ANNOTATION OF
Presented By:
ANTONIO MORGA’S The Life and Works
BSME - 2A SUCESOS DE LAS of Jose Rizal
ISLAS FILIPINAS
Meet The Team
BATAN, BAUTISTA, BASILIO BAUTISTA,
CELESTINE JUAN D. JUSTINE CARL T.
NICOLE F.
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, 1. Analyze Rizal’s ideas on how
students are expected to rewrite Philippine
to: History.
2. Compare and contrast Rizal
and Morga’s different views
about Filipinos and the
Philippines Culture.
3. Develop deep appreciation
to the works and writing of
Jose Rizal.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Annotation Sucesos Las Islas Filipinas
a note of explanation events, happenings, or means “The Philippine
or comment added to occurences. Island.”
a text or diagram.
ANTONIO de MORGA
He was born on Graduated in University
1559 in Seville of Salamanca (1574) and
Spanish lawyer attained a doctorate in
and a government Canon and Civil Law.
official during the Taught in Osuna,
17th century. Lieutenant Governor,
Historical and Judge in Audencia.
Anthropologist
Author of Sucesos De
Las Islas Filipinas.
MEANING OF
SUCESOS DE LAS
ISLAS FILIPINAS.
Las Islas Filipinas means ‘The
Philippine Island” in English and
was named in honor of King Philip
II of Spain.
Sucesos means the work of an
honest observer. A versatile
bureaucrat. Who knew the
workings of the administration
from the inside.
the work
consists of 8
chapters.
1. Of the first discoveries of the Eastern islands.
2. Of the government of Dr. Francisco de Sande.
3. Of the government of don Gonzalo Ronquillo
de Penalosa.
4. Of the government of Dr. Santiago de Vera.
5. Of the government of Gomes Perez
Dasrnarinas.
6. Of the government of don Francisco Tello.
7. Of the government of don Pedro de Acuna.
8. An account of the Philippine Islands.
ABOUT SUCESOS DE
LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS.
One of the important works of the
Philippines about the colonization of
Spain, published by Antonio De
Morga in Mexico 1609.
Explains the political, social and
economical aspects of a colonizer and
the colonized country.
The book is based on the experience
and observation of Antonio De Morga.
Annotated by Jose Rizal with a
prologue by Dr. Ferdinand
Blumentritt.
PURPOSE OF SUCESOS
DE LAS ISLAS
FILIPINAS.
Morga (1609) wrote that the
purpose for writing Sucesos was
so he could chronicle "the deeds
achieved by our Spaniards, the
discovery, conquest, and
conversion of the Filipinas Islands
- as well as various fortunes that
they have from time to time in the
great kingdoms and among the
pagan peoples surrounding the
islands. "
WHAT INITIALLY
PROMPTED RIZAL
TO DO THE
ANNOTATION?
Rizal have been reflecting on his country’s
history.
He then decided to undertake the
annotation of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos
de Las Islas Filipinas. Jose Rizal
National Hero of the
Blumentritt could not be persuaded to write Philippines
a history of the Philippines.
His personal friendship with Ferdinand
Blumenntritt provided the inspiration for
doing a new edition of Morga’s Sucesos.
WHY JOSE RIZAL
CHOSE MORGA’S
WORK?
First consideration for the choice of Morga: Because the book was
rare and Morga was a layman rather than a religious chronicler, and
Rizal thought Morga was more 'objective' than, the religious writers.
Second consideration for the choice of Morga: Rizal wishes to
publish a Morga edition since there has never been a history written
by an indio or from the perspective of an indio. American historian
Austin Craig pointed out that the colonial histories of the Philippines
were little more than chapters in the wider history of Spain.
Third consideration for the choice of Morga: 'The straightforward
historical annotations' (Rizal corrects the original one) and
'Historically based reflect his anticlerical bias' are the two categories
of Rizal's annotation."
WHY JOSE RIZAL
CHOSE MORGA’S
WORK?
Fourth consideration for the choice of Morga: The Morga is an
excellent book; it can be said that Morga is a modern learned explorer
(modern sabio explorador). He has nothing of the superficiality and
exaggeration so typical of present-day Spaniards. He writes very
simply, but in reading him there is much between the lines because he
has governor general in the Philippines and later, head (alcalde) of the
Inquisition' (Epistolario 1938, 5:308). This is from a letter to
Blumentritt, where Rizal expressed his fondness for Morga.
