PRACTICE TEST 8

[Link]:

Part [Link] will hear two students, Bella and Tom, discussing an article they have read about a woman astronaut. For questions 1-5, decide whether the following statements are
True (T) or False (F). (1 points)
1. The speakers agree that being an astronaut is an unexpected job for woman.
2. Bella particularly admires the astronaut Ellen Ochoa because of her determination to fulfil a childhood dream.
3. Tom was surprised to learn that people who want to become astronauts should have experience as aeroplane pilots.
4. Bella thinks the most interesting part of Ellen’s life is coping with unexpected problems.
5. Tom and Bella both now decide to go to some talks on space travel in films and literature.
Your answers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2. You will hear part of a psychologist being interviewed about friendship. Choose the answer (A, B C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. (1 point)
1. From three to five years old, children ________
A. are happy to play alone.
B. prefer to be with their family.
C. have rather selfish relationships
D. have little idea of ownership.
2. From age five to eight or ten, children ________
A. change their friends more often.
B. decide who they want to be friends with.
C. admire people who don’t keep to rules.
D. learn to be tolerant of their friends.
3. According to Sarah Browne, adolescents ________
A. may be closer to their friends than to their parents.
B. develop an interest in friends of the opposite sex.
C. choose friends with similar personalities to themselves.
D. want friends who are dependable.
4. Young married couple ________
A. tend to focus on their chidren.
B. often lose touch with their friends.
C. make close friends less easily.
D. need fewer friends than single people.
5. In middle or old age people generally prefer ________
A. to stay in touch with old friends.
B. to see younger friends more often.
C. to have friends who live nearby.
D. to spend more time with their friends.
Your answers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 3: You will hear a part of an interview with a man called Ewan Richardson, who is trying to persuade people to use less paper. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences
with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (2 points)
1. Every year, the average UK citizen uses about ________ of paper.
2. Most of the world’s paper comes from very _______ forests.
3. The production of paper causes terrible ________ in some places.
4. The destruction of the forests is a much bigger cause of global warming than ________
5. Ewan says that there are already paper recycling bins in many ________
6. You can use less paper by avoiding unnecessary ________ when you are studying or working.
7. You can often reuse________ that you have received.
8. To receive less junk mail, don’t ask for _______ when you buy something.
9. Stop receiving any magazines you don’t always read, or________ them with others.
10. Most ________ published in Britain are now printed on recycled paper.
Your answers:

1. 3. 5. 7. 9.
 2. 4. 6. 8. 10.

II. LEXICO- GRAMMAR

Part 1
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. I don’t think you have been watering the plants near the gate. The soil is _____.
A. as dry as rice B. as dry as a tile
C. as dry as a bone D. as dry as wood
2. They are happily married although, of course, they argue _____.
A. every now and then B. from day to day
C. most times D. on the occasion
3. Mr. Jones knew who had won the contest, but he kept it under his _____ until it was announced publicly.
A. cap B. tongue C. hat D. umbrella
4. The professor’s _____ theory is that singing preceded speech.
A. fancied B. fond C. preferable D. pet
5. I'll have to go to the wedding of Ms. Jane, a _____ of mine.
A. heart to heart B. body and soul
C. flesh and blood D. skin and bones
6. If he tries to _____ ignorance as his excuse, just tell him we’ve got a copy of the authorization with his signature on it.
A. defend B. plead C. pretend D. protest
7. I know you are upset about breaking up with Tom, but there are plenty more _____.
A. horses in the stable B. cows in the shed
C. tigers in the jungle D. fish in the sea
8. James never remembers anything; he’s got a memory like _____.
A. a cow B. a mouse C. a sieve D. a bucket
9. He travelled _____ for twenty years and then he decided to return home.
A. far from it B. the farthest of all
C. far and wide D. farther away
10. Indicate the most suitable response to complete the following exchange
- Nadine “I’ve been offered $550 for my stereo. Should I take it or wait a better one?”
- Kitty: “Take the $550. _____.”
A. Actions speak louder than words
B. Kill two birds with one stone
C. The early bird catches the worm
D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
Part 2. (0.5 point): Fill in each blank with ONE suitable particle or preposition to make a correct sentence. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Choose the best
options to complete the following sentences.
1. The free tickets for the band’s concert were snapped_______ within seconds by the enthusiasts flocking at the hall door.
2. The whole business sounds too irrational to me to risk running______________ all my life savings.
3. Our grandfather can harp______________ his war experiences all day round. Sometimes, we all get truly bored with it.
4. ‘Do you think Robert is a good candidate for the job?’ ‘ Well, I have known the boy for many years and I can vouch______________ his great capacity for solving complex
questions.’
5. The photo’s got a couple of marks on it, so I’ll scan it and touch it __________ with some software I’ve got.
Part 3. (0.5 point): Each sentence below has four underlined parts, one of which is NOT CORRECT. Circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the incorrect ones.
1. In addition to traditional treatment such as strawberry shortcake, strawberry jam, strawberry tarts and

A B

strawberries dipped in chocolate, there is strawberry pizza.

