**Time Allowed: 2 hours**
**Maximum Marks: 40**
---
#### **General Instructions:**
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper consists of **two sections** – A and B.
3. Section A consists of 10 objective-type questions, each carrying 1 mark.
4. Section B consists of 5 short answer questions, each carrying 3 marks, and 2 long answer
questions, each carrying 5 marks.
5. Use of a calculator is not permitted.
---
### **Section A: Objective Type Questions**
(1 Mark each)
1. **What is the power of a lens with focal length 25 cm?**
- a) +4 D
- b) -4 D
- c) +0.25 D
- d) -0.25 D
2. **A concave mirror forms a real, inverted image of an object. Where must the object be placed?**
- a) Between F and 2F
- b) At the focus
- c) Beyond 2F
- d) At the center of curvature
3. **A ray of light passes from air to glass. The angle of refraction is 30°. What is the angle of
incidence if the refractive index of glass is 1.5?**
- a) 20°
- b) 40°
- c) 60°
- d) 45°
4. **Which of the following lenses is used for magnifying glasses?**
- a) Concave lens
- b) Convex lens
- c) Plano-convex lens
- d) Biconcave lens
5. **When a ray of light passes through a convex lens and strikes the focal plane, the image formed
is:**
- a) Real and inverted
- b) Real and erect
- c) Virtual and inverted
- d) Virtual and erect
6. **The image formed by a plane mirror is:**
- a) Real and erect
- b) Virtual and erect
- c) Real and inverted
- d) Virtual and inverted
7. **The critical angle for light passing from diamond (refractive index = 2.42) to air is:**
- a) 24.4°
- b) 41.8°
- c) 48.8°
- d) 29.9°
8. **The magnifying power of a simple microscope is 5. The focal length of the lens is:**
- a) 5 cm
- b) 10 cm
- c) 15 cm
- d) 20 cm
9. **A convex mirror always forms an image that is:**
- a) Real and inverted
- b) Virtual and inverted
- c) Virtual and erect
- d) Real and erect
10. **The refractive index of water is 1.33. What is the angle of refraction for a ray passing from air
to water with an angle of incidence of 30°?**
- a) 22.2°
- b) 23.3°
- c) 20.5°
- d) 25.5°
---
### **Section B: Short Answer Questions**
(3 Marks each)
11. **What is the relationship between the object distance, image distance, and focal length for a
concave mirror? Derive the mirror formula.**
12. **A concave lens has a focal length of 20 cm. An object is placed 10 cm in front of the lens.
Where will the image be formed and what is its nature?**
13. **Explain the concept of total internal reflection. Under what conditions does it occur?**
14. **What is the focal length of a convex lens if it forms an image of an object placed at a distance
of 50 cm on a screen at a distance of 100 cm?**
15. **A ray of light strikes the surface of water at an angle of 45°. If the refractive index of water is
1.33, calculate the angle of refraction.**
---
### **Section C: Long Answer Questions**
(5 Marks each)
16. **With the help of a ray diagram, explain the image formation by a convex lens when the object
is placed:**
- (a) At infinity
- (b) Between F and 2F
- (c) At 2F
- (d) Between F and the lens
Also, state the nature and position of the image in each case.
17.
---
### **End of Question Paper**
---
### **Solutions to the Sample Question Paper**
#### **Section A: Objective Type Questions**
1. **Answer:** (a) +4 D
Power of the lens, \( P = \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{0.25} = 4 \, \text{D} \)
2. **Answer:** (c) Beyond 2F
A concave mirror forms a real, inverted image when the object is beyond 2F.
3. **Answer:** (b) 40°
Using Snell's Law:
\[ \mu = \frac{\sin i}{\sin r} \]
\[ 1.5 = \frac{\sin i}{\sin 30^\circ} = \frac{\sin i}{0.5} \]
\[ \sin i = 1.5 \times 0.5 = 0.75 \]
\[ i = \sin^{-1}(0.75) \approx 40^\circ \]
4. **Answer:** (b) Convex lens
A convex lens is used for magnifying glasses.
5. **Answer:** (a) Real and inverted
When a ray passes through a convex lens at the focal point, the image is real and inverted.
6. **Answer:** (b) Virtual and erect
A plane mirror always forms a virtual, erect image.
7. **Answer:** (b) 41.8°
Critical angle \( \theta_c = \sin^{-1}\left( \frac{1}{\mu} \right) = \sin^{-1}\left( \frac{1}{2.42} \right)
= 41.8^\circ \)
8. **Answer:** (a) 5 cm
Magnifying power \( M = 1 + \frac{D}{f} \). For \( M = 5 \), we get \( f = 5 \, \text{cm} \).
9. **Answer:** (c) Virtual and erect
A convex mirror always forms a virtual, erect image.
10. **Answer:** (a) 22.2°
Using Snell's Law:
\[ \mu = \frac{\sin i}{\sin r} \]
\[ 1.33 = \frac{\sin 30^\circ}{\sin r} = \frac{0.5}{\sin r} \]
\[ \sin r = \frac{0.5}{1.33} \approx 0.375 \]
\[ r = \sin^{-1}(0.375) \approx 22.2^\circ \]
---
#### **Section B: Short Answer Questions**
11. **Answer:**
The mirror formula is derived from the relation between object distance (\( u \)), image distance (\
( v \)), and focal length (\( f \)):
\[ \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u} \]
This formula gives the relationship for all mirror types (concave, convex), where \( f \) is positive
for concave mirrors and negative for convex mirrors.
12. **Answer:**
For a concave lens, the image is always virtual, erect, and diminished. The image is formed on the
same side of the object.
13. **Answer:**
Total internal reflection occurs when a light ray travels from a denser to a rarer medium and the
angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle. This phenomenon is the principle behind optical fibers.
14. **Answer:**
Using the lens formula:
\[ \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} \]
Given \( u = -50 \, \text{cm} \) and \( v = 100 \, \text{cm} \),
\[ \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{100} - \frac{1}{-50} = \frac{1}{100} + \frac{1}{50} = \frac{3}{100} \]
\[