Fifth consideration for the choice of Morga: Rizal believed that the
Filipinos already had their own culture and did not require the
introduction of a new religion or civilization from Spain."
HOW DID JOSE
RIZAL KNOW ABOUT
MORGA’S WORK?
Rizal found the book
while he was in London.
He hand copied the
whole 351 pages of the
book.
It was the first historical
work on the Philippines
by a Filipino.
RIZAL’S PURPOSE OF
ANNOTATING
MORGA’S WORK.
To awaken the consciousness of the
Filipinos regarding their glorious ways of
the past.
To correct what has been distorted about
the Philippines due to Spanish Conquest.
To prove that the Filipinos are
civilized/advanced even before the
coming of the Spaniards.
Annotating Morga’s Sucesos was a move
from Dr. Jose Rizal Aimed to provide an
opportunity to the Filipinos to
rediscover and restore their lost history
which includes their old customs and
traditions.
The annotation of Rizal to Morga’s
Sucesos aimed to correct the wrong
perspective of the Filipinos to our
traditions and beliefs. Riza sought to
give Filipinos a voice and awaken their
consciousness of their past by
immersing himself in Morga’s point of
view and writing annotations of the
written document.
RIZAL’S ANNOTATION OF
MORGA’S SUCESOS.
"To the Filipinos: In Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer), I started to
sketch the present state of our native land. But the effect which my
effort produced made me realize that, before attempting to unroll
before your eyes the other pictures which were to follow, it was
necessary first to post you on the past. So only can you fairly judge the
present and estimate how much progress has been made during the
three centuries of Spanish rule. Like almost all of you, I was born and
brought up in ignorance of our country’s past and so, without
knowledge or authority to speak of what I neither saw nor have studied,
I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard
who, in the beginning of the new era, controlled the destinies of the
Philippines and had personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its
last days."
OBSERVATIONS ABOUT
EARLY HISTORY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
"Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had an army and
navy with artillery and other implements of warfare.
Their prized krises and kampilans, known for their
magnificent temper, are worthy of admiration, and some
of them are richly damascened. Their coats of mail and
helmets, of which there are specimens in various
European museums, attest to their great advancement in
this industry."
OBSERVATIONS ABOUT
EARLY HISTORY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
“In Morga’s time, the Philippines exported silk to Japan whence
now comes the best quality of that merchandise.
"Filipinos had minstrels who memorized songs recounting their
genealogies and the deeds ascribed to their deities. These were
chanted on voyages in cadence with the rowing, or at festivals,
funerals, or wherever there were significant gatherings. It is
regrettable that these chants have not been preserved, as from
them it would have been possible to learn much about the Filipinos'
past and possibly the history of neighboring islands."
THREE KINDS OF SPANISH
DELUSIONS ABOUT THE
PHILIPPINES.
1. Filipinos were an inferior race.
2. Filipinos were not ready for parliamentary representation and
other reforms.
3. Denial of equal rights can be compensated by strict dispensation of
Justice.
MORGA’S VS. RIZAL’S
VIEWS ABOUT THE
FILIPINOS, THE
PHILIPPINES AND ITS
CULTURE.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
Those natives living in Luzon They will always choose violence
are tribes whom one cannot be until the government enters
safe with because to pacify because of their inhumane ways
them, it is either through good as answers to those who do not
or violent means. submit to the friars.
CLOTHING
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
In the middle of their waist Bahag is a rich colored cloth and
they wore “bahaque” and their quite often with gold strips and
foreheads wrapped with a they put moro style like a turban.
potong.
food
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
They eat beef and fish which This fish that Morga mentions, that
they know is best when it has cannot be good until it begins to mt,
started to rot and stink. is bagoong and those who have eaten
it and tasted it known that it neither
is not should be rotten.
drinking
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
Natives drink heavily, Morga Rizal quoted Fr. Colin who said it is
said, they all end up drunk common knowledge that they drink a
during wedding feast. lot but no matter how inebriated they
seem to be after a gathering or a feast,
they can always find their way home.
GOVERNMENT
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
There were no kings and Agreed.
queens or lords in different
provinces to rule, instead they
considered principals among
the natives.
