STAGNATION PRESSURE

Stagnation Point, Ps

Total Pressure or impact pressure

From Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible flow

1 2
P+ ρ V =Constant
2
1 2 1 2
P1 + ρ V 1=Ps + ρ V s
2 2
At stagnation point, air velocity reduces to zero
Therefore, V s =0
1 2 1
P1 + ρ V 1=Ps + ρ ¿
2 2
1 2
P1 + ρ V 1=Ps
2

Stagnation pressure ( total Pressure) = sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure.

Example Problem 1
An airplane is flying at sea level condition at an airspeed of 60 m/s. what is difference
between the impact and static pressure?, what if the same airplane is at altitude of 4000
m?
Given: SSLC
Velocity = 60 m/s
Reqd: Ps – P1 =???
Solution:
 1 2
P1 + ρ V 1=Ps
2
1 2
ρ V 1=Ps −P1
2

( )( )
2
1 kg m
1.2256 (60 ) =¿ Ps −P1
2 cum s

Ps −P1 = 2206.08 Pa. ANSWER

If stagnation pressure is required:

Ps =¿ 2206.08 Pa + P1

Ps =¿ 2206.08 Pa + 101325 Pa

Ps =103531.08 Pa Answer

b) At 4000 m altitude
T = To + ah
T = 288 K + ( -0.0065 K/m)( 4000m)
T = 262 K

[ ] [ ]
4.26
ρ1 T1 262 K
4.26
= =
ρo To 288 K

ρ1
= 0.668
ρo
ρ1=¿ 0.668 ρo

ρ1=¿ 0.668 ¿)

kg
ρ1=0.819
cum
1 2
ρ V 1=Ps −P1
2
1
2(0.819
kg
cum )
(60 m/s)2=P s−P1

Ps −P1=1474. 20 Pa .

Example Problem 2
An airplane is flying at 4000 m altitude. The difference between the impact and static
pressure is 101 Pa. What is the airplane’s airspeed?
Given: h = 4000 m
Ps-P1 = 101 Pa
Reqd: V1 ( airplane airspeed)
Solution:
1 2
ρ V 1=Ps −P1
2
P s−P1
2
V = 1
1
ρ
2

[ ]
1/ 2
P s−P1
21/ 2
V1 = 1
ρ
2

[ ]
1 /2
P s−P1
V 1=
1
ρ
2

√
(P ¿ ¿ s−P1)
V 1=
1
2
ρ √
¿ = 2(P ¿ ¿ s−P1 )
ρ
¿

√ √
2(101 Pa)
2(P ¿ ¿ s−P1 )
V 1= ¿= kg
ρ 0.819
cum
V 1=15.70 m/ s answer
 90- 30 = 60°

Ps =87025.26 Pa.
30 °
30 °
60 deg

Ps =87025.26 Pa.

GIVEN:

Airplane airspeed= 350 mph at 8,000 ft altitude

Determine the maximum perpendicular pressure acting on windshield.

V = 350 mph = 350x 5280/3600 = 513.33 ft/s = 156.50 m/s

8000 ft. = 2438.4 m
T = To + ah
T = 288 K + (-0.0065K/m)( 2438.4 m)
T = 272.15K
 [ ] [ ]
4.26
ρ1 T1 272.15 K
4.26
= =
ρo To 288 K

ρ1=0.963 kg/cum

[ ] [ ]
5.26
P1 T1 272.15 K
5.26
= =
Po To 288 K

P1=75232.24 Pa

1 2
P1 + ρ V 1=Ps
2
1 kg 2
Ps =75232.24 Pa+ (0.963 )(156.50 m/s )
2 cum
Ps =87025.26 Pa.

From the airplane drawing above and triangular illustration below

87 , 025.26 Pa
Cosine 60 deg =
Max Perpendicular Pressure
87 , 025.26 Pa
Max Perpendicular Pressure =
Cosine 60 deg
Max Perpendicular Pressure = 174, 050.52 Pa. Answer

Max Perpendicular Pressure

60 deg

Ps =87025.26 Pa.

Assignment:
Research 5 Airplanes ( 4-6 seaters, reciprocating engines or turbo prop engines).
From their specifications, find the Maximum Airspeeds and Service Ceilings.
Calculate their maximum perpendicular pressures acting on airplane’s windshields.

Requirements:
1. Side view pictures of selected 5 airplanes with their Maximum Airspeeds values
and Service Ceilings values.
2. Computations of their maximum perpendicular pressures acting on windshields
3. Pictures of airplanes ( side view only) showing the maximum perpendicular
values of pressures in Pascal unit acting on airplane’s windshields
4. Use long bondpaper. Computation must be handwritten.
5. Submission next week, 1st day of face2face classes - monday.