CH3 NC g CH3CN g ; H 0

(C) An equilibrium mixture N 2 F4 g 2NF2 g ; H 0

(D) An equilibrium mixture A g 2B g ; H 0

13. Select the correct statement(s) regarding phosphoric acid.

Given that ∆fH°(H3PO4) = -1290 kJ mol-1, ∆fH°(H2PO4-) = -
1302 kJ mol-1, S°(H3PO4) = 176 J mol-1K-1, S°(H2PO4-) = 89
J mol-1K-1.
(A) It has a pKa1 of 2.4
(B) pKa2 of phosphoric acid is less than pKa1.
(C) First dissociation of phosphoric acid is exothermic.
(D) First dissociation of phosphoric acid is entropy driven.

5
 Porous plate

(I) (II)
14. T 1 P1 T2 P2

Insulation

The given system is completely thermally insulated. P2 < P1

and T2 < T1 consider molar volume at P1, T1 is V and molar 1

volume at P2, T2 is V . 1 mole of gas is transferred from piston

2

(I) to piston (II) As per the given figure -

(A) work done on the gas in piston (I) is P1 V and work done 1

by the gas in piston (II) is P2 V 2

(B) Net work done, w = P V – P V 1 1 2 2

(C) The given process is constant enthalpic process.

(D) For the given process the change in internal energy, E
0
15. For the three elements P, Q & R, ionization enthalpy (IE)
and electron gain enthalpies (eg H) are given in the
following table -
Element IE in eg H in
kJ/mol kJ/mol
P 1680 –340
Q 1100 –120
R 500 –20

(A) P is the highest electronegative element among P, Q and

R

6
 (B) R is the least electronegative among P, Q & R
(C) Electro negativity of P is approximately equal to 4
(D) R may be chlorine

16. N2 gas is assumed to behave ideally. A given volume of N2

originally at 373 K and 0.1013 MPa pressure is adiabatically
compressed due to which its temperature rises to 673 K.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(A) The change in internal energy is 6235.5 J mol–1
(B) In this case the final internal pressure is equal to the
external pressure
(C) The final pressure of N2 is approximately 0.38 MPa
(D) The final pressure of N2 is approximately 0.02 MPa

17. The work involved in a reversible adiabatic process of

expansion of an ideal gas from P1 and V1 to P2 and V2 is
given by-
(A) W = P V –– 1P V
2 2 1 1

 R / CP 
(B) W = –nCVT1 1 –  PP 2 
 

  1  

(C) W = nCv (T2 – T1)

(D) W = [efficiency of carnot cycle × aabsorbed]

7
18. One mole of an ideal diatomic gas (Cv = 5cal) was
transformed from initial 25°C and 1L to the state when
temperature is 100°C and volume 10L. Then for this process
(R = 2 Calories/mol/K) (take calories as unit of energy and
kelvin for temp )
(A) H = 525
(B) S = 5 ln 373
298
+ 2 ln 10
(C) E = 525
(D) G of the process cannot be calculated using given
information.

19. 180 gm of water are evaporated slowly under isothermal

conditions at 100ºC. Assuming water vapour to behave
ideally (Hv = 2260 J/g) -
(A)U = 375.8 kJ (B) S = 177.5 J/K
(C) G = 0 (D) Q = 406.8 kJ

20. Enthalpy of atomisation of C2H6 (g) and C3H8 (g) are 620
kJ/mol and 880 kJ/mol. Therefore
(A) DC – H is 90 kJ/mol
(B) DC – C is 80 kJ/mol
(C) DC = C is 160 kJ/mol
(D) Enthalpy of atomisation of CH4 is approximately 360
kJ/mol.

