BANK OF MCQs

Organic chemistry 600 points by Sir Shamsul Amin

CHAP# 1 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1. Organic chemistry deals with

carbon based compounds. 2. The world organic means life or living. 3.
In 1928, friedrich Wohler synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate. 4.
The compounds which contain carbon but nor organic are : • Carbon
containing alloys • Simple oxides of carbon • Allotropes of carbon •
Metal carbonates • Bicarbonates • Carbonyls • Cyanides •
Cyanates • Sulfides 5. Major sources of organic compounds are; •
Fossil remains • Petroleum • Natural gas 6. Coal occurs in rock
strata in layers called coral beds. 7. Coal formation: Wood → Peat → Coal
8. Coal exists in different forms like: • Lignite (low C %) • Sub-
Bituminous coal • Bituminous coal • Anthracite (high C %) 9. Coal
is major source of aromatic compounds. 10. Petroleum means crude oil 11.
Petroleum is also called mineral oil/ crude oil/ liquid gold. 12. Petroleum
includes only crude oil in strict sense. 13. Petroleum includes both crude oil
and natural gas in common sense. 14. Natural gas and petroleum are found
in association with each other. 15. Anticancer agent palliate (Taxol) are
obtained from yew tree. 16. Antimalarial agent artemissin are obtained from
Artimisia annual. 17. The study of processes and chemical reaction by which
organic compounds are made are called Synthetic organic chemistry. 18. An
intermediate product of a reaction is used to synthesize a target process is
called partial synthesis. 19. Sometime the starting material converts
through many steps into targeted products. Such process is called total
synthesis. 20. Urea process of Friedrich was commercialized for the first time
by Gustaf Kompa from the synthesis of camphor in 1913. 21. Some products
of Biotechnology: • Benzylpencilin → an antibiotic • Insulin → A
hormone • Polyhydroxybutyrate → A Biodegradable thermoplastics •
Renin → an enzyme  Chemosensory protein(CSP) 22. Destructive
distillation of coal: • Coke → a reducing agent • Coal tar → used for
fertilizer making • Coal gas • Ammoniacal liquor → mixture of
hydrogen and carbon monoxide 23. Coal gas is also called town gas. 24.
Coal is converted to petroleum by Fischer-Tropsch process. 25. A hydrogen
and carbon monoxide is converted into alkane by Fischer –Tropsch process.
26. The conversion of source of carbon into gaseous reactants like CO and
H2 in Fishceher-Tropsch plant is called Gasification. 27. The self-linkage of
carbon atom to form chains and ring compounds is called Catenation. 28.
Two or more compound having same molecular formula but different
structural formula is called isomers and this property is called isomerism. 29.
Characteristics of organic compounds are; • Unique properties of carbon
like catenation. • Isomerism • None-ionic character • Solubility •
Rates of organic reactions • Similar structural features and behavior 30.
The mostly bonds of organic compounds are covalent which are none-polar.
31. Most of organic compounds are insoluble in water buit soluble in none-
polar solvents. 32. The organic reactions are slow because they involves
breaking of some bonds and formation of new bonds. 33. Life molecules
includes:  Proteins • Nucleic acids • Enzymes • Fats • Lipids etc
34. Many farmers in USA grow maize for ethanol.