C D

2. The professor's lecture on quantum physics was disrupted by the continual interruptions

A B

from the rowdy students, which made it difficult for the other attendees to fully comprehend the

C D

complex concepts.
 3. It is essential to provide high school students with adequate career orientation, so they can make more
A B
informative decisions about their future major.
C D
4. If a plastic bag reused in the home as the garbage bag in a bathroom waste bin, does that reduce its
A B
carbon footprint by eliminating the need for another small plastic garbage bag?
C D
5. More and more colleges and universities are developing comprehensible diversity plans to guide
A B C
changes in campus policies and procedures.
D

Line Mistake Correction

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Part 4. (1.0 point): Use the word given in capitals in brackets to form a new word that fits the gap. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1. A "masculine" boy should be strong, , aggressive, and competitive. ( EMOTION)

2. predict that life will probably be very different in 2050 in all the fields, from entertainment to technology.( FUTURE)
3. The organization's strategical initiatives and their effective have positioned it as an industry leader.( IMPLE-

MENT)

4. The actor's on stage captivated the audience throughout the performance. (EXPRESS)

5. The employee's behavior towards colleagues led to tension within the workplace. (RESPECT)

III. READING

Part 1: For questions 1–10, read the following passages and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Write your answers (A, B, C, or D) in corresponding
numbered boxes. (1pt)
Does wealth have anything to do with how (1) _____ and generous a person is? Can we (2) _____ greater generosity to the better off in society? And are people stingier the less (3)
_____ they are? Research by psychologists in the UK and the US has revealed that, on the contrary, when it comes to charity and (4) _____, it seems that poverty brings out the (5)
_____ in people. They found that although the wealthiest gave more in absolute terms, they gave less as a proportion of their income. While the poorest appear to give over three per
cent of their monthly income to good causes, the richest are giving less than two per cent. But the (6) _____ classes aren’t only more (7) _____, they also
seem to be less thoughtful and kind. An experiment to find out which cars were most likely to stop for a pedestrian at a zebra crossing revealed that the grander and more expensive
the car, the less (8) _____ the driver was to stop. Does this mean that the more privileged you are, the more (9) _____ you feel, in this case to get there more quickly without having to
stop for others? But it isn’t all bad news for the well-to-do when it comes to generosity. There are many great (10) _____ who are prepared to give away their fortunes to the more
vulnerable in society, and it has been found that the rich are more likely to do voluntary work than the poor.
1 A prosperous B vulnerable C affluent D empathetic
2 A attach B bring about C attribute D credit
3 A well-heeled B well-kept C opulent D shady
4 A affluence B miserliness C compassion D want
5 A best B worst C most D least
6 A wanting B moneyed C thrifty D cautious
7 A thick-skinned B impassive C impartial D tight-fisted
8 A likely B often C possible D expected
9 A entitled B essential C indispensable D critical
10 A misanthropes B sponsors C philanthropists D donors
Part 2: Read the text below and think of one word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (1
pt)
Busy, busy, busy
With obesity having shot up across the globe to dangerously high levels in recent years, it is litle wonded that people have started to ask why. True, (1)______ have changed; we all
know that we live in a McWorld, hunting and gathering our food from fast-food outlets and supermarket aisles, but it can’t all be down to diet, can it?
Technology has changed modern life to such an extent that few aspects of life today bear any (2)______ to lives only a couple of generations ago. Just taking fobs as an example, how
many of us today spend twelve hours a day on our feet physically slogging ourselves (3)______ the ground? Or how many families could you imagine living without a car? Kids
 walking to school, parents going to half a (4)______ local shops, on foot, to buy the week’s food, family holidays by bus to the nearest seaside town. Take Tina Jameson, a mother of
two (5)______ has to juggle home and a part-time job. She says ‘I have’t got time to walk annywhere. But I’d have even (6)______ time without a washing machine or dishwasher’.
We now have so many (7)______ in our lives that allow us such drastically better lifestyle choices that at times it can be difficult to picture these in a negative way.
Without doubt there are (8)______ to these changes. The number of people who suffer debilitaing injuries at work is miniscule in comparison to the past. Fewer hours working and
more efficient transport are all (9)______ our benefit in allowing us a greater amount of leisure time. At what cost though? We may save a few hours day travelling and enjoy less
physically demanding working conditons, but is this really (10)_____ it when the cost to our health and life expectancy is so high? Modern lifestyles have become shockingly
sedentary and incombinaton with the deterioration in diet this is surely creating a ticking time bomb for modern humanity.
Your answers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3
Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (1.5 pts)
Paragraph Decisions
In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for
implementation. []4A. Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one who actually chooses the final option, in conjunction with a decision unit,
all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process. []4B. In this theoretical model, the members of the decision