MARRIAGE, FAMILY
AND HOUSEHOLD
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
1. The groom contributes a dowry, which he 1. A Filipino woman helps her husband
received from his parents. The bride does and is not seen as a burden.
not bring anything until she inherits from 2. In tagalog, a house is called
her parents. pamamahay.
2. The house where the parents and children 3. Asawa is the term called for the wife
is called a bahandin. of the native man.
3. Inasawa is a wife married to a native man.
RELIGION / HEALERS
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
There were no priests or a man of There were priests called Catalona
religion to attend to religious matters. or Babaylan.
They believed in idols and
superstitions which the devil inspired
them to do to tell whether skick
persons would live or die.
BELIEF ON CROCODILES
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
Morga said the natives revere Rizal explained that there were
and venerate the crocodile instances when crocodiles, while
because they are afraid of its sparing their Indio servants,
power. gobbled friars.
CUSTOMS FOR THE DEAD
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
They bury the dead in their It is much more natural to venerate
houses. In their funeral, there the remains of our loved ones than
was no procession, only those those fanatical martyrs whom we
performed by the members of have no dealings and who probably
the household of the dead. will never remember us.
ARTILLERY
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
Governor Santiago de Vera, on Talked about Panday Pira as an
his time, had set up a foundry indio who already knew how to
for the making of artillery found cannons even before the
under the hands of an old indio arrival of the Spaniards.
called Pandapira.
SHIP-BUILDING INDUSTRY
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
Described Filipino boats large Claimed that the country, at one time,
enough to cany one hundred with primitive means, built ships of
rowers on the border (vanda) around 2,000 tons. He then proceeded
and thirty soldiers on top by lamenting the environmental costs
of Spanish boat-building.
(pelea).
SYSTEMS OF WRITING AND
ACCOMPANYING LITERATURE.
ANTONIO JOSE RIZAL
MORGA
Observed that writing was widely in Agreed that there was indeed a system
use all over the pre-Hispanic of writing but went one step further in
Philippines, that all inidios, men as assuming that there was a great volume
well as women, could read and write of writing literature at the time the
at least properly in their own Spaniards arrived in the Philippines.
language.
BLUMENTRITT’S
FRIENDLY CRITIQUE
TO RIZAL’S
ANNOTATIONS
FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT
He was born on
1853 in Prague
He was an Author, Encouraged Rizal to
Teacher and write about the
Director Philippines’ pre-colonial
He wrote in history.
prologue of
sucesos de las islas
filipinas in Spanish
even though he is a
German.
BLUMENTRITT’S
CRITIQUE
The first critic of Rizal's written history is by Ferdinand
Blumentritt. In the introduction of Rizal's work, Rizal's insights
on the behavior of European invaders and civilizers are not new
to historians, according to Blumentritt. The notes will have
limitless worth if Rizal will provide new points of view.
He criticized Rizal's historical use of hindsight, and a strong
anti-clerical bias.
Blumentritt stated, "My great esteem for your notes does not
impede me from confessing that, more than once, I have
observed that you participate in the error of many modern
historians who censure the events of the past according to the
concepts that correspond to contemporary ideas. This should
not be so."
BLUMENTRITT’S
CRITIQUE
"The historian should not impute to the men of
the sixteenth century the broad horizon of ideas
that moves the nineteenth century. The second
point with which I do not agree is some vented
against Catholicism. I believe that you cannot
find the origin of numerous events regrettable for
Spain and for the good name of the European
race in religion but in the hard behavior and
abuses of many priests."
The problem with Rizal is his constant ambiguity.
GENERALIZATION
Filipinos were deceived and deprived of their history.
Rizal believed that the Philippines had its own culture
and tradition. His discovery of Morga's Sucesos led to
the Philippines revealing and rediscovering its true
identity, which had been falsified by the Spaniards.
Rizal's annotation of the book was significant for the
country because it divulged the hidden Philippine
history. Most importantly, it provided a chance for
Filipinos to rediscover and declare themselves.
TO FORETELL THE
DESTINY OF A NATION, IT
IS NECESSARY TO OPEN
THE BOOKS THAT TELL OF
HER PAST.
JOSE RIZAL
REFERENCES:
Thank You
BSME - 2A