8
 Integer Type
21. Bond energies of N – O, N = O, N  N and O = O are 222,
607, 946 and 498 kJ mol–1 respectively. Hf of NO2 is 134
KJ mol–1. What is the resonance energy of NO2 i.e., (O = N
– O) (in kJ/mol)
22. The enthalpies of formation of N2O and NO are 30 and 90
kJ mol-1 respectively. The enthalpy of the reaction is x 
102 kJ
2N2O (g) + O2 (g)   4NO (g)

the value of x is ?
23. AB, A2 and B2 are diatomic molecules. If the bond
enthalpies of A2, AB and B2 are in the ratio 1: 1: 0.5 and the
enthalpy of formation of AB from A2 and B2 is -100 kJ mol-
1
. The bond enthalpy of A2 is X  102 kj/mol, what is the
value of X?
24. 1 mole of an ideal gas is allowed to expand isothermally and
reversibly at 27oC until its volume is tripled. Calculate Ssys
(Give answer approximately).
25. A sample of ideal gas (   1.4 ) is heated at constant pressure if
an amount of 85J of heat is supplied to gas, find U .
26. What is the entropy change for the conversion one gram of
ice to water at 167 K and one atmospheric pressure?
 H  6.025kJmol  .
fusion
1

9
27. A gas occupies 2 liters at STP. It is provided 58.63 joule
heat so that its volume becomes 2.5 litre at 1 atm. Calculate
change in its internal energy. (1 lt atm = 101.3 J)
28. To what pressure a certain volume of Cl originally at 373K
2

and 1bar pressure be adiabatically compressed in order to

raise its temperature to 673k. C / C for Cl is 1.4
P V 2

29. If the pressure and density of a diatomic gas (γ =7/5) in

adiabatic process changes from (P, d) to (P’, d’), where p/p’
is 32 then d’/d is 32x, find x?
30. One mole of a non ideal gas undergoes a change of state
(2.5atm, 4L, 90K) to (5atm,6L, 240K) when a change in
internal energy is 40 Latm. If the change in enthalpy of the
process 10x Latm find x?

10
 SOLUTIONS
Single Correct Type
1. (C)
By first law of Thermodynamics,
U  q  W

At constant pressure,
U  qP  PV

qP  U  PV

Fraction of Heat Energy which increases the Internal Energy

T C
= qU  nC 
nC T C
V V

P P P

For a diatomic gas,

7R 5R
CP  & CV 
2 2
CV 5
Hence, 
CP 7

2. (C)
Let 'x' be the equivalents of NaOH reacted with HA and '1  x '
be the equivalents of NaOH reacted with HB.
Total energy released = Energy released in neutralization of
'x' equivalents of HA+
Energy released in neutralization of
'1  x ' equivalents of HB.

3900  (x)( 6900)  (1  x)( 2900)

3900  6900x  2900  2900x

1000  4000x

11
 1
x
4

Hence, base distributed between HB & HA in a ratio of 3 :

1.

3. (B)
PH3 (g) 
 P(g)  3H(g); H  228 Kcalmol1

Bond Enthalpies of reactants -  Bond Enthalpies of

H  

products
H  H  3 P H 0

228  3 P H

PH  76Kcalmol1

P2H4 (g) 
 2P(g)  4H(g); H  355Kcalmol1

H  1 P P  4  P H 0

355   P P  4  76

P P  51

4. (A)
P

B C

A D

O V

 EAC  EAB  EBC

For AB, Q = 600, w = 0 (as volume is constant), EAB  600

For BC, Q = 200, w  8  104; (5  10–3 – 2  10–3 )  –240 EBC  – 40
(E)AC  600 – 40  560J

12
5. (C)
1
H2 (g)  O2 (g) 
 H2O(g); H1
2
 1 
H1   1 HH  OO   1 2OH 
 2 
x2
H  x1   2x 3
2
H2O(g) 
 H2O( ) ; H2  x 4
1
 H2 (g)  O2 (g) 
 H2O( ) ; H  H1  H2
2
x2
H  x 1   2x 3  x 4
2

6. (D)
Go  Ho  TSo

Go  77.2  1000  400  22

Go  77200  48800

Go  28400Jmol1

As Go  2.303RT log Keq

28400
 log K eq
2.303  8.314  400
Keq  1.95  104

7. (B)
Let E CCl  a ; E HH  E HCl  b

Given E CH  a  20

 H reaction   4E CH  EClCl   3  E CH  E CCl  E HCl 

   
25   4  a  20   EClCl   3  a  20   a  b 

 4a  80  E ClCl  3a  60  a  b  20  b  E ClCl

E ClCl  25  20  b  b  45 

13
 1 1
For the reaction H 2  g   Cl 2  g  
 HCl  g  , H  ?
2 2
1 1 
H   EHH  EClCl   E HCl 
2 2 

