Module 2
Review
GE 5 - Science, Technology
and Society
Section 1:
Technology as a
Way of Revealing
Who is Martin
Heidegger?
(a German Philosopher) - wrote a
book "The Question of
Technology,” which discusses and
urges us to question about the
invention of technology and see
beyond people's shared
understanding of it.
The Essence Instrumental
01.
of Technology definition:
technology is a
means to an end
Technology is responsible
for the ways society is
continuously being Anthropological
modernized. 02. definition:
technology is a
human activity
Technology as a
Way of Revealing
Martin Heidegger urged people to
envision technology as a mode of
revealing as it shows so much more about
a human person and the world.
Technology as
Poesis
Poesis is to bring forth.
Heidegger characterizes modern
technology is a challenging forth since it
is very aggressive in its activity.
Technology as
Poesis
Enframing - it is a way of ordering or framing
nature to better manipulate it
Heidegger distinguished two types of
thinking: calculative thinking and meditative
thinking
The Dangers of
Technology
People must not allow themselves to
be consumed by technology lest they
lose the essence of who they are as
human beings
Art as the
Saving Power
Heidegger proposed art as the saving
power and the way out of enframing:
‘’And art was simply called techne. It
was a single, manifold revealing’’
Questioning as the
Piety of Thought
It is only through questioning that humans
are able to reassess their position not only
in the midst of technology around them, but
also, and most importantly, in the grand
scheme of things.
Section 2:
Human Flourishing in
Progress and De-
development
Human Flourishing
It is the ability to live a good life,
according to Aristotelian ethics.
Jason Hickel
an economic anthropologist from the
University of London, wrote an article,
"Forget developing poor countries, it's time
to de-develop rich countries."
de-development not literally means de-
growth or zero growth -but to reduce
consumption of the resources.
Section 3:
The Good Life in
Science and Technology
Nicomachean
Ethics by Aristotle
a philosophical inquiry into the
nature of the good life for a human
being. It emphasized what is truly
virtuous and what is mistakenly
thought to be so.
Nicomachean Ethics
the science of the good for human life,
that which is the goal or end at which all
our actions aim (Wikipedia, 2024).
Eudaimonia: The
Ultimate Good
"pursuit of virtue, excellence, and the
best within us" (Huta & Waterman,
2014: 1426).
Eudaimonia: The
Ultimate Good
EU - good
DAIMON - spirit
“happiness or welfare or human flourishing
or prosperity...”
Eudaimonia: The
Ultimate Good
It is not transitory. It does not pass.
It shall encompass/transcend all aspects of life.
It is self-sufficient; no need to aim for other
"greater" goods.
It should not be based on others.
Eudaimonia
two hallmarks
plays a significant role in the living and
attainment of the good life
Virtue
require discipline and practice; activities
contrary to virtue are those which do not
result happiness.
Excellence
a life of excellence, manifested from the
personal to global scale
virtuous human actions and decisions
that affect the individual self and the
greater community
Eudaimonia:
Uniquely Human
happiness is a uniquely human function
Aristotle's Tripartite Soul
a nested hierarchy of the functions and activity of the soul
RATIONAL
PARTLY-RATIONAL
sensitive
NON-RATIONAL
nutritive
Aristotle's Tripartite Soul
a nested hierarchy of the functions and activity of the soul
1. capable of theoretical and practical
functions.
2. possess the nutritive, sensitive, and
RATIONAL rational components
3. capable of a life guided by reason
PARTLY-RATIONAL
Arete and Human
Happiness
“excellence of any kind” and “moral
virtue”
eudaimonia living a good life
happiness
living a life of virtue
arete
virtue and excellence
INTELLECTUAL
01.
Virtue
VIRTUE the main owes
its birth and growth to
teaching
It is the constant practice
of the good no matter how MORAL VIRTUE
difficult the circumstances 02. comes about as a
result of habit
may be.
both should be in accordance with
reason to achieve eudaimonia.
how long does it take
to learn a habit?
a skill is acquired only through repeated practice.
According to a 2009 study published in
the European Journal of Social
Psychology, it takes 18 to 254 days for a
person to form a new habit. The study
also concluded that, on average, it takes
66 days for a new behavior to become
automatic.
Living the good life in science and
technology involves advancing knowledge
and innovation ethically, in ways that
promote human flourishing, intellectual
growth, and social well-being, aligning with
Aristotle’s idea of a virtuous and purposeful
life.
Section 4:
When Technology and
Humanity Cross
Human Rights and
Science and Technology
Guaranteeing inclusive access to the
benefits of science and guiding its
ethical application in innovation.
UNESCO
Universal Declaration Recommendation on the
of Human Rights Status of Scientific
(Article 27) Researchers - 1974
(Article 4)
This promotes both access Research and technological
to the benefits of science advancements should
and protection from its prioritize improving quality of
potential abuses, reinforcing life, addressing societal needs,
the idea that scientific and fostering global welfare,
progress should be used rather than serving individual
ethically to serve humanity. or commercial interests alone.
UNESCO Declaration on the Use
of Scientific Knowledge -- 1999
(Article 33)
Science and technology are crucial for
solving modern problems and supporting
sustainable growth. Aside from this,
governments and businesses must
support science and technology,
especially for developing countries, to
ensure everyone benefits.
Human Rights-Based Approach
to Science, Technology and
Development
By placing the moral and ethical responsibility on
those driving science, technology, and development
to protect and uphold human rights, a more effective
and sustainable approach can be achieved, fostering
human flourishing in these fields.
Thank you
very much!
PREPARED BY: KRIZZYLE TORRES and LEMUELA LI RULONA