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ad To praceld a Keolcmitmocdelatedthe
belh
hegfe, Gncenhratcod
we fllsThe CSSmally prouilsonkaThe Norrow Erplaim
ampliktoe noise
amale spechl
appears fnd cKceLsi Receives
clled Baod narrow
wik hat ve
the abo receus undistoed,
componentE
ohon a and gomelhat aCompenendy nos reproceuin bap
modulatet Noise
a
utnarrow
efkts pha sampe e
some hoouh - no'se
aypearing
bandnois but CS
of ot
Undlae
Simular
olulates une? malbad not ane
je parrowband eceld the
clalcsunlly
m, arro tomE) at he so
aimnindgs represen
wbane a feg vecele Jaage
He
slouly
eedWe
a hawingginewave includes
ofp
nolue such tfe) 1oise ad
Darrowkan DATE PAGENO.
Faliomlirg ain o to
sm such
n oth ot a ic some
fhe
Jt
Represenahon cnvelepe
phase e
We is (Narrowbamd
amd Compenenk.
In- heDepending
nat)
Here mey centereel phalc
Compenenknarrow
represent noie represenabons
band upm
norrowband qnd o
m Saomyle clld He
n-phac > is
Karrew
auadrature narrow
tequeny fe a nose isapphcatien
n2 21fe nlts ane? roandem the
noise ot
band o bameproces:jn-phaje
n nE) dehned narrow
pesent stand omponens norrow ot
goise noise, the
cat have intemy band-nol Ine
qeadrahreand
fm bandwitk band anple rat,
n n
f teams noice temstunsin
s nt CCanonical ofa Here
nlt y o are
2R tyTt, le pair
f) cenoe
quadratureand
The Let Ertraettoy
sckemeThe Componenk of Cempenents
Jncmbng Re
tso d
qre
nt)
lowpaly in-
narro -23inoct
Comemenb s 2loswet arrowbamd phase
hus cw
baoe tllers
extTated carriers
Sineamd amd
slnol Cilteó pa stow
at passedare wed
the are quadrpraeyakure
o i E) the
In-phase ided f
is
LR
hs
Op muliplieaare oenerathon
Ihe Componenk
quadratureand
e
¢
he
mphase
is of
adde,
c
wilhn,lt) Coset a
nls) Narrouwb
au coine and
rreubA annd
quadrature
am
Aelser procees
Block
aine
ndare
procesadded,carrjer, phese jrom
DATE
ss
is malt
reapeciuly
A in-phate
taiad he cmpsens
Reprekenkaon f narrou band moise in terms o
svelope and phse Compomenls
he narrow bond nle) Can be represened in feons
of enebpe and phase Comnents as -
re) - emuelpe nt)
YE)=phase ef mE)
I is assumed that Ke) amad yE) boh ane sampk untins
tandem procejes
Shous Rample tun cliens ef narroubamd soise
Jn Bg2 succesis peak od enyebpe rt) are
intemal apaat,
When sample tunetion o the narrowband proces
0s vjewed am osclloscepe the elseved wavelm
ppears sisoid of radom emnplitude aDd phase
for this reasm the narrowbamd no)ce AE) s
Comenenty reprntd - the
PAGE No.
DATE :
Properhes f inphasce and qusdrahue jphase compenonl
meoya Vqmfohco
Same
4(¬) ano noct) are uncerrelaled wiA each chen
3 alo
dentitýes felaled to tRat ne) by -
oherwise
Here, Snylt) psD inphase component
pSD 7 q uadraue Comnen
PSD o the narrow bamd noisc
T n6) is stabem 44 them nlt) and alt) are jpint
shatiomaay
Aicker noise - Also called / oise (one by f).
It occurs in almost all active clectroie devices att
negr dc and a eo Hz and is
wually wcak and neglqike above kiz.
The PSD of this Toie is approximately
Pes f> kHz he powep spcctrum 0s lal
Flicker noise is Carriers Hat are
pandomly trapped and releAed b] w the intefaces of
tao mate niale This phenmemen typically
Semionductes Hhat ane used in ampliiers to receod
elettrical aigne
I is alaa called asr Pink noise
lrasit time Noise
"Transit time Dojses are high rey noite
Thy are obsemvedn fhe semicomductoo devices
tuhen He transiE time of a chamge Carriep whle
cossing a junchion is inilag to he timeperiod
o tha siq nal
Trans it ime nelse OACArs in tranuistos, and in
deuices
Parihem moise
’ Paothen nolse ohenees current ha a
dside b/w two os more pahs It resules facn.
the randem luehations im the diuisiem
PAGE H
DATE
Dioisio cument
Wheh Causes
Cmitee, dale, col
lette
ss noisy han
le
dicde cwbula be
T Cnpaned,
Miscelan eous Nojs
Resistance cue to bass,
Noises
Noise ue to
emitte 4d aollecers intemal peisane
BurstNojse -
"he most Commo) Qause f the bunst noise A
ramdom rapplzy and release of cherge carrie s
at hin fm tesfaces or at ekct sites in.
