Branching (Selection)
Decision making statements
Chapter 04
IT1134
Problem: Read two numbers and print the bigger number.
Input: Two numbers A,B
Output: Bigger
Variables: A,B
Algorithm
STEP 1: START
STEP 2: READ A,B
STEP 3: IF A>B THEN
PRINT A
ELSE
PRINT B
ENDIF
STEP 4: END
Example1: Write an algorithm that reads two values,
determines the largest value and the smallest value.
Example 3: Draw a flowchart to find the largest of three
numbers A, B, and C (not using and).
Decision making statements
C++ Statements
• A simple C++ statement is each of the individual
instructions of a program, like the variable declarations
and assignment statements. They always end with a
semicolon (;), and are executed in the same order in
which they appear in a program.
• A compound statement is a group of statements (each
of them terminated by its own semicolon), but all grouped
together in a block, enclosed in curly braces: {}:{
statement1; statement2; statement3; }
if Statements
An if statement is a construct that enables a program to specify
alternative path of execution.
if statement executes an action if and only if the condition
is true. The syntax for a one-way if statement is shown here:
if (boolean-expression)
{
statement(s);
}
The boolean-expression is enclosed in parentheses
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int a= 20;
if( a < 20 ) {
cout<< "a is less than 20" <<endl;
}
if( a > 20 ) {
cout<< "a is greater than 20" <<endl;
}
if( a == 20 ) {
cout<< "a is equal to 20" <<endl;
}
return 0;
}
if-else Statements
if (boolean-expression)
{
statement(s)-for-the-true-case;
}
else
{
statement(s)-for-the-false-case;
}
if( a < 20 ) {
cout<< "a is less than 20" <<endl;
}
else {
cout<< "a is greater than or equal to 20" <<endl;
}
Nested if-else Statements
The if...else statement executes two different codes depending upon whether the test
expression is true or false. Sometimes, a choice has to be made from more than 2
possibilities. The nested if...else statement allows you to check for multiple test
expressions and execute different codes for more than two conditions.
if (testExpression1)
{
// statements to be executed if testExpression1 is true
}
else if(testExpression2)
{
// statements to be executed if testExpression1 is false and testExpression2 is true
}
else if (testExpression 3)
{
// statements to be executed if testExpression1 and testExpression2 is false
and testExpression3 is true
}..
else
{
// statements to be executed if all test expressions are
false
}
#include <iostream>using namespace std;
int main()
{
int number;
cout << "Enter an integer: ";
cin >> number;
if (number > 0)
{
cout << "You entered a positive integer: " << number << endl;
}
else if (number < 0)
{ cout<<"You entered a negative integer: " << number << endl;
}
else
{ cout << "You entered 0." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
switch … case Statements
1 #include <iostream>
2 using namespace std;
3 int main ()
4 {
5 char grade;
6 cout<<"Input your grade for IT1144:";
7 cin>>grade;
8 switch(grade)
9 {
10 case 'A’ :
11 cout << "Excellent! Your Grade is " << grade<<endl;
12 break;
13 case 'B’ :
14 cout << "Well Done! Your Grade is " << grade<<endl;
15 break;
16 case 'C’ :
17 cout << "Well Done! Your Grade is " << grade<<endl;
18 break;
19 case 'D’ :
20 cout << "You Passed! Your Grade is " << grade<<endl;
21 break;
22 case 'F’ :
23 cout << "Better try again! Your Grade is " <<grade<<endl;
24 break;
25 default :
26 cout << "Invalid grade" << endl;
27 }
28
29 return 0;
30 }
Switch … case statement
Switch … case statement
Switch … case statement
switch(i) {
case 'M':
case 'm':
cout<<"Individual is married "<<endl;
break;
case 'D':
case 'd':
cout<<"Individual is divorced"<<endl;
break;
case 'W':
case 'w':
cout<<"Individual is widowed "<<endl;
break;
default:
cout<<"Default "<<endl;
}