unit react to an unidentified problem by studying the problem, determining the objectives of the organization, formulating options, evaluating the
strengths and weaknesses of each of the options, and reaching a conclusion. []4C. Many different factors can have an effect on the decision,
including the nature of the problem itself, external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal dynamics of the decision unit, and the
personality of the decision maker. []4D
During recent years, decision making has been studied systematically by drawing from such diverse areas of study as psychology, sociology,
business, government, history, mathematics, and statistics. Analyses of decisions often emphasize one of three principal conceptual perspectives
(though often the approach that is actually employed is somewhat eclectic).
In the oldest of the three approaches, decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully in response
to a specific threat from the external environment. It is assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives in mind, develops numerous reasonable
options, considers the advantages and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after careful analysis, and then proceeds to
implement it fully. A variation of the rational actor model is a decision maker who is a satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather
than continuing the decision-making process until the optimal decision has been reached.
A second perspective places an emphasis on the impact of routines on decisions within organizations. It demonstrates how organizational structures
and routines such as standard operating procedures tend to limit the decision-making process in a variety of ways, perhaps by restricting the
information available to the decision unit, by restricting the breadth of options among which the decision unit may choose, or by inhibiting the ability
of the organization to implement the decision quickly and effectively once it has been taken. Pre-planned routines and standard operating procedures
are essential to coordinate the efforts of large numbers of people in massive organizations. However, these same routines and procedures can also have
an inhibiting effect on the ability of the organization to arrive at optimal decisions and implement them efficiently. In this sort of decision-making
process, organizations tend to take not the optimal decision but the decision that best fits within the permitted operating parameters outlined by the
organization.
A third conceptual perspective emphasizes the internal dynamics of the decision unit and the extent to which decisions are based on political forces
within the organization. This perspective demonstrates how bargaining among individuals who have different interests and motives and varying levels
of power in the decision unit lead to eventual compromise that is not the preferred choice of any of the members of the decision unit.
Each of these three perspectives on the decision-making process demonstrates a different point of view on decision making, a different lens through
which the decision-making process can be observed. It is safe to say that decision making in most organizations shows marked influences from each
perspective; i.e., an organization strives to get as close as possible to the rational model in its decisions, yet the internal routines and dynamics of the
organization come into play in the decision.
1. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the theoretical decision-making process
A. involves only the decision maker
B. requires the contemplation of numerous options.
C. is made without the decision unit
D. does not work in real situations
2. The phrase in conjunction with in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
A. along with B. tied to C. apart from D. connected to
3. All of the following are listed in paragraph 1 as having an effect on decisions EXCEPT
A. evaluation of the problem B. focus on objectives
C. generation of options D. open-ended discussions
4. Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage
Additionally, when a decision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events are progressing can have an effect, often a negative one, on the decision
process.
5. The word eclectic in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. bizarre B. personal C. mixed D. organized
6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that a rational actor would be least likely to
A. deal with a specific threat B. work in a random fashion
C. ponder various options D. consider disadvantages of options
7. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to
A. each option B. the best option C. careful analysis D. variation
8. Why does the author mention a satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather than continuing the decision-making process until the optimal decision has been
reached in paragraph 3?
A. A satisfier shows contrasting behavior to a rational actor.
B. A satisfier exhibits more common behavior than a rational actor.
C. A satisfier is the predecessor of a rational actor.
D. A satisfier shares some characteristics with a rational actor.
9. According to paragraph 5, what is the end result of political bargaining within an organization?
A. No decision is ever reached.
B. Differing interests and motives are changed.
C. No one is completely satisfied with the final outcome.
D. The members of the decision unit leave the unit.
10. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out
essential information.
A. Set routines within organizations tend to constrain decisions.
B. The restriction of information limits the number of options in a decision.
C. Organizations need to set up strict procedures to maximize the effectiveness of decisions.
D. Procedures are needed to ensure that decisions are implemented quickly and effectively.
Your answers