1  1
H    b   b  45   b  22.5 k cal
2  2

8. (A)
Heat of reaction at constant pressure, qp  H

Heat of reaction at constant volume, qv  U

H  U  ngRT

qp  qv  ngRT
3  8.314  298
 qp  qv  ngRT   7.4327 kJ mol1
1000

9. (A)
S  O2  SO2 ; H1 ........................(1)

1
SO2  O2  SO3 ; H2 ........................(2)
2

SO3  H2O  H2SO 4 ; H3 ........................(3)

1
H2  O2  H2O; H4 ........................(4)
2

H2  S  2O2  H2O 4 ; Hf H

Enthalpy of formation of sulphuric acid can be obtained by

applying Hess's law on given equations.
f H  H1  H2  H3  H4

f H  754.4kJ

14
10. (A)
nRln
p1
p2
T
 nCp ln 2  0
T1
S = 0
Cp = 5 cal R = 2 cal
 2ln p1  1 5ln 21 = 0
2

2
5 ln
1
= +2 ln p2
5 × 0.7 = 2 ln p2
ln p2 = 1.75

Multiple Correct Type

11. (A, B, D)
(A), (B) and (D) explain: The conditions on which H of a
reaction depends are
(i) Physical state of reactants and products
(ii) Initial and final concentration
(iii) Conditions in which reaction is occurred
Hence choices (A), (B), (D) are correct while (C) is
incorrect.

12. (A, C)
At initial stage, R contains twice as much of gas particle as
S. If this ratio is maintained at different temperatures, the
pressure in R and S will change but they will still be equal
to one another, i.e., the Hg level will not change. Increase
in temperature shifts the reaction backward and in (a) and

15
 forward in (c) which results in increase in pressure thus rise
in right hand manometer.

13. (A, C)
Thermodynamics
H3PO4(aq) H2PO4-(aq) + H+(aq)
∆rH°= ∆fH°(H2PO4-)+∆fH°(H+) -∆fH°(H3PO4) = -1302+0-(-
1290) = -12 kJ mol-1
∆rS° = S°(H2PO4-)+S°(H+) -S°(H3PO4) = 89+0-176 = -87 JK-
1
mol-1
∆rG°= ∆rH°-T∆rS° = -12000+298×87 = 13926 J
2.303RTpKa1 = 13926  pKa1 = 2.44

14. (A,B,C,D)
Work done in piston (I) = P V 1 1

Work done in piston (II) = – P V 2 2

W = P V – P V
1 1 2 2

Since system is completely thermally insulated, hence q=

0
E = W = P1 V – P2 V 0 1 2

or E – E = P1 V – P2 V
2 1 1 2

or E + P2 V = E + P1 V or H = H
2 2 1 1 2 1

Thus entire process is isoenthalpic process

16
15. (A, B, C)
Greater the value of (IE – eg H) greater is the
electronegativity E.N. of
P = (1680 + 340)/(4.18) (125) – 4 ~

16. (A, B, C)
u = Q + W = 0 +  – P ext .dV  – Pext (V2 – V1 )

 CV (T2 – T1) = – Pext.  RT2 RT1 

 – 
P1 
;
 P2

Here Pext = P2
 52 R (673–373) = – 673R +  0373 R 
 P2
.1013  

 P2 = 0.3865 M Pa
u = Cv (T2 – T1) J/mole
= 52 R × (673-373) J/mole
5
= 2
× R × 300 = 52 ×9.314 × 300 J/mole
= 6235.50 J/mole

17. (A, B, C)
u = Q + w  nCv T = 0 + W (In adiabatic process Q =
0)
W = nCV (T2 – T1) ……..(i)
= nR– 1 (T2 – T1) {Since CV =  R– 1 }
= nRT  –– 1nRT
2 1

