LINE GRAPH
I. Useful language:
a. Synonyms:
- Show / illustrate / demonstrate / describe / indicate / provide / depict: mô tả
- Account for / make up / constitute: chiếm
- Trend / tendency: xu hướng
- Number / data / figure: số liệu
- proportion / rate / percentage / figure: phần trăm
- category / type / kind / group: loại
b. Structures:
1. Subject + Verb (increase / decrease) + from … to …
The number of male smokers decreased from 21% in 1960 to 17% in 2000.
During this 25-year period, the consumption of beef and lamb fell
dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively.
The number of marriages remained stable over the next decade.
2. There be + a/an + adj + noun.
There was a downward trend of male smokers from 21% in 1960 to 17% in
2000.
There was a sharp increase in computer use in all categories.
3. Subject + verb (accounted for / made up) + percentage + of + noun.
Male smokers accounted for 21% of American adults in 1960.
Food constitute over 23% of my family’s expense.
c. Complex sentences:
1. Subject + Verb and then Verb before V-ing.
0 -1 -2: Average household expenditure on convenience food stood at 25 pounds
per week in 1996 and then slightly fell to 20 pounds per week in 1997 before
reaching the lowest point at 10 pounds per week in 1999.
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2. After V-ing, Subject + witnessed/experienced/saw + a Noun and then it
+ Verb (or until đỉnh/đáy)
0-1-2: After standing at 25 pounds per week in 1996, the average household
expenditure on convenience food witnessed a slight fall to 20 pounds per week in
1997 until it reached its lowest point at 15 pounds per week in 2000.
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3. After V-ing/ Despite V-ing/ Despite a N, S + V and then V.
Đạt đỉnh: After Ving, S V until it V (peak/bottom)
0-1-2: After standing at 25 pounds per week in 1996, the average household
expenditure on convenience food slightly fell to 22 pounds per week in 1997 until it
reached its lowest point at 15 pounds per week in 1999.
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4. There was a N followed by a N prior to a N (3 N liên tiếp)
1-2-3: There was a slight decrease in average household expenditure on convenience
food to 20 pounds per week in 1997 followed by a lowest point at 15 pounds per
week in 1999 prior to a minimal increase to 24 pounds per week in 2000.
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II. Sample line graph
1-MB: The line chart illustrates the quantity of garbage released by three companies from 2000 to
2015.
2- NXC: In general, there was a downward trend in the amounts of trash produced by companies A
and B while the quantity of rubbish/ trash/ waste released/dumped/disposed by company C rose
substantially over the given period (điểm đầu - điểm cuối)
3- Chốt: In 2000, company A produced the largest amount of waste, accounting for 12 tonnes,
followed by the figure for company B with 8 tonnes, and finally company C dumped (xả) the
smallest amount of just 4 tonnes.
4- Tả từng đường
After that, the quantity of garbage released by company A considerably plummeted until it reached
the lowest point at 7 tonnes of waste in 2015. Similarly, despite slightly rising to its peak at 10
tonnes of waste in 2005, the figure of garbage released by company B witnessed a significant
plummet to the lowest point at 3 tonnes. In contrast, the amount of garbage released by company C
dramatically rocketed until it reached the peak point at 10 tonnes of waste in 2015, more than
doubling the initial figure/ approximately tripling the figure 15 years ago.
5- NXĐB: Overall, company A remained the largest trash producer until the end of the timescale
when it was surpassed by company C.
III. Practice
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5. The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK
from 1974 to 2002 by four different modes of transport.
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