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4. Read the passage and answer the questions from 1-10 (1.5 pts)
TACKLING OBESITY IN THE WESTERN WORLD
A. Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which now attracts considerable medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a cure for the
common condition of being seriously overweight. However, rather than take responsibility for their weight, obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow
metabolism, a genetic hiccup which sentences more than half the Australian population (63% of men and 47% of women) to a life of battling with their weight. The argument goes
like this: it doesn’t matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal metabolic
rate.
B. “This is nonsense,” says Dr Susan Jebb from the Dunn Nutrition Unit at Cambridge in England. Despite the persistence of this metabolism myth, science has known for
several years that the exact opposite is in fact true. Fat people have faster metabolisms than thin people. “What is very clear,” says Dr Jebb, “ is that overweight people actually burn
off more energy. They have more cells, bigger hearts, bigger lungs and they all need more energy just to keep going.”
C. It took only one night, spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their patients of the beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow. By sealing
the room and measuring the exact amount of oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her that her metabolism was not the culprit. It wasn’t the answer they expected and
probably not the one she wanted but she took the news philosophically.
D. Although the metabolism myth has been completely disproved, science has far from discounted our genes as responsible for making us whatever weight we are, fat or
thin. One of the world’s leading obesity researchers, geneticist Professor Stephen O’Rahilly, goes so far as to say we are on the threshold of a complete change in the way we view not
only morbid obesity, but aslo everyday overweight. Prof.O’Rahilly’s groundbreaking work in Cambridge has proven that obesity can be caused by our genes. “These people are not
weak-will, slothful or lazy,” says Pro.O’Rahilly, “They have a medical condition due to genetic defect and that causes them to be obese.”
E. In Australia, the University of Sydney’s Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic defects may be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that
combine to dictate weight and are responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of exercise we do and the amount of energy we need. When you add up all these little
variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed to putting on weight. He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled, that doesn’t mean
some other subtle changes in the metabolism gene won’t be found in overweight people. He is confident that science will, eventually, be able to “cure” some forms of obesity but the
only effective way for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is a change of diet and an increase in exercise.
F. Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend trying to lose weight and the $830 million it costs the community in health care, obesity is at epidemic proportions
here, as it is in all Western nations. Until recently, research and treatment for obesity had concentrated on behaviour modification, drugs to decrease appetite and surgery. How the
drugs worked was often not understood and many caused severe side effects and even death in some patients. Surgery for obesity has also claimed many lives.
Questions 1-5: Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph. Write the appropriate numbers (i-ix) in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
 i. Obesity in animals Paragraph A x
ii. Hidden dangers 1. Paragraph B
iii. Proof of the truth 2. Paragraph C
iv. New perspective on the horizon 3. Paragraph D
v. No known treatment 4. Paragraph E
vi. Expert explains energy requirements of obese people 5. Paragraph F
vii. Nature or nurture
viii. Shifting the blame
ix. Lifestyle change required despite new findings
Questions 6-10
Complete the summary below, using the words from the box provided.
OBESITY
People with a weight problem often try to deny responsibility. They do this by seeking to blame their 6. ________ for the fact that they are overweight and erroneously believe that
they use 7. ________ energy than thin people to stay alive. However, recent research has shown that a 8.________ problem can be responsible for obesity as some people seem
programmed to 9.________ more than others. The new research points to a shift from trying to change people’s 10.________ to seeking an answer to the problem in the laboratory.
List of words

weight exercise sleep

mind bodies exercise
metabolism more genetic
less physical consume
behaviour use mental