P2 V2 – P1V1
 –1
……..(ii)
 T2 
Again w = – nCV (T1 – T2) = –nCV 1 –  T1
 T1 

17
  P  –1 /  
 w = –nCVT1 1 –  2
  P1

 

  
 P 
R / Cp 
= – nCVT1 1 –  2
  P1
 

…(iii)
  

18 (A, B, D)
S = nCr In  Tf


 + n R In  Vf



 Ti   Vi 

H = nCv T E = nCv T

G = H –  (TS)

19. (A,C,D)
Qp = Qv + PV = Qv + P(Vv – V)
= Qv + nRT ( Vv < < V)
Qp = 2260 × 18 × 10 = 406.8 kJ
Qv = Qp – nRT = 406.8 – 10 × 8.314 × 10–3 × 373
= 375.8 kJ
S = 406800
373
= 1091 J/k

20. (A,B,D)
DC–C + 6 DC – H = 620 kJ
2DC–C + 8 DC – H = 880 kJ
 2DC–C + 12 DC – H = 1240
2DC–C + 8 DC – H = 880
 4 DC – H = 360
DC – H = 90 kJ/mol

18
 DC – C = 620 – 6 × 90 = 620 – 540 = 80 kJ/mol

Integer Type
21. (8)
Theoretical heat of formation of NO2 142KJ/mol
1
N2 O2 O N O
2

H (Theoretical) = 1
2
946 498 222 607

= 142 kJ / mol
 Resonance Energy = 142 – 134 = 8 kJ / mol.

22. (3)
N2(g) + 1
O2 ( g ) 
 N 2O ( g ) H = 30 kJ . . . . (i)
2
1 1
N 2 ( g )  O2 ( g ) 
 NO( g ) H = 90 kJ . . . . (ii)
2 2

By eq [4  (ii) – 2  (i) ]
2N2O + O2   4NO H = 300 kJ

3  102 kJ
x=3

23. (4)
eA – A = a
eA – B = a
eB – B = 0.5a
Also, 1 A  1 B 2 2 
 AB;
2 2

H = -100 kJ mol-1
19
  H = [eA – B] + 1 [eA – A + eB – B]
2

= a + 1
[a  0.5a]
2

 100 = 0.25 a
 a = 400 kJ mol-1 = 4  102
 X=4

24. (9)
In isothermal reversible process
S = qrev/T
q = W = 2.303RT log(V2/V1)
= 2.303  8.314  300 log 3 = 2740.6 J mol-1
Ssystem 
q rev 2740.6
  9.135 JK 1mol1 9
T 300

25. (5)
 = 1.4
5 7
CV  R CP  R
2 2

H  85 Joule at constant pressure

85 140  2 40
T   
nCp 7n  R n
40
Now, w   nRT   n  2   80J
n
q P  H  U   W 

U  H  W  85  80  5J

20
26. (2)
–1
Hfusion  6.025 1000 J mol
6025
 J / g 1  334.72Jg 1
18
H fusion 334.72
Sfusion    2Jk 1g 1
Tf 167K

27. (8)
w  Pdv
 1  2.5  2.0 

=–0.5 litre-atm
0.5 1.987  4.184
  50.63J
0.0821
Work is carried out of constant P and thus irreversible
From 1st law of thermodynamics
q  U  w

58.63  U  50.63
U  8joule

28. (9)
  1  /  1  /  1 1.4/1.4 1
 T2   P2  P T  T   673k 
     2  2   P2  P1  2   1bar    7.88bar
 T1   P1  P1  T1   T1   373k 

29. (4)
P Vγ = constant => (P/P’) x (V/V’) γ = 1 => (P/P’) = (V’/V)
γ

 (P/P’) =(d/d’) γ (Since V  1/d)

 (d’/d) = (1/32) –γ = (1/32)–1.4 = 128 = 32x
21
  x=4

30. (6)
H = U + (PV)
 H = 40 + (P2V2 – P1V1)

= 40 + (5 x 6 – 2.5 x 4)
= 40 +20 = 60 = 10x
 x=6

22