The study notes that while the prevalence of substance use among Jordanian college students is concerning, it is generally lower compared to global trends. This discrepancy may be attributed to cultural norms and stricter legal frameworks regarding substance use in Jordan .

The study recommends future research to focus on longitudinal studies to track changes in substance use over time, detailed investigations into the psychological factors contributing to substance use, and the development of culturally tailored intervention programs. It also suggests the inclusion of diverse educational institutions to gather comparative data .

The study highlights that educational pressure significantly impacts substance use, as students turn to drugs and alcohol to manage stress and anxiety associated with academic performance and expectations. This pressure is a major factor in pushing students toward substance use .

The study indicates that gender plays a significant role in patterns of substance use, with male students more likely to engage in substance use compared to their female counterparts. This difference is partly attributed to societal norms that anticipate different behaviors and pressures on males and females .

The study's findings suggest significant implications for public health policy in Jordan, including the need for preventive education programs, increased support for mental health services in universities, and stricter enforcement of laws against illegal substance distribution. It highlights the importance of culturally sensitive interventions targeting youth .

The study by Suleiman et al. identifies several primary factors contributing to substance use among university and college students in Jordan, including peer pressure, academic stress, and the availability of substances. Additionally, societal attitudes towards drugs and a lack of awareness about the risks of substance abuse are also significant factors .

Effective prevention strategies suggested by the study include implementing educational campaigns that raise awareness about substance abuse risks, establishing support groups and counseling services, and promoting healthy lifestyle choices among students to counteract stress and peer pressure influences .

Cultural factors affecting attitudes towards substance use among Jordanian students include religious beliefs that discourage substance use, societal norms prioritizing academic success, and familial expectations. These cultural dynamics serve as both protective and risk factors in shaping students' attitudes towards substance use .

The study utilized a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to assess substance use among students. These methods allowed for a comprehensive analysis of both the prevalence and the underlying factors of substance use behavior .

The study identifies socio-economic factors as significant influences on substance use, where students from higher income families have more access to substances but those from lower socio-economic backgrounds may use substances as a coping mechanism for stress and socio-economic pressures .