35. Quinonee → antimalarial 36. Aspirine → cardiac disease and pain killer
37. Borneol → anti-inflammatory 38. Benzyle benzoate → scabicide 39.
Galantamine hydrobromide → alzheimer’s disease 40. The first fullerenes
was discovered in 1885 by Herold Kroto, James Heath, Seam O’Brion, Robert
Curl and Richard Smalley. 41. In 2010, fullerenes were also discovered in
outer space. 42. Some fullerenes are: • C20 • C60 • C70 • C76
• C84 → Smallest is C20 but most common I sC60. 43. Benzene ring is
present in aromatic compound. 44. Organic compound types are 
Hydrocarbons 1. Alkane 2. Alkene 3. Alkynes  Derivatives of
hydrocarbons 1. Alkyl halide 2. Alcohol 3. Phenol 4. Ether 5.
Ketones 6. Carboxylic acids 7. Aldehydes etc 45. An atom or group of
atom that gives certain characteristics properties to an organic compound is
called a functional group. 46. Functional group is chemically active part of
molecule. 47. A series of organic compounds that are differ by methylene
group and have same structural and chemical characteristics are called
homologous series. 48. Alkane → CnH2n + 2 49. Cycloalkanes → CnH2n 50.
Alkenes → CnH2n 51. Alkynes → CnH2n – 2 52. Alkyl → CnH2n + 1 53.
Characteristics of homologous series: • Each series have its own formula.
• Members of series have same chemical properties. • Series
members have same method of preparation. • Physical properties
increase with increase in molecular mass. 54. Extract sodium test or
Lassaign’s solution(L.S) is prepared by heating the substance with sodium
metal in fusion tube till tube become hot and after cooling its filtered. 55.
Detection of Carbon in organic compounds O.C + CuO →CO2 CO2 +
Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 milky colour 56. Detection of Hydrogen in organic
compounds O.C + CuO →H2O H2O + CuSO4 CuSO4.5H2O blue colour 57.
Detection of Nitrogen in organic compounds L.S + NaOH + FeSO4 boil-cool
+FeCl3 + HCl/H2SO4 prussian blue or green colour 58. Detection of Sulphur
L.S +acetic acid + lead acetate black ppt of lead sulphide 59. Detection of
Halogens in organic compounds L.S + conc nitric acid +silver nitrate
solution → ü White ppt soluble in ammonium hydroxide indicate Chlorine ü
Yellow ppr slightly soluble in ammonium hydroxide indicate Bromine ü Deep
yellow ppt insoluble in ammonium hydroxide indicate Iodine 60. Detection
of Oxygen in organic compounds ü Can’t be test directly ü Tests for oxygen
containing functional group ü Formation of water in nitrogen atmosphere ü
Combustion analysis CHAP# 2 HYDROCARBONS 61.
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
only. 62. Petroleum, natural gas and coal are main natural sources of
hydrocarbons. 63. The parent member of aromatic hydrocarbons are
benzene.

64. The formula of benzene is C6 H6. 65. Unsaturated hydrocarbons

containing double bond are called alkenes. 66. Unsaturated hydrocarbons
containing triple bond are called alkynes. 67. Saturated cyclic hydrocarbon
are called cycloalkanes. 68. Unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons are called
cycloalkenes and cycloalkynes. 69. The systematic process of naming of
compound is called nomenclature. 70. Some common names or trivial
names of compounds are: • HCOOH →Formic Acid • CH3 COOH
→Acetic Acid 71. International union of pure and applied chemistry in 1957
set rules for symmetric names of organic compounds on the basis on
structure. This is known is IUPAC system of nomenclature. 72. The prefix n is
used for organic compound having continuous chain. 73. The prefix iso is
used for those alkanes having attached methyl group to second last carbon.
74. The prefix neo is used before alkane having two methyl groups attached
to second last carbon atom. 75. Cyclopropane is represented by a triangle.
76. Cyclobutane is represented by a square. 77. Cyclopentane is
represented by a pentagon. 78. Cyclohexane is represented by a hexagon.
79. The ring is taken is substituent in naming cycloalkanes if it contain less
carbon atoms than straight chain attached carbons. 80. First four
cycloalkanes are colourless gases. 81. C5 – C17 are colourless liquids. 82.
Onward from C17, alkanes are wax like soft solids. 83. Alkanes are none-
polar so insoluble in water. 84. Alkanes are soluble in CCl4 and C6 H6. 85.
B.P of alkanes increases with molecular weight. → Propane > Ethane >
Methane → Decane > Noneane > Octane 86. Straight chain alkane have
high B.P than isomeric branch chain → pentane > iso-pentane → hexane >
iso hexane >neo-hexane 87. Melting point of alkane increase with
molecular weight. → Propane > Ethane > Methane → Decane > Noneane >
Octane 88. There is no regularity in the melting point of alkane with the no
of carbon atoms in molecule. 89. The specific gravity of alkanes normally
increase with molecular weight. 90. Viscosity of alkanes increase with
increase in no of carbon atoms. → Propane > Ethane > Methane → Decane
> Noneane > Octane 91. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases while
rest of cycloalkanes are liquids. 92. Melting point and boiling point of
cycloalkanes increase with increase in no of carbon atoms. 93. Hybridization
in alkane is sp3. 94. Hybridization in alkene is sp2. 95.
Hybridization in alkyne is sp1. 96. Angle in alkane is 109.5o.
97. Angle in alkene is 120o. 98. Angle in
alkyne is 180o. 99. The geometry of alkane is tetrahedral.
100. The geometry of alkene is planar. 101. The
geometry of alkyne is linear. 102. The deviation of normal
Tetrahedral angle of 109.50 to 600 is called angle strain. 103.
Distance between carbon carbon single bond is 1.540A. 104.
Distance between carbon carbon double bond is 1.340A. 105.
Distance between carbon carbon triple bond is 1.190A. 106.
Distance between carbon Hydrogen single bond is 1.090A. 107.
Alkanes are also called Paraffins (little affinity).