Part 5
You are going to read about four independent jewellery designers. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections of the article (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than
once.
Which designer …
1 is concerned about the sourcing of her materials?
2 is claimed to have the wrong attitude to business?
3 uses the same combination of metals and precious stones in each piece of jewellery?
4 creates designs that feature different versions of the same symbol?
5 intends her jewellery to stand the test of time?
6 designs pieces to reflect her beliefs that everything is linked by patterns?
7 uses inspirations from experiences when she was young?
8 makes jewellery that is easily attributable to her?
9 does not work exclusively on making jewellery?
10 was originally inspired by a social connection?
Shining lights
A Emma Franklin
‘It has always been about animals,’ Emma Franklin says. ‘My friend’s grandmother had an amazing stag brooch with huge antlers and that’s where it started. Everyone has a
relationship with an animal in my collection.’ Franklin has focused on jewellery design since her teens and graduated from Central Saint Martins in 2005, setting up her own business
immediately. Based in east London, Franklin, twenty-nine, hand-makes each necklace, bangle, ring, cuff link and pin, featuring any of fourteen animal heads, from a pig to a
triceratops, as well as a shotgun. All her pieces are made in solid silver, plated in twenty-two-carat yellow gold or black rhodium,with black diamonds and freshwater pearls. Bespoke
commissions, predominantly engagement rings, not all animal-related, are becoming more frequent. Franklin’s robust designs are instantly recognisable, as she has discovered.
‘Recently in a pub this girl was wearing one of my rings at the bar, so I introduced myself. She was completely star-struck and fetched over her dad, who had bought it for her. I had to
explain that it was really me who was excited.’
В Alexandra Jefford
‘My design style constantly evolves,’ Alexandra Jefford says. ‘But even though I try new things, I can’t kick my art background. I’m really inspired by art, architecture, design,
furniture design.’ Jefford, forty-two, graduated in 1992 with a degree in fine art, began designing jewellery in 2003 and sold her first piece, a gold ring, on its first outing, at dinner
with a friend. Her designs, produced on a project-by-project basis rather than as collections, include her signature Alphabet series for which she designed a slim font. Her recent О
project interprets that letter in various typefaces. She combines jewellery design with other artistic pursuits such as sculptural welding and life drawing. Fans range from her
daughter’s friends to her mother’s friends, although she doesn’t always want to sell. ‘I become emotionally involved with all my pieces, so I find it really hard to let go. There are still
some pieces that I hide “for the family museum”. My husband says that I work as a shopper rather than a seller.’
C Hattie Rickards
Hattie Rickards’ first collection of twelve rings, entitled Revealed, was launched last November and was an instant success. Her second, Geo, came out last month to even greater
acclaim. ‘The ethos behind Geo is connection and relationships, bringing tessellating or geometrical shapes together making one, for example, the Kindredring, where two puzzle
pieces fit neatly together.’ Hampshire-born Rickards, set up on her own last year. ‘I wanted to create a high-end, luxury jewellery brand with an ethical backbone, which coincided
with a gap in the market.’ All Hattie Rickards’ jewellery is made using Fairtrade precious stones from Thailand and India and eighteen-carat, Fairtrade, fair-mined gold from
Colombia. HRJ is one of the first twenty companies to become a certified user of this type of gold, many of its pieces having the premium ‘ecological’ label. There are no plans for e-
commerce, as Rickards believes this detracts from the meaning behind the piece. ‘I am passionate that people understand the symbolism behind my work. I don’t want it to just be a
ring on a website. The story is so important.’
D Mawi Keivom
Mawi Keivom, thirty-nine, is known for her architectural statement jewellery: chunky box chains with coloured pearls, spiked gold rings and brightly-coloured gems. Born in the
north-east of India, forty miles from the Burmese border, into the Mahr tribe, Keivom draws her influences from a peripatetic childhood with her diplomat parents that took them to
Africa, the Middle East, south-east Asia and Europe. Keivom studied fashion design in New Zealand, then, after a stint in New York, moved to London in 1993, where she met her
husband, Tim Awan, and together they set up Mawi in 2001 – she as the jewellery designer, he as the business brain. ‘My style of jewellery is very individual and not for the faint-
hearted. I have a very strong vision that translates into an industrial, graphic aesthetic offset with crystals and pearls that are a little bit feminine. I don’t try to do something that is for
the moment. My pieces are classics in their own right, not trend-specific
IV. WRITING (6.0 points)
Part 1. (1.0 point): Read the following text and use your own words to summarize it in a paragraph of about 90 words. You MUST NOT copy or re-write the original

The landscape of education is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by technological advancements and shifting societal needs. Gone are the days of rigid, one-size-fits-all
learning models. Today, education is becoming increasingly personalized and accessible, thanks to the proliferation of online platforms, mobile devices, and innovative teaching meth-
ods.

One of the most significant trends in education is the diversification of learning formats. Traditional classroom-based instruction is still prevalent, but it is being complemented by a
wide range of alternative options. Online courses, for example, offer flexibility and convenience, allowing learners to study at their own pace and from anywhere in the world. Mi-
crolearning, which involves short, focused learning experiences, has gained popularity as people seek to acquire new skills quickly and efficiently. Additionally, gamification and sim-
ulation-based learning have been incorporated into educational programs to make learning more engaging and interactive.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of these diverse learning formats. As schools and universities were forced to close their doors, educators and students had to
quickly adapt to remote learning. This experience has highlighted the potential of technology to transform education and has made online learning a more accepted and viable option
for many.

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Part 3. (3.0 points): Write an essay of about 250 words on the following topic.
Learning with AI: A Boon or a Bane?
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
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