Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

M'Hamed Bouguera University Boumerdes

Faculty of Sciences
Department of Computer Science

Algorithms and Data Structur

Semester 1
SIACI Redouane

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 Summary

• Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computer Science

• Chapter 2: Algorithms and data type.
• Chapter 3: Input/Output Instructions (Read and Write)
• Chapter 4: Conditional statements
• Chapter 5: Iteration and Repetitive Structures (Loops)
• Chapter 6: Arrays.
• Chapter 7: Chain of characters (Strings) .
• Chapter 8: Procedures and Functions.

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 Chapter 1
Introduction to
Computer Architecture

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 Computer science ‫اﻹعﻼم اﻵلي‬
• Computer Science is the study of computers and computational systems.
• Computer scientists deal mostly (traiter principalement) with software
systems; this includes their theory, design, development, and application.
• Principal areas : infographics, concerning algorithms ,artificial intelligence,
computer systems and networks, security, database systems, vision and
graphics, numerical analysis, programming languages, software engineering
(génie logiciel), bioinformatics …

The French translation is «L’informatique»

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 Computer system
• A computer system is divided into two categories:
Hardware and Software.

• Hardware refers to the physical and visible

components of the system such as a monitor,
CPU, keyboard and mouse.

• Sotware refers to a set of instructions which

enable the hardware to perform a specific set of
tasks.
• must be installed in the hardware to function
properly and similarly, the hardware must be
present for the tasks to be performed.
• Both are interdependent, yet they are also
different from each other.

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Computer system

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 Computer ‫حاسوب‬
An electronic machine that calculates data very quickly, used for storing,
writing, organizing, and sharing information electronically or
for controlling other machines

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Block Diagram of a Computer

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 Von Neumann Architecture
• Store the program in memory
• No distinction between memory for program and data.
• A single set of buses between: CPU-Memory-I/O

December 28, 1903 [Budapest] - February 8, 1957

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System Bus (Internal and Intra)

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Computer Machines

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 Motherboard
• Principal element of the
computer

• Allowing the
connection of all the
essential elements of
the computer

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 Processor / Primary memory
• The two main components of a computer are the
• Primary memory _ and the Processor _

• The primary memory (PM) stores information ( programs and data ),

while the processor executes the instructions making up the
programs step by step.

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 Primary and Secondary memory
• Primary memory : stores temporary data executed by the microprocessor
• Secondary memory ( permanent memory or auxiliary ) : The data does
not get erased even in case of a power failure

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 The main Input and Output (I/O)
ports in a computer
• The input/output units, that is the devices that
allow the introduction of data and the display of
the results (keyboard, mouse, monitor, printers,
etc.), are external to the Matherboard, and are
connected through appropriate connectors,
called ports of connection or input/output (I/O).

• In general, each port has the characteristics

suitable for the device to be connected. In
reality the manufacturers try to standardize the
devices so as not to need a myriad of different
doors

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 Program concept
A program is a series of elementary instructions, which will be executed
in order by the processor.

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 High-Level Language
A high-level language (HLL) is a type of programming language designed to simplify computer
programming and make it more accessible to humans.

Examples of high-level programming languages in active use today include Python, JavaScript, Visual Basic,
Delphi, Perl, PHP, ECMAScript, Ruby, C#, Java and many others

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 Difference Between AI and Algorithms
Artificial Intelligence (AI):
Algorithms: Definition: A broad field of computer science that aims
Definition: A set of instructions or rules that a to create intelligent agents, which are systems that can
computer follows to perform a specific task. reason, learn, and act autonomously.
Purpose: To solve problems or achieve goals Purpose: To mimic human intelligence and perform
by breaking them down into smaller, more tasks that would typically require human cognition,
manageable steps. such as understanding natural language, recognizing
Examples: patterns, and making decisions.
• Sorting a list of numbers Examples:
• Searching for a specific item in a • Self-driving cars
database • Virtual assistants
• Calculating the area of a circle • Medical diagnosis systems

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 Difference Between AI and
Algorithms
• AI involves more than just algorithms: AI also incorporates concepts
such as machine learning, deep learning, and neural networks, which
allow systems to learn from data and improve their performance over
time.
• AI can create new algorithms: AI can be used to develop algorithms
that are more complex and efficient than those created by humans.

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 Noticed

You will detail computer architectures in other modules

than this one.

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