108. Alkenes are also called Olefins. 109. Alkynes

are also called Acetylenes. 110. Electronegativity of carbon is
2.5. 111. Electronegativity of hydrogen is 2.1. 112.
Cyclopropane and cyclobutane have greater angle strain and hence
undergoes ring opening reactions. 113. Cycleproapne undergo
ring opening reaction with H2/Ni and HBr to give open chain products. 114.
Cyclobutane undergo ring opening reaction under severs conditions. 115.
Stability of cycloalkanes: → cyclohexane > cyclopentane >
cyclobutane > cyclopropane 116. A substituent reaction can be
initiated by • Nucleophile  Electrophile • Free radical 117.
The product of hemolytic bond fission are free radicals. 118.
The product of heterolytic bond fissions are ions. 119.
Electrophile can accept an electron pair. 120. Nucleophile can
donate lone pair of electron. 121. An electrophile may be
positive ion are neutral molecules with electron deficient centre. 122.
A nucleophile may be negative are neutral molecule with lone pair of
electrons. 123. Substitution reactions, which are initiated by
free radical are called free radical substitution reaction. 124.
Example of substitution reaction by radical are chlorination of methane and
ethane. 125. In chlorination of methane, if Cl2 is taken in
excess, the major product will CCl4. 126. In chlorination of
methane, if Cl2 is taken in limited, the major product will CH3Cl. 127.
Combustion of methane gives 890.95 kJ / mol. 128. Combustion
of ethane gives 1559 kJ /mol. 129. Along with water molecule
combustion of ethane in • sufficient O2 gives CO2 • limited O2 gives
CO • very limited O2 gives C 130. Lower members of
alkenes gives oily product on treatment with chlorine or bromine. 131.
In common system alkenes are named as alkylene. 132. In
IUPAC system alkenes are named as alkanes. 133. Energy
released by combustions; • 1-butene →2719 kJ/mol • Cis-2-butene
→2712 kJ/mol • Trans-2-butene →2707 kJ/mol  Isobutylene → 2703 kJ/mol
*(BSTI) 134. Stability of Butene are as: →1-butene <
cis-2-butene < trans-2-butene < Isobutylene 135. Greater no of
alkyl groups attached, greater is the stability of alkenes. Isobutylene is more
stable than [Link] 136. Dehydrahion of alcohol at 17000 C in
presence of sulphuric acid gives alkene. 137.
Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halide in presence of alcoholic solution of
KOH/NaOH gives alkene and alkyl halide. 138. The
hydrogenation of alkenes is industrially used for the conversion of vegetable
oils into ghee. 139. Hydrogenation of alkene is done at 200-
250o C. 140. Hydrohalogenation of alkenes gives alkyl halide.
141. The order of reactivity of halogens are → F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2
142. The reactivity of halogen acids are → HI > HBr >
HCl > HF 143. Markovnikov,s Rule: when polar reagent is added
to unsymmetrical alkene, the positive part of reagent attaches itseld to that
carbon atom involved in the double bond holding greater no of hydrogen
atoms.(+ → H or H → H) 144. The major product of propene with
HBr is 2-Bromopropane not 1Bromopropane. 145. Alkenes react
with H2SO4 to produce hydrogen sulphates, which on hydrolysis yields
alcohol at 100oC. 146. Alkenes react with halogens in presence
in presence of inert solvent like CCl4 forms dihaloalkanes(vicinal dihalides).
147. The bromination of alkenes provides a useful test for the
presence of double bond. 148. The colour of bromine rapidly
discharge as the colourless dibromo compound is formed. 149.
Alkene react with hypohalous acids (X-OH) to form halohydrins. 150.
Halohydrins are organic compound having hydroxyl group and halogen at
adjacent carbon atom. 151. Alkenes react with oxygen in the
presence of silver catalyst at temperature 3000C to epoxides. 152.
Epoxides on acid hydrolysis produce glyc153. When ozone is
passed through alkene in presence of inert solvent like CCl4 to form ozonide.
154. Ozonide are being explosive cannot be isolated. 155.
Ozonide on treatment with Zn and water cleavage at position of double bond
to form carbonyl compounds. 156. Ozonolysis is done for
locating the position of the double bond In unknown alkene. 157.
The process by which Simple molecules chemically join together to form
large molecules with high molecular weight, is called polymerization. 158.
Polyethylene are also known as polyethene. 159. The
temperature for polymerization of ethane is 100-3000C with pressure of 1K-
2K atm. 160. Conjugated molecules re those compounds in
Which the carbon ateoms are linked together by alternating single and
double bonds 161. Example of conjugated molecules are: • 1,3 –