If appears as a Qudden step like transishiony
as high al severa hundaes mcro volk, at nden
and unpredic tasle tned.(last em sweral s to
sccondy)
Jt Sounds like popcarn we attache!
to an audo gpeaken.
poppig f
Avalanche Neise
When diode is in YeNere bias conditien
avalanche break dowm, Aeverse biay Currenater
increases rapisly
Avalanche noise is procuee d when
undiade aperatd at hepeint awalanche
/ PAGE NO.
DATE
breakdow) close toL
Due to this
breakdos , yeny lange Crrent Hou
genensl s high level of naise olled as qvalanhe nisc
Jt occurs de to jncreAsC in
actien of atems ionizahon ty collösiem.
he collisjomsocured atte TaDdom n
nature a a enle
mojse spikeçs are preSent in he dvalanche eurent
Freg domain Represenkakon of n~e
Way fney demain RepD is necded ?
Jn comu nlcahon Sptems jnput sigd (aleng wllw nojse)
is often passeol fkoougt flkecs
t These flks are descnbed in teoms of their feg dmai
characteoshcs
to detemine the efkct of hese Blksog, eise, it
is Deceyary to kave a fsy demain representason of noie
Cigasls fourier series and fourier tranafn
But hene ojse is a randem sipmal and to wiee
he tourler series es nose waveoon, mois e
wavekom ehoue? be periosic
Thus e get a penlodie wavelem fem he ranckm
DOise waudem uing Fllowiny steps
Selet a prialan Saonple SacHm od ke roise
DATE
nose, select
tunchen
from this Cample
hene he
periodle wavcfea
Aec get t selecked
nteaval
wavefemm in he
) d periede wavelem
Henaise
Noy Ca expand Hhis peolodie
we
wauekmm is
a fourser senles
we
assu-me fhat the ce
then he Sample mske slgn Component is Kefo
wsng jurjer senes as cam be epreserko
,(E) = 2. (ak Cos
2nkaf t + be Sin 27
kafb)
nct= (ak Cos Hwt t bk sin hot)
/PAGE NO.
Ck CosCtswt + Or) DATE
Coc heien
Suprposiion of Noises -
We can represent nojse mt) in he arter senles feon.
That meqns noise is repneSenled as " SuperposiHen'
indisjdual Dojse copemenkr
Jt has beem proved that, eNeS he
are
ovealapping Kan ado toted noise pouzr s kyzen -
positen e pewens st indioiaed spccta cempanenh,
Procf: Suppose we have two nojse proceses Mit)
ond M>4)wkote spechd angs oueatap fully
partially
The total nojse ce to thesc to compnent ie
iven ty
Lhy superposiHen)
Then he normalized po wer Rg of he sym
+nzlb]2
2 DCt).n24)
P2 = Pi t Pe t 2 Dle). n ()
Here P a9d Pe are He mosmaized pawecs
yabe cf the produt, whie is
nahiny hut
Cross -cerrelahen ot the proceues nt) amd nak)
As, thee prpceyes ane, uncorpelased he cer
KpresinN compomenk
Ke Deise no. kFo
compenk neise indieidua
pocs cuperposion
he of abtalned
by
power n
noiseomalized
tot the Kat
we
Cal expreusn, above ren
he hu
will
k )eqn
Kefo cornelaticn
bewill
DATE
DATE
Toisc uing onhomoms eoordinstes
Frequeny demain repreIendalien o nojse shos that it
S possible to represent a mojse proces as
catheneamal nctiend, ohich anc he cincs and cosi nes
aram sdmudt odthegenalzalen proces alw w bo
frantom a set ot iauy indepeodont vecks into a
vectes kat span he sam space
spammed by he oistnel sel
intema!T then in that inteave, noise nlt) ic givena
where
Here n(t)=
Chauuion nandom prnocels wl mea
Valne of zene Benni i ihe gaaien nandom vaniaka
with xene meam yalue
coelleien ot Hhe jth compomen
nini ’ onelaien behw een aelhiujens, hen ennemble averae o it
SNo