Name: _____________________________________ Unit 6 Honors Chemistry Notes
Physical vs. Chemical Properties of Substances
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Characteristics that are observed or Ability to combine with or change
measured _____________ changing into a ______ substance
________________ of the substance
Physical vs. Chemical Changes in Reactions
Physical Changes Chemical Changes
Alter substances ___________ Changing into _______ substances
changing their _____________
Examples:
Examples:
LOOK FOR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Reaction Basics
_______________________________________ _______________________
Reactants: Products:
Solid Liquid Gas Aqueous Yield/React
Subscripts and Coefficients
Subscripts –
Coefficients –
ex) 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 2 SO3(g)
The Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter
A chemical reaction is a process in which __________ of one or more substances
are _________________ in order to form new substances.
All _____________ is neither _____________ nor ______________ in a chemical
reaction. ALL chemical reactions MUST obey this law.
We following this law by _________________ chemical equations so that the
number of atoms of each element type are ___________ on both the
_______________ and ________________ sides of the equation! To do this you
add ____________________ but you will NEVER change the _______________.
Counting Atoms
NH3 N: ____ H: ____ 2 CO2 C: ____ O: ____
H2SO4 H: ____ S: ____ O: ____ 6 H2O H: ____ O: ____
Al(OH)3 Al: ____ O: ____ H: ____ 3 Mg(NO3)2 Mg: ____ N: ____ O: ____
ex) N2(g) + H2(g) NH3(g) : ___________________________
Are my atoms in reactants equal to the # of atoms in my products?
How to Balance Chemical Equations
Even the best chemists still just guess and check!
1. Look at or write down your equation.
2. Write down the number of atoms per element on each side.
3. Add ________________ to balance your reactant and product.
4. ALWAYS double check your final number of atoms!
Practice
___P4 + ___O2 ___ P2O5 ___C6 H6 + ___O2 ___ CO2 + ___H2O
___Mg + ___N2 ___ Mg3N2
Diatomic Molecules – The Special 7!
Elements that ALWAYS have a 2 subscript if not with another element!
More Balancing Equations Examples
Solid aluminum and oxygen gas react to form solid aluminum oxide.
Iron (III) oxide and sulfuric acid react to from Iron (III) sulfate and water.
Sulfur trioxide breaks down to form both sulfur dioxide and oxygen gas.
A hydrocarbon (C2H6) and oxygen gas combust to form carbon dioxide and
water.
5 Types of Chemical Reactions
Type Description General Example
Two or more simple
Synthesis
molecules __________
to form 1 complex
___________
Complex molecule
Decomposition
_________________ to
multiple simple
products. Decomp is the
______________ of a
synthesis rxn.
Element __________
Replacement
places with another
Single
element in a chemical
compound. SR rxns are
based on the
___________ series.
Usually when the
____________ of 2 ionic
Replacement
compounds switch
Double
places. The
________________
rules determine what
type of product forms.
__________ combines
Combustion
with a _____________
to ALWAYS form
carbon dioxide, water,
and heat.
Handy Questions – must ask them in this order! Stop when you answer yes!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Word Equations – turn chemical equations into words!
KNOW THE ELEMENTS ON PERIODIC TABLE KNOW THE TYPE OF REACTION
KNOW HOW TO NAME COMPOUNDS KNOW STATE OF MATTER SYMBOLS
ex) O2(g) + 2H2(g) 2 H2O(l)
ex) FeSO4 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) Fe(NO3)2(aq) + PbSO4(s)
ex) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) 2 H2O(l) + CO2(g)
How do you predict the products of a reaction?
Type Identify Products Examples
Synthesis
Decomposition
Replacement
Single
Replacement
Double
Combustion
Use your reference table! It has ALL the answers!
1.
2.
3.
Examples
_____Al + _____ O2 ________________________________________________
_____Ca + _____ AgCl ______________________________________________
_____ Pb(NO3)2 + _____ KOH _________________________________________
_____C4H6 + _____O2 _______________________________________________
_____ ZnCO3 ______________________________________________________
_____ HCl + _____ Mg(OH)2 _________________________________________
Predicting Products – More Complex! USE YOUR REFERENCE TABLE!
_____ Na + _____ H2O
_____ Ba(OH)2
_____ KCl + _____CaBr2
_____ C6H14 + _____ O2
_____ Cl2 + _____ KBr
Activity Series – also on your reference table! Will there actually be a reaction?
Ranks metals based on reactivity
Higher up = __________ likely to form
a compound
Used mostly in SR rxns
THE _________ REACTIVE METALS WILL BE IN THE __________________!
ex) Co + FeCl2
ex) 2K + CaBr2
ex) Mn + AlF3
ex) Br2 + CaI2
ex) Ba + 2NaOH
Solubility Rules – on your reference table! What is solid and what is aqueous?
Soluble:
Insoluble:
NaCl, CaBr2, K2SO4, NaF PbI2, CaCO3, MgO
ex) Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaI(aq)
ex) NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)
ex) Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq)
ex) ZnSO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq)
ex) NaCl(aq) + LiBr(aq)
Net Ionic Equations
Pretend everything THAT CAN BE has been dissolved in water. Your net ionic equation is
usually the reaction to form the precipitate!
1.
2.
3.
NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2HCl(aq)
2NaOH(aq) + CuCl2(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
3Mg(s) + 2AlBr3(aq) 3MgBr2(aq) + 2Al(s)
HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) H2O(l) + KCl(aq)