butadiene • Benzene 162. The CC single bond in1,3-Butadiene are
1.48oA not 1.54 oA. 163. The CC double bond in1,3-Butadiene are 1.37oA
not 1.33 oA 164. There are two main types of isomerism: •
Structural isomerism Ø Chain isomerism or skeletal isomerism Ø Position
isomerism Ø Functional group isomerism Ø Metamerism Ø tautomerism •
Stereoisomerism Ø Geometric or cis-trans isomerism Ø Opticle isomerism
165. A structural feature within a molecule that is responsible
for its chirality is called chiral centre, of the molecule. 166. A
carbon bonded to four different groups is called chiral carbon atom or
asymmetric carbon atom foe example lactic acid. 167. A
molecule may not have a chiral atom but still be chiral. 168. A
molecule may have one chiral atom but still be achiral. 169.
Optical activity of a compound is measured by an instrument called
polarimeter. 170. Nicol prism made of calcite, CaCO3 act as
polarizer. 171. Isomer that rotate the plane of polarized light to
right or clockwise direction is called dextrorotatory isomer or + isomer. 172.
Isomer that rotate the plane of polarized light to left or anticlockwise
direction is called Levorotatory isomer or – isomer. 173. Optical
isomerism is type of isomerism in which the isomer differ in their interaction
towards plane polarized light. 174. Two mirror images of single
compound that cannot be superimpose are called enantiomers of each other
175. Isomers have different configuration. 176.
Three dimensional arrangement of atoms in space is called configuration.
177. The isomer having two same groups on one side of double
bond is called cis isomer. *(cis=same) 178. The isomer having
two similar groups of on opposite side of double bond is called trans isomeri.
179. Isomerism due to unequal distribution of carbon atoms on
either side of functional group is called Metamerism. 180. A
special type of isomerism in which isomer are in dynamic equilibrium with
each other is called Tautamerism. 181. Functional group
isomerism have same molecular formula but different structural formula.
182. In common system, the first member of alkyne series are
named as acetylene. 183. Relative stability of alkynes depends
on: ü Position of triple bond ü No of substituents ü Nature of substituents
184. Ethyne, propyne and butyne are gases. 185.
C5 – C12 alkynes are liquids and higher are solids at room temperature and
pressure. 186. All alkynes are odourless and colourless except
acetyls. 187. Acetylene has garlic like odour. 188.
Alkanes are insoluble in water. 189. Alkynes are slightly soluble
in water. 190. The boiling point of alkyne is higher than
corresponding alkane • pentyne > pentene • hexyne > 195exane
191. The boiling point of alkynes increase with increase in no of
carbon atoms. • Heptyne > Hexyne > Pentyne • Butyne > Propyne >
Etyhne 192. The melting point of alkynes did not show regular
pattern. 193. Alkenes are more denser than alkane and alkene 194.
Which one of the following is more denser? Ü Alkane ü Alkene ü Alkyne ←
195. Compounds having two halogens atoms on adjacent
carbon atoms are called vicinal dihalides. 196. Vicinal dihalides
when treated with alcoholic KOH followed by NaNH2 in liquid ammonia forms
alkynes. 197. Dehydrohalogination of tetrahalides leads to
alkyne. 198. Alkynes are less reactive than alkene. 199.
Which one of the following is more reactive? • Alkane • Alkene ← •
Alkyne 200. Alkynes in which the triple bond is present at the
end of th chain is called terminal alkyne or 1-alkynes. 201.
Terminal alkyne and acetylene are acidic in nature. 202. If
acetylene or terminal alkyne is treated with solution of sodium amide
(NaNH2) in liquid ammonia, sodium acetylide is obtained. 203.
Acetylene and 1-alkyne react with ammoniacal solutions of cuprous chloride
and silver nitrate to form acetylides and alkynides of these metals. 204.
Copper acetylide → red ppt *(CAR) 205. Silver acetylide →
white ppt *(SAW) 206. Copper and cilver acetylides are highly
explosives in dry conditions. They are decomposed by acids such as HNO3 to
regenerate acetylene. 207. None-terminal alkynes can be
distinguisher from terminal alkynes by Cu2Cl2 and NH4 OH or Ag(NO3 )2 and
NH4 OH 208. Addition reactions of alkynes are: Ø
Hydrogenation → alkenes Ø Reduction by dissolving metal → alkynides/
acetylides Ø Hydrohalogenation → haloalkane Ø Hydration → carbonyl
compounds Ø Halogination → tetrahaloalkane Ø Ozonolysis → ozonides
→ketones → carboxylic acids 209. Hydrogenation of alkynes
leads to alkene and onward to form alkane the reaction is stopped by
poisoning Pd catalyst with BaSO4 + quinolone (lindlar’s catalyst).