DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
APPLICATIONS OF
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
MPS Department FEU Institute of Technology
MIXTURE FLOW
PROBLEMS
OBJECTIVES
The students are expected to:
1. recall the methods of solving the general solution
of the first order, first degree ordinary differential
equations; and
2. apply the appropriate method to be used for a
particular problem.
Let S(t) be the amount of substance at any time t in the tank.
Liquid containing a Substance S enters the
tank at C concentration.
Rate of Rate at which Rate at
Change = S enters the − which S exits
of S tank the tank
Mixture containing a Substance S exits the tank
at C concentration.
𝑑𝑆
= rinCin −routCout
𝑑𝑡
MIXTURE FLOW PROBLEMS
salt (lb)
𝐶1 (lb/gal)
𝑟1 (gal/min)
t=0
Salt (lb)
Vp (gal)
salt (lb)
𝐶2 (lb/gal)
𝑟2 (gal/min)
𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑆𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔
= −
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
MIXTURE FLOW PROBLEMS
𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑆𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔
= −
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑆
= 𝐶1 𝑟1 − 𝐶2 𝑟2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑆
where: = rate of change of the amount of salt any time, t
𝑑𝑡
s = amount of salt ( lb, g, kg,…)
C = concentration
𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑆
𝐶2 = =
𝑉𝑇 𝑉𝑇
𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉𝑝 + 𝑉𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 𝑉𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑉𝑝 = volume inside the tank
𝑉 = 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑟𝑡 ; 𝑉1 = 𝑟1 𝑡1 ; 𝑉2 = 𝑟2 𝑡2
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. A tank initially holds 100 gal of brine containing 1 lb of salt.
Another brine solution containing 1 lb of salt per gallon is poured
into the tank at the rate of 3 gal per minute. While the well-stirred
mixture leaves the tank at the same rate, find the amount of salt
at any time, t. Find the time at which the mixtures contain 2 lb of
salt.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
2. A tank initially holds 10 gal of fresh water. A brine solution
containing ½ lb of salt per gallon is poured into the tank at the
rate of 2 gal per minute. While the well-stirred mixture leaves the
tank at the same rate, find the amount of salt at t= 6 minutes.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
3. Pure water is poured at the rate of 3 gal per minute into the tank
containing 300 lb of salt dissolved in 100 gal of water. The
solution kept well-stirred pours out at 2 gal per minute. Find the
amount of salt in the tank at the end of 100 minutes.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
4. A tank contains 200 L of brine with 20 kg of salt in solution. Brine
containing 0.25 kg per liter of salt flows into the tank at the rate of
3 L/min, and the mixture, kept uniform by stirring, flows out at the
rate of 2 L/min. Determine the time when the concentration of
salt becomes 30 kg.
THANK YOU…
GOD BLESS…
Assignment
1. A tank initially contains 400 L of brine in which 25 kg of salt are
dissolved. A pipe fills the tank with brine at the rate of 12L/min
containing 0.2 kg of dissolved salt per L. The mixture, kept well-
stirred, runs out at the rate of 8 L/min. Determine the amount of
salt at the end of 30 minutes. Ans. 71.46 kg
2. A tank contains 2000 L of brine. Brine containing 5N/L of salt
flows in at 10L/min, and the mixture , kept uniform by stirring,
flows out at the rate of 20L/min. If the concentration of salt is
8N/L at the end of 1 hour, how much was the concentration of
the salt at the beginning? Ans. 9.29 N/L
3. A tank initially holds 100 gal of salt solution in which 50 lb of salt
has been dissolved. A pipe fills the tank with brine at the rate of
3 gpm, containing 2 lb of dissolved salt per gallon. Assuming
that the mixture is kept uniform by stirring, a drain pipe draws out
of the tank at 2gpm. Find the amount of salt at the end of 30
minutes. Ans. 171.24 lb